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CVE-2023-48795 / Terrapin Attack #81

Closed
carnil opened this issue Dec 19, 2023 · 2 comments · Fixed by #82
Closed

CVE-2023-48795 / Terrapin Attack #81

carnil opened this issue Dec 19, 2023 · 2 comments · Fixed by #82

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@carnil
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carnil commented Dec 19, 2023

Hi

tinyssh seems prone to the Terrapin Attack (CVE-2023-48795) as well.

Details on: https://terrapin-attack.com/

Testing a recent version:

================================================================================
==================================== Report ====================================
================================================================================

Remote Banner: SSH-2.0-tinyssh_20230101-3 cWKeTzJf

ChaCha20-Poly1305 support:   true
CBC-EtM support:             false

Strict key exchange support: false

==> The scanned peer is VULNERABLE to Terrapin.

Note: This tool is provided as is, with no warranty whatsoever. It determines
      the vulnerability of a peer by checking the supported algorithms and
      support for strict key exchange. It may falsely claim a peer to be
      vulnerable if the vendor supports countermeasures other than strict key
      exchange.

For more details visit our website available at https://terrapin-attack.com
@janmojzis
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implementation [email protected]: #82

@janmojzis
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janmojzis commented Dec 21, 2023

'Terrapin Attack' allows the attacker MITM attack,
when they can drop some SSH packets without the server noticing it.

The worst impact of the attack for SSH key-exchange protocol is
that the attacker can drop some extension SSH packets such as EXT_INFO
and downgrade the connection's security.

Tinyssh does not support any such extension,
so downgrade attack is simply impossible by design.
And even if attacker injects some packet drops,
it will reach that the connection will be at most interrupted.

In summary,
Tinyssh can't be exploited throughout this vulnerability,
but SSH key-exchange design is vulnerable.
Openssh developers released an 'strict-key' key exchange
[email protected] (and [email protected]
for the client) which solves this problem.
In TinySSH implemented here:
#82
and will be included in the next release 20240101.

renovate bot added a commit to sheldonhull/az-pr that referenced this issue Dec 25, 2023
[![Mend
Renovate](https://app.renovatebot.com/images/banner.svg)](https://renovatebot.com)

This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Change | Age | Adoption | Passing | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| golang.org/x/crypto | `v0.16.0` -> `v0.17.0` |
[![age](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/age/go/golang.org%2fx%2fcrypto/v0.17.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
|
[![adoption](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/adoption/go/golang.org%2fx%2fcrypto/v0.17.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
|
[![passing](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/compatibility/go/golang.org%2fx%2fcrypto/v0.16.0/v0.17.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
|
[![confidence](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/confidence/go/golang.org%2fx%2fcrypto/v0.16.0/v0.17.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
|

copilot:all

### GitHub Vulnerability Alerts

####
[CVE-2023-48795](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/security/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)

### Summary

Terrapin is a prefix truncation attack targeting the SSH protocol. More
precisely, Terrapin breaks the integrity of SSH's secure channel. By
carefully adjusting the sequence numbers during the handshake, an
attacker can remove an arbitrary amount of messages sent by the client
or server at the beginning of the secure channel without the client or
server noticing it.

### Mitigations

To mitigate this protocol vulnerability, OpenSSH suggested a so-called
"strict kex" which alters the SSH handshake to ensure a
Man-in-the-Middle attacker cannot introduce unauthenticated messages as
well as convey sequence number manipulation across handshakes.

**Warning: To take effect, both the client and server must support this
countermeasure.**

As a stop-gap measure, peers may also (temporarily) disable the affected
algorithms and use unaffected alternatives like AES-GCM instead until
patches are available.

### Details

The SSH specifications of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@​openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected] MACs) are vulnerable against an arbitrary prefix
truncation attack (a.k.a. Terrapin attack). This allows for an extension
negotiation downgrade by stripping the SSH_MSG_EXT_INFO sent after the
first message after SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS, downgrading security, and disabling
attack countermeasures in some versions of OpenSSH. When targeting
Encrypt-then-MAC, this attack requires the use of a CBC cipher to be
practically exploitable due to the internal workings of the cipher mode.
Additionally, this novel attack technique can be used to exploit
previously unexploitable implementation flaws in a Man-in-the-Middle
scenario.

The attack works by an attacker injecting an arbitrary number of
SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages during the initial key exchange and consequently
removing the same number of messages just after the initial key exchange
has concluded. This is possible due to missing authentication of the
excess SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages and the fact that the implicit sequence
numbers used within the SSH protocol are only checked after the initial
key exchange.

In the case of ChaCha20-Poly1305, the attack is guaranteed to work on
every connection as this cipher does not maintain an internal state
other than the message's sequence number. In the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, practical exploitation requires the use of a CBC
cipher; while theoretical integrity is broken for all ciphers when using
this mode, message processing will fail at the application layer for CTR
and stream ciphers.

For more details see
[https://terrapin-attack.com](https://terrapin-attack.com).

