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Support the [email protected] SSH cipher #456

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Castaglia opened this issue Mar 18, 2017 · 2 comments
Closed

Support the [email protected] SSH cipher #456

Castaglia opened this issue Mar 18, 2017 · 2 comments
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@Castaglia
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The mod_sftp module should implement support for the "[email protected]" cipher, for performance and interoperability.

@Castaglia Castaglia added this to the 1.3.7 milestone Mar 18, 2017
@Castaglia Castaglia self-assigned this Mar 18, 2017
@ghost
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ghost commented Aug 24, 2017

Just a suggestion, it should (as far as is possible and practical) support all the ssh2 ciphers. Especially the hardware accelerated ones.

I'm seeing great performance differences between OpenSSH mod_sftp and proftpd sftp performance, not in favor of proftpd.

@Castaglia
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This has been implemented in the master branch now.

renovate bot added a commit to sheldonhull/az-pr that referenced this issue Dec 25, 2023
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This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Change | Age | Adoption | Passing | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| golang.org/x/crypto | `v0.16.0` -> `v0.17.0` |
[![age](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/age/go/golang.org%2fx%2fcrypto/v0.17.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
|
[![adoption](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/adoption/go/golang.org%2fx%2fcrypto/v0.17.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
|
[![passing](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/compatibility/go/golang.org%2fx%2fcrypto/v0.16.0/v0.17.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
|
[![confidence](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/confidence/go/golang.org%2fx%2fcrypto/v0.16.0/v0.17.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
|

copilot:all

### GitHub Vulnerability Alerts

####
[CVE-2023-48795](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/security/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)

### Summary

Terrapin is a prefix truncation attack targeting the SSH protocol. More
precisely, Terrapin breaks the integrity of SSH's secure channel. By
carefully adjusting the sequence numbers during the handshake, an
attacker can remove an arbitrary amount of messages sent by the client
or server at the beginning of the secure channel without the client or
server noticing it.

### Mitigations

To mitigate this protocol vulnerability, OpenSSH suggested a so-called
"strict kex" which alters the SSH handshake to ensure a
Man-in-the-Middle attacker cannot introduce unauthenticated messages as
well as convey sequence number manipulation across handshakes.

**Warning: To take effect, both the client and server must support this
countermeasure.**

As a stop-gap measure, peers may also (temporarily) disable the affected
algorithms and use unaffected alternatives like AES-GCM instead until
patches are available.

### Details

The SSH specifications of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@​openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected] MACs) are vulnerable against an arbitrary prefix
truncation attack (a.k.a. Terrapin attack). This allows for an extension
negotiation downgrade by stripping the SSH_MSG_EXT_INFO sent after the
first message after SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS, downgrading security, and disabling
attack countermeasures in some versions of OpenSSH. When targeting
Encrypt-then-MAC, this attack requires the use of a CBC cipher to be
practically exploitable due to the internal workings of the cipher mode.
Additionally, this novel attack technique can be used to exploit
previously unexploitable implementation flaws in a Man-in-the-Middle
scenario.

The attack works by an attacker injecting an arbitrary number of
SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages during the initial key exchange and consequently
removing the same number of messages just after the initial key exchange
has concluded. This is possible due to missing authentication of the
excess SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages and the fact that the implicit sequence
numbers used within the SSH protocol are only checked after the initial
key exchange.

In the case of ChaCha20-Poly1305, the attack is guaranteed to work on
every connection as this cipher does not maintain an internal state
other than the message's sequence number. In the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, practical exploitation requires the use of a CBC
cipher; while theoretical integrity is broken for all ciphers when using
this mode, message processing will fail at the application layer for CTR
and stream ciphers.

For more details see
[https://terrapin-attack.com](https://terrapin-attack.com).

### Impact

This attack targets the specification of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@​openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected]), which are widely adopted by well-known SSH
implementations and can be considered de-facto standard. These
algorithms can be practically exploited; however, in the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, we additionally require the use of a CBC cipher. As a
consequence, this attack works against all well-behaving SSH
implementations supporting either of those algorithms and can be used to
downgrade (but not fully strip) connection security in case SSH
extension negotiation (RFC8308) is supported. The attack may also enable
attackers to exploit certain implementation flaws in a man-in-the-middle
(MitM) scenario.

---

### Prefix Truncation Attack against ChaCha20-Poly1305 and
Encrypt-then-MAC aka Terrapin
[CVE-2023-48795](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795) /
[GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
/ [GO-2023-2402](https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-2402)

<details>
<summary>More information</summary>

#### Details
##### Summary

Terrapin is a prefix truncation attack targeting the SSH protocol. More
precisely, Terrapin breaks the integrity of SSH's secure channel. By
carefully adjusting the sequence numbers during the handshake, an
attacker can remove an arbitrary amount of messages sent by the client
or server at the beginning of the secure channel without the client or
server noticing it.

