A great piece from Vicki, an Automattic engineer on rotation at Tumblr, about the ritual of deploying code to production! 🚢
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PHP 7 at Tumblr
At Tumblr, we’re always looking for new ways to improve the performance of the site. This means things like adding caching to heavily used codepaths, testing out new CDN configurations, or upgrading underlying software.
Recently, in a cross-team effort, we upgraded our full web server fleet from PHP 5 to PHP 7. The whole upgrade was a fun project with some very cool results, so we wanted to share it with you.
Timeline
It all started as a hackday project in the fall of 2015. @oli and @trav got Tumblr running on one of the PHP 7 release candidates. At this point in time, quite a few PHP extensions did not have support for version 7 yet, but there were unofficial forks floating around with (very) experimental support. Nevertheless, it actually ran!
This spring, things were starting to get more stable and we decided it was time to start looking in to upgrading more closely. One of the first things we did was package the new version up so that installation would be easy and consistent. In parallel, we ported our in-house PHP extensions to the new version so everything would be ready and available from the get-go.
A small script was written that would upgrade (or downgrade) a developer’s server. Then, during the late spring and the summer, tests were run (more on this below), PHP package builds iterated on and performance measured and evaluated. As things stabilized we started roping in more developers to do their day-to-day work on PHP 7-enabled machines.
Finally, in the end of August we felt confident in our testing and rolled PHP 7 out to a small percentage of our production servers. Two weeks later, after incrementally ramping up, every server responding to user requests was updated!
Testing
When doing upgrades like this it’s of course very important to test everything to make sure that the code behaves in the same way, and we had a couple of approaches to this.
Phan. In this project, we used it to find code in our codebase that would be incompatible with PHP 7. It made it very easy to find the low-hanging fruit and fix those issues.
We also have a suite of unit and integration tests that helped a lot in identifying what wasn’t working the way it used to. And since normal development continued alongside this project, we needed to make sure no new code was added that wasn’t PHP 7-proof, so we set up our CI tasks to run all tests on both PHP 5 and PHP 7.
Results
So at the end of this rollout, what were the final results? Well, two things stand out as big improvements for us; performance and language features.
Performance
When we rolled PHP 7 out to the first batch of servers we obviously kept a very close eye at the various graphs we have to make sure things are running smoothly. As we mentioned above, we were looking for performance improvements, but the real-world result was striking. Almost immediately saw the latency drop by half, and the CPU load on the servers decrease at least 50%, often more. Not only were our servers serving pages twice as fast, they were doing it using half the amount of CPU resources.
These are graphs from one of the servers that handle our API. As you can see, the latency dropped to less than half, and the load average at peak is now lower than it’s previous lowest point!
Language features
PHP 7 also brings a lot of fun new features that can make the life of the developers at Tumblr a bit easier. Some highlights are:
- Scalar type hints: PHP has historically been fairly poor for type safety, PHP 7 introduces scalar type hints which ensures values passed around conform to specific types (string, bool, int, float, etc).
- Return type declarations: Now, with PHP 7, functions can have explicit return types that the language will enforce. This reduces the need for some boilerplate code and manually checking the return values from functions.
- Anonymous classes: Much like anonymous functions (closures), anonymous classes are constructed at runtime and can simulate a class, conforming to interfaces and even extending other classes. These are great for utility objects like logging classes and useful in unit tests.
- Various security & performance enhancements across the board.
Summary
PHP 7 is pretty rad!
This summer the engineering team at Tumblr got to work with some amazing Interns. We asked each of them to share their experiences and tell you a little bit about the projects they worked on. Here is the first in a series of upcoming intern profiles.
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Tumblr Summer Intern: Iain Nash
This summer I interned at Tumblr as a front end web engineer working with the discovery team. I had amazing opportunities here to build awesome things that many people see, but more important, to work with a creative and dynamic team, and be able to contribute to Tumblr. Additionally, I loved spending the summer in New York - really is an exciting place to be.
I started off getting setup with my own development box and similar access to full time employees at Tumblr. While I started off with smaller projects to get to know the codebase and team, I quickly started getting bigger and bigger projects. It was really overwhelming at first to deploy the tumblr.com codebase within the first week I was here, going from only writing tiny things to a site as big as Tumblr.