### Impact

This attack targets the specification of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@​openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected]), which are widely adopted by well-known SSH
implementations and can be considered de-facto standard. These
algorithms can be practically exploited; however, in the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, we additionally require the use of a CBC cipher. As a
consequence, this attack works against all well-behaving SSH
implementations supporting either of those algorithms and can be used to
downgrade (but not fully strip) connection security in case SSH
extension negotiation (RFC8308) is supported. The attack may also enable
attackers to exploit certain implementation flaws in a man-in-the-middle
(MitM) scenario.

---

### Prefix Truncation Attack against ChaCha20-Poly1305 and
Encrypt-then-MAC aka Terrapin
[CVE-2023-48795](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795) /
[GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
/ [GO-2023-2402](https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-2402)

<details>
<summary>More information</summary>

#### Details
##### Summary

Terrapin is a prefix truncation attack targeting the SSH protocol. More
precisely, Terrapin breaks the integrity of SSH's secure channel. By
carefully adjusting the sequence numbers during the handshake, an
attacker can remove an arbitrary amount of messages sent by the client
or server at the beginning of the secure channel without the client or
server noticing it.

##### Mitigations

To mitigate this protocol vulnerability, OpenSSH suggested a so-called
"strict kex" which alters the SSH handshake to ensure a
Man-in-the-Middle attacker cannot introduce unauthenticated messages as
well as convey sequence number manipulation across handshakes.

**Warning: To take effect, both the client and server must support this
countermeasure.**

As a stop-gap measure, peers may also (temporarily) disable the affected
algorithms and use unaffected alternatives like AES-GCM instead until
patches are available.

##### Details

The SSH specifications of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@&#8203;openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected] MACs) are vulnerable against an arbitrary prefix
truncation attack (a.k.a. Terrapin attack). This allows for an extension
negotiation downgrade by stripping the SSH_MSG_EXT_INFO sent after the
first message after SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS, downgrading security, and disabling
attack countermeasures in some versions of OpenSSH. When targeting
Encrypt-then-MAC, this attack requires the use of a CBC cipher to be
practically exploitable due to the internal workings of the cipher mode.
Additionally, this novel attack technique can be used to exploit
previously unexploitable implementation flaws in a Man-in-the-Middle
scenario.

The attack works by an attacker injecting an arbitrary number of
SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages during the initial key exchange and consequently
removing the same number of messages just after the initial key exchange
has concluded. This is possible due to missing authentication of the
excess SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages and the fact that the implicit sequence
numbers used within the SSH protocol are only checked after the initial
key exchange.

In the case of ChaCha20-Poly1305, the attack is guaranteed to work on
every connection as this cipher does not maintain an internal state
other than the message's sequence number. In the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, practical exploitation requires the use of a CBC
cipher; while theoretical integrity is broken for all ciphers when using
this mode, message processing will fail at the application layer for CTR
and stream ciphers.

For more details see
[https://terrapin-attack.com](https://terrapin-attack.com).

##### Impact

This attack targets the specification of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@&#8203;openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected]), which are widely adopted by well-known SSH
implementations and can be considered de-facto standard. These
algorithms can be practically exploited; however, in the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, we additionally require the use of a CBC cipher. As a
consequence, this attack works against all well-behaving SSH
implementations supporting either of those algorithms and can be used to
downgrade (but not fully strip) connection security in case SSH
extension negotiation (RFC8308) is supported. The attack may also enable
attackers to exploit certain implementation flaws in a man-in-the-middle
(MitM) scenario.