##### Mitigations

To mitigate this protocol vulnerability, OpenSSH suggested a so-called
"strict kex" which alters the SSH handshake to ensure a
Man-in-the-Middle attacker cannot introduce unauthenticated messages as
well as convey sequence number manipulation across handshakes.

**Warning: To take effect, both the client and server must support this
countermeasure.**

As a stop-gap measure, peers may also (temporarily) disable the affected
algorithms and use unaffected alternatives like AES-GCM instead until
patches are available.

##### Details

The SSH specifications of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@&#8203;openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected] MACs) are vulnerable against an arbitrary prefix
truncation attack (a.k.a. Terrapin attack). This allows for an extension
negotiation downgrade by stripping the SSH_MSG_EXT_INFO sent after the
first message after SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS, downgrading security, and disabling
attack countermeasures in some versions of OpenSSH. When targeting
Encrypt-then-MAC, this attack requires the use of a CBC cipher to be
practically exploitable due to the internal workings of the cipher mode.
Additionally, this novel attack technique can be used to exploit
previously unexploitable implementation flaws in a Man-in-the-Middle
scenario.

The attack works by an attacker injecting an arbitrary number of
SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages during the initial key exchange and consequently
removing the same number of messages just after the initial key exchange
has concluded. This is possible due to missing authentication of the
excess SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages and the fact that the implicit sequence
numbers used within the SSH protocol are only checked after the initial
key exchange.

In the case of ChaCha20-Poly1305, the attack is guaranteed to work on
every connection as this cipher does not maintain an internal state
other than the message's sequence number. In the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, practical exploitation requires the use of a CBC
cipher; while theoretical integrity is broken for all ciphers when using
this mode, message processing will fail at the application layer for CTR
and stream ciphers.

For more details see
[https://terrapin-attack.com](https://terrapin-attack.com).

##### Impact

This attack targets the specification of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@&#8203;openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected]), which are widely adopted by well-known SSH
implementations and can be considered de-facto standard. These
algorithms can be practically exploited; however, in the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, we additionally require the use of a CBC cipher. As a
consequence, this attack works against all well-behaving SSH
implementations supporting either of those algorithms and can be used to
downgrade (but not fully strip) connection security in case SSH
extension negotiation (RFC8308) is supported. The attack may also enable
attackers to exploit certain implementation flaws in a man-in-the-middle
(MitM) scenario.