The first big project I worked on was making a new logged out tag page. Throughout the summer, I was mostly mentored by Johnny Benson, who really helped me out with how things are done and constant creative and practical decisions involving my work. I also worked with Tag Savage for many of the design changes I was working on. It was always fun for me to hear “if this isn’t too hard to do…,” and be able to make a proof-of-concept by the day’s end. In fact, the current tag page design started off as refinements to a current tag page, then grew into a bigger project when I took these suggestions on. The layout of this page is rather unique - smart sliding rows, and it took a good deal of code to make it work properly.
I also had the opportunity to clean up and improve on some of the already stunning login and register views. These pages were mostly complete, just needing some design and code tweaks. It was a bit nerve wracking deploying these pages as there was a chance I could have missed something and would break login. Most of the changes I made were on the backend PHP, so that going out without a hitch was great for me.
I really enjoyed the other interns at tumblr this summer - previously, I would be the only intern at a company, now I had other interns working with me. Going to lunch, exploring the city was always fun with the other interns.
Now, it is time for me to head back to school at the University of Southern California, and face the homework, the time crunches, and the assignments once again. Seeing Tumblr grow and change over the past few months was a cool experience, and I’m glad I was able to be a part of it.
– Iain
One distinguishing feature of Automattic’s work culture is a team rotation, through which an individual can move from one team to another. A rotation can happen for a few reasons: to “try out” a new role and gain new skills, to backfill an understaffed team, or to cultivate cross-pollination and diversity across the company. Some rotations are several months long, while others may turn into a permanent team switch.
Tumblr, which is part of Automattic, is currently hiring data scientists and search engineers and machine learning engineers. Thanks to this system of rotations, last year we were able to fill a few of these positions, on the Tumblr Core Data Science team, internally. This team contributes to Tumblr recommendation systems, discovery feeds, targeted push notifications, user-interest profiling, and computational advertisement. Team members work on designing, developing, and maintaining large-scale machine learning algorithms, data pipelines, and backend services to connect users with the content they love. Our data infrastructure is built on top of open source big data frameworks such as Apache Spark and Scalding, orchestrated by Apache Airflow and with a PHP backend layer.
In this post, Adam and Vicki, two Automatticians who experienced a rotation onto the team, tell us about their work in data, their rotations, and being part of Automattic.
Very cool stuff! 👏 Give it a read.
Tumblr Hack Day, December 2021 Edition
It was Hack Day once again at Tumblr! A couple of times per year we grind everything to a halt and spend 24 hours working on whatever we want and see how far we can get with our hacks. Here are some of the projects that got made for Hack Day! Some of these things you may end up seeing on the site…
Twitch Embeds
Wesley hacked together the ability to post Twitch streams to Tumblr! These can be live streams or clips.
Tumblr to Discord
@cyle put together a very simple webhook integration between Tumblr and Discord so you can send events about your blog to a Discord server:
Custom Tumblr logos on mobile
@mlu, @dakotairene, and friends hacked together the ability for us to put custom Tumblr logos in the mobile apps’ dashboard tab bar, like we do on the web!
Tumblr Time Machine
Lucila constructed an elaborate Tumblr Time Machine, so you can filter search results to a specific year:
Stay tuned to the @changes blog to see if any of these hacks make it on Tumblr for real!
(GIF by @jjjjjjjjjjohn )
Tumblr Hack Week, September 2021 Edition
It was HACK WEEK at Tumblr and Automattic earlier this month! Just like back in June, we stopped our normal work to focus on some great possible new features, some bug fixing, and more. Here’s a taste of some of the projects that got hacked together. Some of these will hopefully make it to be real new parts of Tumblr, but as always, we can’t guarantee anything here with a timeline or even that they’ll ever see the light of day again – they’re hacks!
Fixing Tag URL issues across Tumblr
L and @superchlorine are working on fixing a lot of issues about how we parse tags in URLs, so that we are more consistent across the web and the apps. This is something that we know has been frustrating for a long time: trying to search for posts tagged with a + sign or with spaces often doesn’t work as you’d expect. But not for much longer! We’ve been slowly fixing these issues one at a time and posting about it on the Changes blog.
Tumblr Ignite: pay to promote posts!