#### Severity
- CVSS Score: 5.9 / 10 (Medium)
- Vector String: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N`

#### References
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/security/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/security/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
-
[https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795)
-
[apache/mina-sshd#445
-
[hierynomus/sshj#916
-
[janmojzis/tinyssh#81
-
[mwiede/jsch#457
-
[paramiko/paramiko#2337
-
[proftpd/proftpd#456
-
[NixOS/nixpkgs#275249
-
[libssh2/libssh2#1291
-
[mwiede/jsch#461
-
[https://github.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/commit/7279fbd6ef4d0c8bdd6a90af4ada2899d786eec0](https://togithub.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/commit/7279fbd6ef4d0c8bdd6a90af4ada2899d786eec0)
-
[https://github.com/connectbot/sshlib/commit/5c8b534f6e97db7ac0e0e579331213aa25c173ab](https://togithub.com/connectbot/sshlib/commit/5c8b534f6e97db7ac0e0e579331213aa25c173ab)
-
[https://github.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d](https://togithub.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d)
-
[https://github.com/jtesta/ssh-audit/commit/8e972c5e94b460379fe0c7d20209c16df81538a5](https://togithub.com/jtesta/ssh-audit/commit/8e972c5e94b460379fe0c7d20209c16df81538a5)
-
[https://github.com/mscdex/ssh2/commit/97b223f8891b96d6fc054df5ab1d5a1a545da2a3](https://togithub.com/mscdex/ssh2/commit/97b223f8891b96d6fc054df5ab1d5a1a545da2a3)
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/commit/1aa340a7df1d5be1c0f4a9e247aade76dfdd2951](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/commit/1aa340a7df1d5be1c0f4a9e247aade76dfdd2951)
-
[https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-48795](https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-48795)
-
[https://arstechnica.com/security/2023/12/hackers-can-break-ssh-channel-integrity-using-novel-data-corruption-attack/](https://arstechnica.com/security/2023/12/hackers-can-break-ssh-channel-integrity-using-novel-data-corruption-attack/)
- [https://bugs.gentoo.org/920280](https://bugs.gentoo.org/920280)
-
[https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2254210](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2254210)
-
[https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1217950](https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1217950)
-
[https://crates.io/crates/thrussh/versions](https://crates.io/crates/thrussh/versions)
-
[https://forum.netgate.com/topic/184941/terrapin-ssh-attack](https://forum.netgate.com/topic/184941/terrapin-ssh-attack)
-
[https://git.libssh.org/projects/libssh.git/commit/?h=stable-0.10&id=10e09e273f69e149389b3e0e5d44b8c221c2e7f6](https://git.libssh.org/projects/libssh.git/commit/?h=stable-0.10&id=10e09e273f69e149389b3e0e5d44b8c221c2e7f6)
-
[https://github.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/releases/tag/v5.1](https://togithub.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/releases/tag/v5.1)
-
[https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
-
[https://github.com/connectbot/sshlib/compare/2.2.21...2.2.22](https://togithub.com/connectbot/sshlib/compare/2.2.21...2.2.22)
-
[https://github.com/drakkan/sftpgo/releases/tag/v2.5.6](https://togithub.com/drakkan/sftpgo/releases/tag/v2.5.6)
-
[https://github.com/erlang/otp/blob/d1b43dc0f1361d2ad67601169e90a7fc50bb0369/lib/ssh/doc/src/notes.xml#L39-L42](https://togithub.com/erlang/otp/blob/d1b43dc0f1361d2ad67601169e90a7fc50bb0369/lib/ssh/doc/src/notes.xml#L39-L42)
-
[https://github.com/erlang/otp/releases/tag/OTP-26.2.1](https://togithub.com/erlang/otp/releases/tag/OTP-26.2.1)
-
[https://github.com/mkj/dropbear/blob/17657c36cce6df7716d5ff151ec09a665382d5dd/CHANGES#L25](https://togithub.com/mkj/dropbear/blob/17657c36cce6df7716d5ff151ec09a665382d5dd/CHANGES#L25)
-
[https://github.com/mwiede/jsch/compare/jsch-0.2.14...jsch-0.2.15](https://togithub.com/mwiede/jsch/compare/jsch-0.2.14...jsch-0.2.15)
-
[https://github.com/net-ssh/net-ssh/blob/2e65064a52d73396bfc3806c9196fc8108f33cd8/CHANGES.txt#L14-L16](https://togithub.com/net-ssh/net-ssh/blob/2e65064a52d73396bfc3806c9196fc8108f33cd8/CHANGES.txt#L14-L16)
-
[https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commits/master](https://togithub.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commits/master)
-
[https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/0a7ea9b0ba9fcdf368374a226370d08f10397d99/RELEASE_NOTES](https://togithub.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/0a7ea9b0ba9fcdf368374a226370d08f10397d99/RELEASE_NOTES)
-
[https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/d21e7a2e47e9b38f709bec58e3fa711f759ad0e1/RELEASE_NOTES](https://togithub.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/d21e7a2e47e9b38f709bec58e3fa711f759ad0e1/RELEASE_NOTES)
-
[https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES](https://togithub.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES)
-
[https://github.com/rapier1/hpn-ssh/releases](https://togithub.com/rapier1/hpn-ssh/releases)
-
[https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/blob/develop/docs/changes.rst](https://togithub.com/ronf/asyncssh/blob/develop/docs/changes.rst)
-
[https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/tags](https://togithub.com/ronf/asyncssh/tags)
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh)
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/releases/tag/v0.40.2](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/releases/tag/v0.40.2)
-
[https://gitlab.com/libssh/libssh-mirror/-/tags](https://gitlab.com/libssh/libssh-mirror/-/tags)
- [https://go.dev/cl/550715](https://go.dev/cl/550715)
- [https://go.dev/issue/64784](https://go.dev/issue/64784)
-
[https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/-n5WqVC18LQ](https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/-n5WqVC18LQ)
-
[https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg](https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg)
-
[https://jadaptive.com/important-java-ssh-security-update-new-ssh-vulnerability-discovered-cve-2023-48795/](https://jadaptive.com/important-java-ssh-security-update-new-ssh-vulnerability-discovered-cve-2023-48795/)
-
[https://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/CHANGES](https://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/CHANGES)
-
[https://nest.pijul.com/pijul/thrussh/changes/D6H7OWTTMHHX6BTB3B6MNBOBX2L66CBL4LGSEUSAI2MCRCJDQFRQC](https://nest.pijul.com/pijul/thrussh/changes/D6H7OWTTMHHX6BTB3B6MNBOBX2L66CBL4LGSEUSAI2MCRCJDQFRQC)
-
[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38684904](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38684904)
-
[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38685286](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38685286)
-
[https://oryx-embedded.com/download/#changelog](https://oryx-embedded.com/download/#changelog)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-48795](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-48795)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/libssh2](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/libssh2)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/proftpd-dfsg](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/proftpd-dfsg)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/trilead-ssh2](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/trilead-ssh2)
-
[https://thorntech.com/cve-2023-48795-and-sftp-gateway/](https://thorntech.com/cve-2023-48795-and-sftp-gateway/)
-
[https://twitter.com/TrueSkrillor/status/1736774389725565005](https://twitter.com/TrueSkrillor/status/1736774389725565005)
-
[https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-48795](https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-48795)
-
[https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-server-version-history](https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-server-version-history)
-
[https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/changes.html](https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/changes.html)
-
[https://www.crushftp.com/crush10wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update](https://www.crushftp.com/crush10wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update)
-
[https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-23:19.openssh.asc](https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-23:19.openssh.asc)
-
[https://www.netsarang.com/en/xshell-update-history/](https://www.netsarang.com/en/xshell-update-history/)
-
[https://www.openssh.com/openbsd.html](https://www.openssh.com/openbsd.html)
-
[https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6](https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6)
-
[https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/2](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/2)
-
[https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3)
-
[https://www.paramiko.org/changelog.html](https://www.paramiko.org/changelog.html)
-
[https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/18idv52/cve202348795_why_is_this_cve_still_undisclosed/](https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/18idv52/cve202348795_why_is_this_cve_still_undisclosed/)
-
[https://www.suse.com/c/suse-addresses-the-ssh-v2-protocol-terrapin-attack-aka-cve-2023-48795/](https://www.suse.com/c/suse-addresses-the-ssh-v2-protocol-terrapin-attack-aka-cve-2023-48795/)
- [https://www.terrapin-attack.com](https://www.terrapin-attack.com)
-
[http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176280/Terrapin-SSH-Connection-Weakening.html](http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176280/Terrapin-SSH-Connection-Weakening.html)
-
[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/3](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/3)
-
[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/19/5](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/19/5)
-
[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3)