#### Severity
- CVSS Score: 5.9 / 10 (Medium)
- Vector String: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N`

#### References
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/security/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/security/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
-
[https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795)
-
[apache/mina-sshd#445
-
[hierynomus/sshj#916
-
[janmojzis/tinyssh#81
-
[mwiede/jsch#457
-
[paramiko/paramiko#2337
-
[proftpd/proftpd#456
-
[NixOS/nixpkgs#275249
-
[libssh2/libssh2#1291
-
[mwiede/jsch#461
-
[https://github.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/commit/7279fbd6ef4d0c8bdd6a90af4ada2899d786eec0](https://togithub.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/commit/7279fbd6ef4d0c8bdd6a90af4ada2899d786eec0)
-
[https://github.com/connectbot/sshlib/commit/5c8b534f6e97db7ac0e0e579331213aa25c173ab](https://togithub.com/connectbot/sshlib/commit/5c8b534f6e97db7ac0e0e579331213aa25c173ab)
-
[https://github.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d](https://togithub.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d)
-
[https://github.com/jtesta/ssh-audit/commit/8e972c5e94b460379fe0c7d20209c16df81538a5](https://togithub.com/jtesta/ssh-audit/commit/8e972c5e94b460379fe0c7d20209c16df81538a5)
-
[https://github.com/mscdex/ssh2/commit/97b223f8891b96d6fc054df5ab1d5a1a545da2a3](https://togithub.com/mscdex/ssh2/commit/97b223f8891b96d6fc054df5ab1d5a1a545da2a3)
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/commit/1aa340a7df1d5be1c0f4a9e247aade76dfdd2951](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/commit/1aa340a7df1d5be1c0f4a9e247aade76dfdd2951)
-
[https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-48795](https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-48795)
-
[https://arstechnica.com/security/2023/12/hackers-can-break-ssh-channel-integrity-using-novel-data-corruption-attack/](https://arstechnica.com/security/2023/12/hackers-can-break-ssh-channel-integrity-using-novel-data-corruption-attack/)
- [https://bugs.gentoo.org/920280](https://bugs.gentoo.org/920280)
-
[https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2254210](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2254210)
-
[https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1217950](https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1217950)
-
[https://crates.io/crates/thrussh/versions](https://crates.io/crates/thrussh/versions)
-
[https://forum.netgate.com/topic/184941/terrapin-ssh-attack](https://forum.netgate.com/topic/184941/terrapin-ssh-attack)
-
[https://git.libssh.org/projects/libssh.git/commit/?h=stable-0.10&id=10e09e273f69e149389b3e0e5d44b8c221c2e7f6](https://git.libssh.org/projects/libssh.git/commit/?h=stable-0.10&id=10e09e273f69e149389b3e0e5d44b8c221c2e7f6)
-
[https://github.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/releases/tag/v5.1](https://togithub.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/releases/tag/v5.1)
-
[https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
-
[https://github.com/connectbot/sshlib/compare/2.2.21...2.2.22](https://togithub.com/connectbot/sshlib/compare/2.2.21...2.2.22)
-
[https://github.com/drakkan/sftpgo/releases/tag/v2.5.6](https://togithub.com/drakkan/sftpgo/releases/tag/v2.5.6)
-
[https://github.com/erlang/otp/blob/d1b43dc0f1361d2ad67601169e90a7fc50bb0369/lib/ssh/doc/src/notes.xml#L39-L42](https://togithub.com/erlang/otp/blob/d1b43dc0f1361d2ad67601169e90a7fc50bb0369/lib/ssh/doc/src/notes.xml#L39-L42)
-
[https://github.com/erlang/otp/releases/tag/OTP-26.2.1](https://togithub.com/erlang/otp/releases/tag/OTP-26.2.1)
-
[https://github.com/mkj/dropbear/blob/17657c36cce6df7716d5ff151ec09a665382d5dd/CHANGES#L25](https://togithub.com/mkj/dropbear/blob/17657c36cce6df7716d5ff151ec09a665382d5dd/CHANGES#L25)
-
[https://github.com/mwiede/jsch/compare/jsch-0.2.14...jsch-0.2.15](https://togithub.com/mwiede/jsch/compare/jsch-0.2.14...jsch-0.2.15)
-
[https://github.com/net-ssh/net-ssh/blob/2e65064a52d73396bfc3806c9196fc8108f33cd8/CHANGES.txt#L14-L16](https://togithub.com/net-ssh/net-ssh/blob/2e65064a52d73396bfc3806c9196fc8108f33cd8/CHANGES.txt#L14-L16)
-
[https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commits/master](https://togithub.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commits/master)
-
[https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/0a7ea9b0ba9fcdf368374a226370d08f10397d99/RELEASE_NOTES](https://togithub.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/0a7ea9b0ba9fcdf368374a226370d08f10397d99/RELEASE_NOTES)
-
[https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/d21e7a2e47e9b38f709bec58e3fa711f759ad0e1/RELEASE_NOTES](https://togithub.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/d21e7a2e47e9b38f709bec58e3fa711f759ad0e1/RELEASE_NOTES)
-
[https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES](https://togithub.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES)
-
[https://github.com/rapier1/hpn-ssh/releases](https://togithub.com/rapier1/hpn-ssh/releases)
-
[https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/blob/develop/docs/changes.rst](https://togithub.com/ronf/asyncssh/blob/develop/docs/changes.rst)
-
[https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/tags](https://togithub.com/ronf/asyncssh/tags)
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh)
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/releases/tag/v0.40.2](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/releases/tag/v0.40.2)
-
[https://gitlab.com/libssh/libssh-mirror/-/tags](https://gitlab.com/libssh/libssh-mirror/-/tags)
- [https://go.dev/cl/550715](https://go.dev/cl/550715)
- [https://go.dev/issue/64784](https://go.dev/issue/64784)
-
[https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/-n5WqVC18LQ](https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/-n5WqVC18LQ)
-
[https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg](https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg)
-
[https://jadaptive.com/important-java-ssh-security-update-new-ssh-vulnerability-discovered-cve-2023-48795/](https://jadaptive.com/important-java-ssh-security-update-new-ssh-vulnerability-discovered-cve-2023-48795/)
-
[https://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/CHANGES](https://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/CHANGES)
-
[https://nest.pijul.com/pijul/thrussh/changes/D6H7OWTTMHHX6BTB3B6MNBOBX2L66CBL4LGSEUSAI2MCRCJDQFRQC](https://nest.pijul.com/pijul/thrussh/changes/D6H7OWTTMHHX6BTB3B6MNBOBX2L66CBL4LGSEUSAI2MCRCJDQFRQC)
-
[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38684904](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38684904)
-
[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38685286](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38685286)
-
[https://oryx-embedded.com/download/#changelog](https://oryx-embedded.com/download/#changelog)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-48795](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-48795)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/libssh2](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/libssh2)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/proftpd-dfsg](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/proftpd-dfsg)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/trilead-ssh2](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/trilead-ssh2)
-
[https://thorntech.com/cve-2023-48795-and-sftp-gateway/](https://thorntech.com/cve-2023-48795-and-sftp-gateway/)
-
[https://twitter.com/TrueSkrillor/status/1736774389725565005](https://twitter.com/TrueSkrillor/status/1736774389725565005)
-
[https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-48795](https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-48795)
-
[https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-server-version-history](https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-server-version-history)
-
[https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/changes.html](https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/changes.html)
-
[https://www.crushftp.com/crush10wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update](https://www.crushftp.com/crush10wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update)
-
[https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-23:19.openssh.asc](https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-23:19.openssh.asc)
-
[https://www.netsarang.com/en/xshell-update-history/](https://www.netsarang.com/en/xshell-update-history/)
-
[https://www.openssh.com/openbsd.html](https://www.openssh.com/openbsd.html)
-
[https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6](https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6)
-
[https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/2](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/2)
-
[https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3)
-
[https://www.paramiko.org/changelog.html](https://www.paramiko.org/changelog.html)
-
[https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/18idv52/cve202348795_why_is_this_cve_still_undisclosed/](https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/18idv52/cve202348795_why_is_this_cve_still_undisclosed/)
-
[https://www.suse.com/c/suse-addresses-the-ssh-v2-protocol-terrapin-attack-aka-cve-2023-48795/](https://www.suse.com/c/suse-addresses-the-ssh-v2-protocol-terrapin-attack-aka-cve-2023-48795/)
- [https://www.terrapin-attack.com](https://www.terrapin-attack.com)
-
[http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176280/Terrapin-SSH-Connection-Weakening.html](http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176280/Terrapin-SSH-Connection-Weakening.html)
-
[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/3](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/3)
-
[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/19/5](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/19/5)
-
[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3)