This data is provided by
[OSV](https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8) and the [GitHub
Advisory Database](https://togithub.com/github/advisory-database)
([CC-BY
4.0](https://togithub.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/LICENSE.md)).
</details>

---

### Man-in-the-middle attacker can compromise integrity of secure
channel in golang.org/x/crypto
[CVE-2023-48795](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795) /
[GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
/ [GO-2023-2402](https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-2402)

<details>
<summary>More information</summary>

#### Details
A protocol weakness allows a MITM attacker to compromise the integrity
of the secure channel before it is established, allowing the attacker to
prevent transmission of a number of messages immediately after the
secure channel is established without either side being aware.

The impact of this attack is relatively limited, as it does not
compromise confidentiality of the channel. Notably this attack would
allow an attacker to prevent the transmission of the SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO
message, disabling a handful of newer security features.

This protocol weakness was also fixed in OpenSSH 9.6.

#### Severity
Unknown

#### References
- [https://go.dev/issue/64784](https://go.dev/issue/64784)
- [https://go.dev/cl/550715](https://go.dev/cl/550715)
-
[https://github.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d](https://togithub.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d)
-
[https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg](https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg)
-
[https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6](https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6)

This data is provided by
[OSV](https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2023-2402) and the [Go
Vulnerability Database](https://togithub.com/golang/vulndb) ([CC-BY
4.0](https://togithub.com/golang/vulndb#license)).
</details>

---

### Configuration

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schedule defined).

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♻ **Rebasing**: Whenever PR is behind base branch, or you tick the
rebase/retry checkbox.

🔕 **Ignore**: Close this PR and you won't be reminded about this update
again.

---

- [ ] <!-- rebase-check -->If you want to rebase/retry this PR, check
this box

---

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This PR contains the following updates:

| Package | Change | Age | Adoption | Passing | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| golang.org/x/crypto | `v0.14.0` -> `v0.17.0` |
[![age](https://developer.mend.io/api/mc/badges/age/go/golang.org%2fx%2fcrypto/v0.17.0?slim=true)](https://docs.renovatebot.com/merge-confidence/)
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|
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|

### GitHub Vulnerability Alerts

####
[CVE-2023-48795](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/security/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)

### Summary

Terrapin is a prefix truncation attack targeting the SSH protocol. More
precisely, Terrapin breaks the integrity of SSH's secure channel. By
carefully adjusting the sequence numbers during the handshake, an
attacker can remove an arbitrary amount of messages sent by the client
or server at the beginning of the secure channel without the client or
server noticing it.

### Mitigations

To mitigate this protocol vulnerability, OpenSSH suggested a so-called
"strict kex" which alters the SSH handshake to ensure a
Man-in-the-Middle attacker cannot introduce unauthenticated messages as
well as convey sequence number manipulation across handshakes.

**Warning: To take effect, both the client and server must support this
countermeasure.**

As a stop-gap measure, peers may also (temporarily) disable the affected
algorithms and use unaffected alternatives like AES-GCM instead until
patches are available.

### Details

The SSH specifications of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@&#8203;openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected] MACs) are vulnerable against an arbitrary prefix
truncation attack (a.k.a. Terrapin attack). This allows for an extension
negotiation downgrade by stripping the SSH_MSG_EXT_INFO sent after the
first message after SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS, downgrading security, and disabling
attack countermeasures in some versions of OpenSSH. When targeting
Encrypt-then-MAC, this attack requires the use of a CBC cipher to be
practically exploitable due to the internal workings of the cipher mode.
Additionally, this novel attack technique can be used to exploit
previously unexploitable implementation flaws in a Man-in-the-Middle
scenario.

The attack works by an attacker injecting an arbitrary number of
SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages during the initial key exchange and consequently
removing the same number of messages just after the initial key exchange
has concluded. This is possible due to missing authentication of the
excess SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages and the fact that the implicit sequence
numbers used within the SSH protocol are only checked after the initial
key exchange.

In the case of ChaCha20-Poly1305, the attack is guaranteed to work on
every connection as this cipher does not maintain an internal state
other than the message's sequence number. In the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, practical exploitation requires the use of a CBC
cipher; while theoretical integrity is broken for all ciphers when using
this mode, message processing will fail at the application layer for CTR
and stream ciphers.

For more details see
[https://terrapin-attack.com](https://terrapin-attack.com).

### Impact

This attack targets the specification of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@&#8203;openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected]), which are widely adopted by well-known SSH
implementations and can be considered de-facto standard. These
algorithms can be practically exploited; however, in the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, we additionally require the use of a CBC cipher. As a
consequence, this attack works against all well-behaving SSH
implementations supporting either of those algorithms and can be used to
downgrade (but not fully strip) connection security in case SSH
extension negotiation (RFC8308) is supported. The attack may also enable
attackers to exploit certain implementation flaws in a man-in-the-middle
(MitM) scenario.

---

### Man-in-the-middle attacker can compromise integrity of secure
channel in golang.org/x/crypto
[CVE-2023-48795](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795) /
[GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
/ [GO-2023-2402](https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-2402)

<details>
<summary>More information</summary>

#### Details
A protocol weakness allows a MITM attacker to compromise the integrity
of the secure channel before it is established, allowing the attacker to
prevent transmission of a number of messages immediately after the
secure channel is established without either side being aware.

The impact of this attack is relatively limited, as it does not
compromise confidentiality of the channel. Notably this attack would
allow an attacker to prevent the transmission of the SSH2_MSG_EXT_INFO
message, disabling a handful of newer security features.

This protocol weakness was also fixed in OpenSSH 9.6.

#### Severity
Unknown

#### References
- [https://go.dev/issue/64784](https://go.dev/issue/64784)
- [https://go.dev/cl/550715](https://go.dev/cl/550715)
-
[https://github.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d](https://togithub.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d)
-
[https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg](https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg)
-
[https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6](https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6)

This data is provided by
[OSV](https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GO-2023-2402) and the [Go
Vulnerability Database](https://togithub.com/golang/vulndb) ([CC-BY
4.0](https://togithub.com/golang/vulndb#license)).
</details>

---

### Prefix Truncation Attack against ChaCha20-Poly1305 and
Encrypt-then-MAC aka Terrapin
[CVE-2023-48795](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795) /
[GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
/ [GO-2023-2402](https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2023-2402)

<details>
<summary>More information</summary>

#### Details
##### Summary

Terrapin is a prefix truncation attack targeting the SSH protocol. More
precisely, Terrapin breaks the integrity of SSH's secure channel. By
carefully adjusting the sequence numbers during the handshake, an
attacker can remove an arbitrary amount of messages sent by the client
or server at the beginning of the secure channel without the client or
server noticing it.

##### Mitigations

To mitigate this protocol vulnerability, OpenSSH suggested a so-called
"strict kex" which alters the SSH handshake to ensure a
Man-in-the-Middle attacker cannot introduce unauthenticated messages as
well as convey sequence number manipulation across handshakes.

**Warning: To take effect, both the client and server must support this
countermeasure.**

As a stop-gap measure, peers may also (temporarily) disable the affected
algorithms and use unaffected alternatives like AES-GCM instead until
patches are available.

##### Details

The SSH specifications of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@&#8203;openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected] MACs) are vulnerable against an arbitrary prefix
truncation attack (a.k.a. Terrapin attack). This allows for an extension
negotiation downgrade by stripping the SSH_MSG_EXT_INFO sent after the
first message after SSH_MSG_NEWKEYS, downgrading security, and disabling
attack countermeasures in some versions of OpenSSH. When targeting
Encrypt-then-MAC, this attack requires the use of a CBC cipher to be
practically exploitable due to the internal workings of the cipher mode.
Additionally, this novel attack technique can be used to exploit
previously unexploitable implementation flaws in a Man-in-the-Middle
scenario.