This data is provided by
[OSV](https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8) and the [GitHub
Advisory Database](https://togithub.com/github/advisory-database)
([CC-BY
4.0](https://togithub.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/LICENSE.md)).
</details>

---

### Man-in-the-middle attacker can compromise integrity of secure
channel in golang.org/x/crypto
[CVE-2023-48795](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795) /
[GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
/ [GO-2023-2402](https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-2402)

<details>
<summary>More information</summary>

#### Details
A protocol weakness allows a MITM attacker to compromise the integrity
of the secure channel before it is established, allowing the attacker to
prevent transmission of a number of messages immediately after the
secure channel is established without either side being aware.

The impact of this attack is relatively limited, as it does not
compromise confidentiality of the channel. Notably this attack would
allow an attacker to prevent the transmission of the SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO
message, disabling a handful of newer security features.

This protocol weakness was also fixed in OpenSSH 9.6.

#### Severity
Unknown

#### References
- [https://go.dev/issue/64784](https://go.dev/issue/64784)
- [https://go.dev/cl/550715](https://go.dev/cl/550715)
-
[https://github.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d](https://togithub.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d)
-
[https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg](https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg)
-
[https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6](https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6)

This data is provided by
[OSV](https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2023-2402) and the [Go
Vulnerability Database](https://togithub.com/golang/vulndb) ([CC-BY
4.0](https://togithub.com/golang/vulndb#license)).
</details>

---

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Co-authored-by: renovate[bot] <29139614+renovate[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
mend-for-github-com bot added a commit to DelineaXPM/dsv-k8s-sidecar that referenced this issue Jan 15, 2024
This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Change | Age | Adoption | Passing | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| golang.org/x/crypto | `v0.14.0` -> `v0.17.0` |
[![age](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/age/go/golang.org%2fx%2fcrypto/v0.17.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
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|
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|

### GitHub Vulnerability Alerts

####
[CVE-2023-48795](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/security/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)

### Summary

Terrapin is a prefix truncation attack targeting the SSH protocol. More
precisely, Terrapin breaks the integrity of SSH's secure channel. By
carefully adjusting the sequence numbers during the handshake, an
attacker can remove an arbitrary amount of messages sent by the client
or server at the beginning of the secure channel without the client or
server noticing it.

### Mitigations

To mitigate this protocol vulnerability, OpenSSH suggested a so-called
"strict kex" which alters the SSH handshake to ensure a
Man-in-the-Middle attacker cannot introduce unauthenticated messages as
well as convey sequence number manipulation across handshakes.