The attack works by an attacker injecting an arbitrary number of
SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages during the initial key exchange and consequently
removing the same number of messages just after the initial key exchange
has concluded. This is possible due to missing authentication of the
excess SSH_MSG_IGNORE messages and the fact that the implicit sequence
numbers used within the SSH protocol are only checked after the initial
key exchange.

In the case of ChaCha20-Poly1305, the attack is guaranteed to work on
every connection as this cipher does not maintain an internal state
other than the message's sequence number. In the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, practical exploitation requires the use of a CBC
cipher; while theoretical integrity is broken for all ciphers when using
this mode, message processing will fail at the application layer for CTR
and stream ciphers.

For more details see
[https://terrapin-attack.com](https://terrapin-attack.com).

##### Impact

This attack targets the specification of ChaCha20-Poly1305
(chacha20-poly1305@&#8203;openssh.com) and Encrypt-then-MAC
(*[email protected]), which are widely adopted by well-known SSH
implementations and can be considered de-facto standard. These
algorithms can be practically exploited; however, in the case of
Encrypt-Then-MAC, we additionally require the use of a CBC cipher. As a
consequence, this attack works against all well-behaving SSH
implementations supporting either of those algorithms and can be used to
downgrade (but not fully strip) connection security in case SSH
extension negotiation (RFC8308) is supported. The attack may also enable
attackers to exploit certain implementation flaws in a man-in-the-middle
(MitM) scenario.