**Warning: To take effect, both the client and server must support this
countermeasure.**

As a stop-gap measure, peers may also (temporarily) disable the affected
algorithms and use unaffected alternatives like AES-GCM instead until
patches are available.

### Details

The SSH specifications of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@&#8203;openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected] MACs) are vulnerable against an arbitrary prefix
truncation attack (a.k.a. Terrapin attack). This allows for an extension
negotiation downgrade by stripping the SSH_MSG_EXT_INFO sent after the
first message after SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS, downgrading security, and disabling
attack countermeasures in some versions of OpenSSH. When targeting
Encrypt-then-MAC, this attack requires the use of a CBC cipher to be
practically exploitable due to the internal workings of the cipher mode.
Additionally, this novel attack technique can be used to exploit
previously unexploitable implementation flaws in a Man-in-the-Middle
scenario.

The attack works by an attacker injecting an arbitrary number of
SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages during the initial key exchange and consequently
removing the same number of messages just after the initial key exchange
has concluded. This is possible due to missing authentication of the
excess SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages and the fact that the implicit sequence
numbers used within the SSH protocol are only checked after the initial
key exchange.

In the case of ChaCha20-Poly1305, the attack is guaranteed to work on
every connection as this cipher does not maintain an internal state
other than the message's sequence number. In the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, practical exploitation requires the use of a CBC
cipher; while theoretical integrity is broken for all ciphers when using
this mode, message processing will fail at the application layer for CTR
and stream ciphers.

For more details see
[https://terrapin-attack.com](https://terrapin-attack.com).

### Impact

This attack targets the specification of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@&#8203;openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected]), which are widely adopted by well-known SSH
implementations and can be considered de-facto standard. These
algorithms can be practically exploited; however, in the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, we additionally require the use of a CBC cipher. As a
consequence, this attack works against all well-behaving SSH
implementations supporting either of those algorithms and can be used to
downgrade (but not fully strip) connection security in case SSH
extension negotiation (RFC8308) is supported. The attack may also enable
attackers to exploit certain implementation flaws in a man-in-the-middle
(MitM) scenario.

---

### Man-in-the-middle attacker can compromise integrity of secure
channel in golang.org/x/crypto
[CVE-2023-48795](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795) /
[GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
/ [GO-2023-2402](https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-2402)

<details>
<summary>More information</summary>

#### Details
A protocol weakness allows a MITM attacker to compromise the integrity
of the secure channel before it is established, allowing the attacker to
prevent transmission of a number of messages immediately after the
secure channel is established without either side being aware.

The impact of this attack is relatively limited, as it does not
compromise confidentiality of the channel. Notably this attack would
allow an attacker to prevent the transmission of the SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO
message, disabling a handful of newer security features.

This protocol weakness was also fixed in OpenSSH 9.6.

#### Severity
Unknown

#### References
- [https://go.dev/issue/64784](https://go.dev/issue/64784)
- [https://go.dev/cl/550715](https://go.dev/cl/550715)
-
[https://github.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d](https://togithub.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d)
-
[https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg](https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg)
-
[https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6](https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6)

This data is provided by
[OSV](https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2023-2402) and the [Go
Vulnerability Database](https://togithub.com/golang/vulndb) ([CC-BY
4.0](https://togithub.com/golang/vulndb#license)).
</details>

---

### Prefix Truncation Attack against ChaCha20-Poly1305 and
Encrypt-then-MAC aka Terrapin
[CVE-2023-48795](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795) /
[GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
/ [GO-2023-2402](https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-2402)

<details>
<summary>More information</summary>

#### Details
##### Summary

Terrapin is a prefix truncation attack targeting the SSH protocol. More
precisely, Terrapin breaks the integrity of SSH's secure channel. By
carefully adjusting the sequence numbers during the handshake, an
attacker can remove an arbitrary amount of messages sent by the client
or server at the beginning of the secure channel without the client or
server noticing it.

##### Mitigations

To mitigate this protocol vulnerability, OpenSSH suggested a so-called
"strict kex" which alters the SSH handshake to ensure a
Man-in-the-Middle attacker cannot introduce unauthenticated messages as
well as convey sequence number manipulation across handshakes.

**Warning: To take effect, both the client and server must support this
countermeasure.**

As a stop-gap measure, peers may also (temporarily) disable the affected
algorithms and use unaffected alternatives like AES-GCM instead until
patches are available.

##### Details

The SSH specifications of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@&#8203;openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected] MACs) are vulnerable against an arbitrary prefix
truncation attack (a.k.a. Terrapin attack). This allows for an extension
negotiation downgrade by stripping the SSH_MSG_EXT_INFO sent after the
first message after SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS, downgrading security, and disabling
attack countermeasures in some versions of OpenSSH. When targeting
Encrypt-then-MAC, this attack requires the use of a CBC cipher to be
practically exploitable due to the internal workings of the cipher mode.
Additionally, this novel attack technique can be used to exploit
previously unexploitable implementation flaws in a Man-in-the-Middle
scenario.

The attack works by an attacker injecting an arbitrary number of
SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages during the initial key exchange and consequently
removing the same number of messages just after the initial key exchange
has concluded. This is possible due to missing authentication of the
excess SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages and the fact that the implicit sequence
numbers used within the SSH protocol are only checked after the initial
key exchange.

In the case of ChaCha20-Poly1305, the attack is guaranteed to work on
every connection as this cipher does not maintain an internal state
other than the message's sequence number. In the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, practical exploitation requires the use of a CBC
cipher; while theoretical integrity is broken for all ciphers when using
this mode, message processing will fail at the application layer for CTR
and stream ciphers.

For more details see
[https://terrapin-attack.com](https://terrapin-attack.com).

##### Impact

This attack targets the specification of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@&#8203;openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected]), which are widely adopted by well-known SSH
implementations and can be considered de-facto standard. These
algorithms can be practically exploited; however, in the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, we additionally require the use of a CBC cipher. As a
consequence, this attack works against all well-behaving SSH
implementations supporting either of those algorithms and can be used to
downgrade (but not fully strip) connection security in case SSH
extension negotiation (RFC8308) is supported. The attack may also enable
attackers to exploit certain implementation flaws in a man-in-the-middle
(MitM) scenario.

#### Severity
- CVSS Score: 5.9 / 10 (Medium)
- Vector String: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N`

#### References
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/security/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/security/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
-
[https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795)
-
[PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH#2189
-
[apache/mina-sshd#445
-
[cyd01/KiTTY#520
-
[hierynomus/sshj#916
-
[janmojzis/tinyssh#81
-
[mwiede/jsch#457
-
[paramiko/paramiko#2337
-
[proftpd/proftpd#456
-
[ssh-mitm/ssh-mitm#165
-
[NixOS/nixpkgs#275249
-
[libssh2/libssh2#1291
-
[mwiede/jsch#461
-
[https://github.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/commit/7279fbd6ef4d0c8bdd6a90af4ada2899d786eec0](https://togithub.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/commit/7279fbd6ef4d0c8bdd6a90af4ada2899d786eec0)
-
[https://github.com/connectbot/sshlib/commit/5c8b534f6e97db7ac0e0e579331213aa25c173ab](https://togithub.com/connectbot/sshlib/commit/5c8b534f6e97db7ac0e0e579331213aa25c173ab)
-
[https://github.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d](https://togithub.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d)
-
[https://github.com/jtesta/ssh-audit/commit/8e972c5e94b460379fe0c7d20209c16df81538a5](https://togithub.com/jtesta/ssh-audit/commit/8e972c5e94b460379fe0c7d20209c16df81538a5)
-
[https://github.com/mscdex/ssh2/commit/97b223f8891b96d6fc054df5ab1d5a1a545da2a3](https://togithub.com/mscdex/ssh2/commit/97b223f8891b96d6fc054df5ab1d5a1a545da2a3)
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/commit/1aa340a7df1d5be1c0f4a9e247aade76dfdd2951](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/commit/1aa340a7df1d5be1c0f4a9e247aade76dfdd2951)
-
[https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-48795](https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-48795)
-
[https://arstechnica.com/security/2023/12/hackers-can-break-ssh-channel-integrity-using-novel-data-corruption-attack/](https://arstechnica.com/security/2023/12/hackers-can-break-ssh-channel-integrity-using-novel-data-corruption-attack/)
- [https://bugs.gentoo.org/920280](https://bugs.gentoo.org/920280)
-
[https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2254210](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2254210)
-
[https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1217950](https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1217950)
-
[https://crates.io/crates/thrussh/versions](https://crates.io/crates/thrussh/versions)
-
[https://filezilla-project.org/versions.php](https://filezilla-project.org/versions.php)
-
[https://forum.netgate.com/topic/184941/terrapin-ssh-attack](https://forum.netgate.com/topic/184941/terrapin-ssh-attack)
-
[https://git.libssh.org/projects/libssh.git/commit/?h=stable-0.10&id=10e09e273f69e149389b3e0e5d44b8c221c2e7f6](https://git.libssh.org/projects/libssh.git/commit/?h=stable-0.10&id=10e09e273f69e149389b3e0e5d44b8c221c2e7f6)
-
[https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/releases/tag/v9.5.0.0p1-Beta](https://togithub.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/releases/tag/v9.5.0.0p1-Beta)
-
[https://github.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/releases/tag/v5.1](https://togithub.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/releases/tag/v5.1)
-
[https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
-
[https://github.com/connectbot/sshlib/compare/2.2.21...2.2.22](https://togithub.com/connectbot/sshlib/compare/2.2.21...2.2.22)
-