#### Severity
- CVSS Score: 5.9 / 10 (Medium)
- Vector String: `CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N`

#### References
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/security/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/security/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
-
[https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795)
-
[PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH#2189
-
[apache/mina-sshd#445
-
[cyd01/KiTTY#520
-
[hierynomus/sshj#916
-
[janmojzis/tinyssh#81
-
[mwiede/jsch#457
-
[paramiko/paramiko#2337
-
[proftpd/proftpd#456
-
[ssh-mitm/ssh-mitm#165
-
[NixOS/nixpkgs#275249
-
[libssh2/libssh2#1291
-
[mwiede/jsch#461
-
[https://github.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/commit/7279fbd6ef4d0c8bdd6a90af4ada2899d786eec0](https://togithub.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/commit/7279fbd6ef4d0c8bdd6a90af4ada2899d786eec0)
-
[https://github.com/connectbot/sshlib/commit/5c8b534f6e97db7ac0e0e579331213aa25c173ab](https://togithub.com/connectbot/sshlib/commit/5c8b534f6e97db7ac0e0e579331213aa25c173ab)
-
[https://github.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d](https://togithub.com/golang/crypto/commit/9d2ee975ef9fe627bf0a6f01c1f69e8ef1d4f05d)
-
[https://github.com/jtesta/ssh-audit/commit/8e972c5e94b460379fe0c7d20209c16df81538a5](https://togithub.com/jtesta/ssh-audit/commit/8e972c5e94b460379fe0c7d20209c16df81538a5)
-
[https://github.com/mscdex/ssh2/commit/97b223f8891b96d6fc054df5ab1d5a1a545da2a3](https://togithub.com/mscdex/ssh2/commit/97b223f8891b96d6fc054df5ab1d5a1a545da2a3)
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/commit/1aa340a7df1d5be1c0f4a9e247aade76dfdd2951](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/commit/1aa340a7df1d5be1c0f4a9e247aade76dfdd2951)
-
[https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-48795](https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-48795)
-
[https://arstechnica.com/security/2023/12/hackers-can-break-ssh-channel-integrity-using-novel-data-corruption-attack/](https://arstechnica.com/security/2023/12/hackers-can-break-ssh-channel-integrity-using-novel-data-corruption-attack/)
- [https://bugs.gentoo.org/920280](https://bugs.gentoo.org/920280)
-
[https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2254210](https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2254210)
-
[https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1217950](https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1217950)
-
[https://crates.io/crates/thrussh/versions](https://crates.io/crates/thrussh/versions)
-
[https://filezilla-project.org/versions.php](https://filezilla-project.org/versions.php)
-
[https://forum.netgate.com/topic/184941/terrapin-ssh-attack](https://forum.netgate.com/topic/184941/terrapin-ssh-attack)
-
[https://git.libssh.org/projects/libssh.git/commit/?h=stable-0.10&id=10e09e273f69e149389b3e0e5d44b8c221c2e7f6](https://git.libssh.org/projects/libssh.git/commit/?h=stable-0.10&id=10e09e273f69e149389b3e0e5d44b8c221c2e7f6)
-
[https://github.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/releases/tag/v9.5.0.0p1-Beta](https://togithub.com/PowerShell/Win32-OpenSSH/releases/tag/v9.5.0.0p1-Beta)
-
[https://github.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/releases/tag/v5.1](https://togithub.com/TeraTermProject/teraterm/releases/tag/v5.1)
-
[https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8](https://togithub.com/advisories/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8)
-
[https://github.com/connectbot/sshlib/compare/2.2.21...2.2.22](https://togithub.com/connectbot/sshlib/compare/2.2.21...2.2.22)
-
[https://github.com/drakkan/sftpgo/releases/tag/v2.5.6](https://togithub.com/drakkan/sftpgo/releases/tag/v2.5.6)
-
[https://github.com/erlang/otp/blob/d1b43dc0f1361d2ad67601169e90a7fc50bb0369/lib/ssh/doc/src/notes.xml#L39-L42](https://togithub.com/erlang/otp/blob/d1b43dc0f1361d2ad67601169e90a7fc50bb0369/lib/ssh/doc/src/notes.xml#L39-L42)
-
[https://github.com/erlang/otp/releases/tag/OTP-26.2.1](https://togithub.com/erlang/otp/releases/tag/OTP-26.2.1)
-
[https://github.com/mkj/dropbear/blob/17657c36cce6df7716d5ff151ec09a665382d5dd/CHANGES#L25](https://togithub.com/mkj/dropbear/blob/17657c36cce6df7716d5ff151ec09a665382d5dd/CHANGES#L25)
-
[https://github.com/mwiede/jsch/compare/jsch-0.2.14...jsch-0.2.15](https://togithub.com/mwiede/jsch/compare/jsch-0.2.14...jsch-0.2.15)
-
[https://github.com/net-ssh/net-ssh/blob/2e65064a52d73396bfc3806c9196fc8108f33cd8/CHANGES.txt#L14-L16](https://togithub.com/net-ssh/net-ssh/blob/2e65064a52d73396bfc3806c9196fc8108f33cd8/CHANGES.txt#L14-L16)
-
[https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commits/master](https://togithub.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commits/master)
-
[https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/0a7ea9b0ba9fcdf368374a226370d08f10397d99/RELEASE_NOTES](https://togithub.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/0a7ea9b0ba9fcdf368374a226370d08f10397d99/RELEASE_NOTES)
-
[https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/d21e7a2e47e9b38f709bec58e3fa711f759ad0e1/RELEASE_NOTES](https://togithub.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/d21e7a2e47e9b38f709bec58e3fa711f759ad0e1/RELEASE_NOTES)
-
[https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES](https://togithub.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTES)
-
[https://github.com/rapier1/hpn-ssh/releases](https://togithub.com/rapier1/hpn-ssh/releases)
-
[https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/blob/develop/docs/changes.rst](https://togithub.com/ronf/asyncssh/blob/develop/docs/changes.rst)
-
[https://github.com/ronf/asyncssh/tags](https://togithub.com/ronf/asyncssh/tags)
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh)
-
[https://github.com/warp-tech/russh/releases/tag/v0.40.2](https://togithub.com/warp-tech/russh/releases/tag/v0.40.2)
-
[https://gitlab.com/libssh/libssh-mirror/-/tags](https://gitlab.com/libssh/libssh-mirror/-/tags)
- [https://go.dev/cl/550715](https://go.dev/cl/550715)
- [https://go.dev/issue/64784](https://go.dev/issue/64784)
-
[https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/-n5WqVC18LQ](https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/-n5WqVC18LQ)
-
[https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg](https://groups.google.com/g/golang-announce/c/qA3XtxvMUyg)
-
[https://help.panic.com/releasenotes/transmit5/](https://help.panic.com/releasenotes/transmit5/)
-
[https://jadaptive.com/important-java-ssh-security-update-new-ssh-vulnerability-discovered-cve-2023-48795/](https://jadaptive.com/important-java-ssh-security-update-new-ssh-vulnerability-discovered-cve-2023-48795/)
-