[https://github.com/drakkan/sftpgo/releases/tag/v2.5.6](https://togithub.com/drakkan/sftpgo/releases/tag/v2.5.6)
-
[https://github.com/erlang/otp/blob/d1b43dc0f1361d2ad67601169e90a7fc50bb0369/lib/ssh/doc/src/notes.xml#L39-L42](https://togithub.com/erlang/otp/blob/d1b43dc0f1361d2ad67601169e90a7fc50bb0369/lib/ssh/doc/src/notes.xml#L39-L42)
-
[https://github.com/erlang/otp/releases/tag/OTP-26.2.1](https://togithub.com/erlang/otp/releases/tag/OTP-26.2.1)
-
[https://github.com/mkj/dropbear/blob/17657c36cce6df7716d5ff151ec09a665382d5dd/CHANGES#L25](https://togithub.com/mkj/dropbear/blob/17657c36cce6df7716d5ff151ec09a665382d5dd/CHANGES#L25)
-
[https://github.com/mwiede/jsch/compare/jsch-0.2.14...jsch-0.2.15](https://togithub.com/mwiede/jsch/compare/jsch-0.2.14...jsch-0.2.15)
-
[https://github.com/net-ssh/net-ssh/blob/2e65064a52d73396bfc3806c9196fc8108f33cd8/CHANGES.txt#L14-L16](https://togithub.com/net-ssh/net-ssh/blob/2e65064a52d73396bfc3806c9196fc8108f33cd8/CHANGES.txt#L14-L16)
-
[https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commits/master](https://togithub.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commits/master)
-
[https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/0a7ea9b0ba9fcdf368374a226370d08f10397d99/RELEASE_NOTES](https://togithub.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/0a7ea9b0ba9fcdf368374a226370d08f10397d99/RELEASE_NOTES)
-
[https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/d21e7a2e47e9b38f709bec58e3fa711f759ad0e1/RELEASE_NOTES](https://togithub.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/d21e7a2e47e9b38f709bec58e3fa711f759ad0e1/RELEASE_NOTES)
-
[https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES](https://togithub.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES)
-
[https://github.com/rapier1/hpn-ssh/releases](https://togithub.com/rapier1/hpn-ssh/releases)
-
[https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/blob/develop/docs/changes.rst](https://togithub.com/ronf/asyncssh/blob/develop/docs/changes.rst)
-
[https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/tags](https://togithub.com/ronf/asyncssh/tags)
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh)
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/releases/tag/v0.40.2](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/releases/tag/v0.40.2)
-
[https://gitlab.com/libssh/libssh-mirror/-/tags](https://gitlab.com/libssh/libssh-mirror/-/tags)
- [https://go.dev/cl/550715](https://go.dev/cl/550715)
- [https://go.dev/issue/64784](https://go.dev/issue/64784)
-
[https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/-n5WqVC18LQ](https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/-n5WqVC18LQ)
-
[https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg](https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg)
-
[https://help.panic.com/releasenotes/transmit5/](https://help.panic.com/releasenotes/transmit5/)
-
[https://jadaptive.com/important-java-ssh-security-update-new-ssh-vulnerability-discovered-cve-2023-48795/](https://jadaptive.com/important-java-ssh-security-update-new-ssh-vulnerability-discovered-cve-2023-48795/)
-
[https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00017.html](https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00017.html)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/33XHJUB6ROFUOH2OQNENFROTVH6MHSHA/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/33XHJUB6ROFUOH2OQNENFROTVH6MHSHA/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3CAYYW35MUTNO65RVAELICTNZZFMT2XS/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3CAYYW35MUTNO65RVAELICTNZZFMT2XS/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3YQLUQWLIHDB5QCXQEX7HXHAWMOKPP5O/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3YQLUQWLIHDB5QCXQEX7HXHAWMOKPP5O/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/APYIXIQOVDCRWLHTGB4VYMAUIAQLKYJ3/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/APYIXIQOVDCRWLHTGB4VYMAUIAQLKYJ3/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BL5KTLOSLH2KHRN4HCXJPK3JUVLDGEL6/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BL5KTLOSLH2KHRN4HCXJPK3JUVLDGEL6/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/C3AFMZ6MH2UHHOPIWT5YLSFV3D2VB3AC/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/C3AFMZ6MH2UHHOPIWT5YLSFV3D2VB3AC/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F7EYCFQCTSGJXWO3ZZ44MGKFC5HA7G3Y/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F7EYCFQCTSGJXWO3ZZ44MGKFC5HA7G3Y/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KMZCVGUGJZZVDPCVDA7TEB22VUCNEXDD/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KMZCVGUGJZZVDPCVDA7TEB22VUCNEXDD/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LZQVUHWVWRH73YBXUQJOD6CKHDQBU3DM/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LZQVUHWVWRH73YBXUQJOD6CKHDQBU3DM/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MKQRBF3DWMWPH36LBCOBUTSIZRTPEZXB/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MKQRBF3DWMWPH36LBCOBUTSIZRTPEZXB/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QI3EHAHABFQK7OABNCSF5GMYP6TONTI7/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QI3EHAHABFQK7OABNCSF5GMYP6TONTI7/)
-
[https://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/CHANGES](https://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/CHANGES)
-
[https://nest.pijul.com/pijul/thrussh/changes/D6H7OWTTMHHX6BTB3B6MNBOBX2L66CBL4LGSEUSAI2MCRCJDQFRQC](https://nest.pijul.com/pijul/thrussh/changes/D6H7OWTTMHHX6BTB3B6MNBOBX2L66CBL4LGSEUSAI2MCRCJDQFRQC)