[https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00017.html](https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00017.html)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/33XHJUB6ROFUOH2OQNENFROTVH6MHSHA/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/33XHJUB6ROFUOH2OQNENFROTVH6MHSHA/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3CAYYW35MUTNO65RVAELICTNZZFMT2XS/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3CAYYW35MUTNO65RVAELICTNZZFMT2XS/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3YQLUQWLIHDB5QCXQEX7HXHAWMOKPP5O/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/3YQLUQWLIHDB5QCXQEX7HXHAWMOKPP5O/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/APYIXIQOVDCRWLHTGB4VYMAUIAQLKYJ3/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/APYIXIQOVDCRWLHTGB4VYMAUIAQLKYJ3/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BL5KTLOSLH2KHRN4HCXJPK3JUVLDGEL6/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BL5KTLOSLH2KHRN4HCXJPK3JUVLDGEL6/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/C3AFMZ6MH2UHHOPIWT5YLSFV3D2VB3AC/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/C3AFMZ6MH2UHHOPIWT5YLSFV3D2VB3AC/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F7EYCFQCTSGJXWO3ZZ44MGKFC5HA7G3Y/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/F7EYCFQCTSGJXWO3ZZ44MGKFC5HA7G3Y/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KMZCVGUGJZZVDPCVDA7TEB22VUCNEXDD/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/KMZCVGUGJZZVDPCVDA7TEB22VUCNEXDD/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LZQVUHWVWRH73YBXUQJOD6CKHDQBU3DM/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LZQVUHWVWRH73YBXUQJOD6CKHDQBU3DM/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MKQRBF3DWMWPH36LBCOBUTSIZRTPEZXB/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/MKQRBF3DWMWPH36LBCOBUTSIZRTPEZXB/)
-
[https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QI3EHAHABFQK7OABNCSF5GMYP6TONTI7/](https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QI3EHAHABFQK7OABNCSF5GMYP6TONTI7/)
-
[https://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/CHANGES](https://matt.ucc.asn.au/dropbear/CHANGES)
-
[https://nest.pijul.com/pijul/thrussh/changes/D6H7OWTTMHHX6BTB3B6MNBOBX2L66CBL4LGSEUSAI2MCRCJDQFRQC](https://nest.pijul.com/pijul/thrussh/changes/D6H7OWTTMHHX6BTB3B6MNBOBX2L66CBL4LGSEUSAI2MCRCJDQFRQC)
-
[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38684904](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38684904)
-
[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38685286](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38685286)
-
[https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38732005](https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38732005)
- [https://nova.app/releases/#v11.8](https://nova.app/releases/#v11.8)
-
[https://oryx-embedded.com/download/#changelog](https://oryx-embedded.com/download/#changelog)
-
[https://roumenpetrov.info/secsh/#news20231220](https://roumenpetrov.info/secsh/#news20231220)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-48795](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/CVE-2023-48795)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/libssh2](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/libssh2)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/proftpd-dfsg](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/proftpd-dfsg)
-
[https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/trilead-ssh2](https://security-tracker.debian.org/tracker/source-package/trilead-ssh2)
-
[https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-16](https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-16)
-
[https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-17](https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-17)
-
[https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240105-0004/](https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240105-0004/)
-
[https://thorntech.com/cve-2023-48795-and-sftp-gateway/](https://thorntech.com/cve-2023-48795-and-sftp-gateway/)
-
[https://twitter.com/TrueSkrillor/status/1736774389725565005](https://twitter.com/TrueSkrillor/status/1736774389725565005)
-
[https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-48795](https://ubuntu.com/security/CVE-2023-48795)
-
[https://winscp.net/eng/docs/history#6.2.2](https://winscp.net/eng/docs/history#6.2.2)
-
[https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-client-version-history#933](https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-client-version-history#933)
-
[https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-server-version-history](https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-server-version-history)
-
[https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/changes.html](https://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/changes.html)
-
[https://www.crushftp.com/crush10wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update](https://www.crushftp.com/crush10wiki/Wiki.jsp?page=Update)
-
[https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5586](https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5586)
-
[https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5588](https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5588)
-
[https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-23:19.openssh.asc](https://www.freebsd.org/security/advisories/FreeBSD-SA-23:19.openssh.asc)
-
[https://www.lancom-systems.de/service-support/allgemeine-sicherheitshinweise#c243508](https://www.lancom-systems.de/service-support/allgemeine-sicherheitshinweise#c243508)
-
[https://www.netsarang.com/en/xshell-update-history/](https://www.netsarang.com/en/xshell-update-history/)
-
[https://www.openssh.com/openbsd.html](https://www.openssh.com/openbsd.html)
-
[https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6](https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6)
-
[https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/2](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/2)
-
[https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3](https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3)
-
[https://www.paramiko.org/changelog.html](https://www.paramiko.org/changelog.html)
-
[https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/18idv52/cve202348795_why_is_this_cve_still_undisclosed/](https://www.reddit.com/r/sysadmin/comments/18idv52/cve202348795_why_is_this_cve_still_undisclosed/)
-
[https://www.suse.com/c/suse-addresses-the-ssh-v2-protocol-terrapin-attack-aka-cve-2023-48795/](https://www.suse.com/c/suse-addresses-the-ssh-v2-protocol-terrapin-attack-aka-cve-2023-48795/)
- [https://www.terrapin-attack.com](https://www.terrapin-attack.com)
-
[https://www.theregister.com/2023/12/20/terrapin_attack_ssh](https://www.theregister.com/2023/12/20/terrapin_attack_ssh)
-
[https://www.vandyke.com/products/securecrt/history.txt](https://www.vandyke.com/products/securecrt/history.txt)
-
[http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176280/Terrapin-SSH-Connection-Weakening.html](http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176280/Terrapin-SSH-Connection-Weakening.html)
-
[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/3](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/3)
-
[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/19/5](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/19/5)
-
[http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3](http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3)

This data is provided by
[OSV](https://osv.dev/vulnerability/GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8) and the [GitHub
Advisory Database](https://togithub.com/github/advisory-database)
([CC-BY
4.0](https://togithub.com/github/advisory-database/blob/main/LICENSE.md)).
</details>

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