-
[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38684904](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38684904)
-
[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38685286](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38685286)
-
[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38732005](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38732005)
- [https://nova.app/releases/#v11.8](https://nova.app/releases/#v11.8)
-
[https://oryx-embedded.com/download/#changelog](https://oryx-embedded.com/download/#changelog)
-
[https://roumenpetrov.info/secsh/#news20231220](https://roumenpetrov.info/secsh/#news20231220)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-48795](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-48795)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/libssh2](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/libssh2)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/proftpd-dfsg](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/proftpd-dfsg)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/trilead-ssh2](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/trilead-ssh2)
-
[https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-16](https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-16)
-
[https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-17](https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-17)
-
[https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240105-0004/](https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240105-0004/)
-
[https://thorntech.com/cve-2023-48795-and-sftp-gateway/](https://thorntech.com/cve-2023-48795-and-sftp-gateway/)
-
[https://twitter.com/TrueSkrillor/status/1736774389725565005](https://twitter.com/TrueSkrillor/status/1736774389725565005)
-
[https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-48795](https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-48795)
-
[https://winscp.net/eng/docs/history#6.2.2](https://winscp.net/eng/docs/history#6.2.2)
-
[https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-client-version-history#933](https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-client-version-history#933)
-
[https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-server-version-history](https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-server-version-history)
-
[https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/changes.html](https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/changes.html)
-
[https://www.crushftp.com/crush10wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update](https://www.crushftp.com/crush10wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update)
-
[https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5586](https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5586)
-
[https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5588](https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5588)
-
[https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-23:19.openssh.asc](https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-23:19.openssh.asc)
-
[https://www.lancom-systems.de/service-support/allgemeine-sicherheitshinweise#c243508](https://www.lancom-systems.de/service-support/allgemeine-sicherheitshinweise#c243508)
-
[https://www.netsarang.com/en/xshell-update-history/](https://www.netsarang.com/en/xshell-update-history/)
-
[https://www.openssh.com/openbsd.html](https://www.openssh.com/openbsd.html)
-
[https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6](https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6)
-
[https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/2](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/2)
-
[https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3)
-
[https://www.paramiko.org/changelog.html](https://www.paramiko.org/changelog.html)
-
[https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/18idv52/cve202348795_why_is_this_cve_still_undisclosed/](https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/18idv52/cve202348795_why_is_this_cve_still_undisclosed/)
-
[https://www.suse.com/c/suse-addresses-the-ssh-v2-protocol-terrapin-attack-aka-cve-2023-48795/](https://www.suse.com/c/suse-addresses-the-ssh-v2-protocol-terrapin-attack-aka-cve-2023-48795/)
- [https://www.terrapin-attack.com](https://www.terrapin-attack.com)
-
[https://www.theregister.com/2023/12/20/terrapin_attack_ssh](https://www.theregister.com/2023/12/20/terrapin_attack_ssh)
-
[https://www.vandyke.com/products/securecrt/history.txt](https://www.vandyke.com/products/securecrt/history.txt)
-
[http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176280/Terrapin-SSH-Connection-Weakening.html](http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176280/Terrapin-SSH-Connection-Weakening.html)
-
[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/3](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/3)
-
[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/19/5](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/19/5)
-
[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3)

This data is provided by
[OSV](https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8) and the [GitHub
Advisory Database](https://togithub.com/github/advisory-database)
([CC-BY
4.0](https://togithub.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/LICENSE.md)).
</details>

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