This actually carried over from a previous Hack Day: the ability to click a little 🔥 button on a post, throw down some cash, and promote that post as a Sponsored post across Tumblr. There’d be some kind of moderation queue on our side to ensure nothing unsafe gets sponsored in this way, and any sponsored post would be “frozen” and not editable during the time it’s being promoted. The Ads Core team, lead by @thstall with help from Argyris, Oleg, and Nathan took this pretty far towards being production-ready.
Bringing two-factor authentication settings to the mobile apps
We really want as many people as possible to protect their accounts by leveraging Two Factor Authentication, which you can currently enable by going to your account settings on the web. But it’d be even better to be able to access these settings in the mobile apps themselves! Megs, Adam, and Eduardo are still working to make this a reality.
The Return of Reblog Graphs
For those of you who remember this experiment in Tumblr Labs, this is a popup you can check out on posts which shows you a graph of all of the reblogs on a post and how they’re connected. This is one crazy way you can visualize how posts on Tumblr get reblogged around in huge chains and clusters! @cyle got a working React-based prototype working for Hack Week, and now we’re working to bring this back to the web for real.
Tumblr Fan Funding
Connie and the Post+ team built a prototype of Fan Funding on Tumblr, to help creators set a funding goal and get to that goal, using a lot of the same technology we used to create Post+.
Stay tuned to the @changes blog to find out if any of these end up becoming a part of Tumblr for real!
Tumblr Hack Day, June 2021 Edition
It was Hack Day again at Tumblr! A couple of times per year we grind everything to a halt and spend 24 hours working on whatever we want and see how far we can get with our hacks. Here are some of the projects that got made for Hack Day! Some of these things you may end up seeing on the site…
Timestamps on Posts
@superchlorine hacked the website to show timestamps on every post, reblog trail item, and note in the notes view. This is also already a popular XKit extension, and it’s easy to see why!
Mutual Love
Evgeniy hacked the Tumblr Android app to play a cute sound and animation whenever you follow someone who already follows you! Being mutuals on Tumblr is something special, and this celebrates it in such a cute way.
(This example uses this lovely kiss animation.)
Grid and Masonry View for the Dashboard
@cyle hacked the dashboard on web to view it in a grid format (like the Likes page on web) or a masonry format (like the Explore and Tagged pages on web). It creates a dense amount of information!
Post only to a Tagged Page
Tanya hacked the post editor to let you post directly to a tagged page! The posts made this way will only show up on that tagged page, and not your blog, or anywhere else. Great for folks that want to participate in a tag but not have it show up on their blog!
Mobile Rave Room
And it wouldn’t be a Tumblr Hack Day without a rave room hack: @oli took the rave room mobile and did a (completely not officially sponsored) DJ set in NYC and live streamed it.
Stay tuned to the @changes blog to see if any of these hacks make it on Tumblr for real!
Want to embed a tweet? Just paste the URL into a new link block on Tumblr. Or you can use the Share feature in other apps, like Twitter itself, to send the tweet URL to the Tumblr app.
You’ll get a perfect little screenshot of the tweet. You don’t have to flap your device around to help the image develop, but nobody is going to stop you.
Tumblr Hack Week, January 2024 Edition
Once again it was Hack Week (more than just a day!) at Tumblr!
This is getting repetitive in the best way. A couple of times per year
we slow down our normal work and spend a week working on scratching a
personal itch or features we want as user and see how far we can get
with our hacks. One thing from the last Hack Week in September made it all the way to a new experiment out to some testers: Tumblr Patio!
Here are some of the projects that got built for our most recent Hack Week in January. Some of these things you may also end up seeing on the site…
Spoiler text, spoiler blocks, and centered text!
This one is so obvious and amazing, it’s wild we don’t already have it. For Hack Week, Katie added the ability to select text in a paragraph to be hidden behind a wall of black that can be revealed with a tap. This can be super useful to hide spoilers. And even better: whole spoiler blocks. And while we’re here, the ability to center text!
A plethora of new default blog avatars
We haven’t updated our default avatars in several years. (Some of you may remember this one
from 10+ years ago.) They’re feeling a bit stale to us, so why not
update them? And while we’re at it… make a ton more variations! Paul
from the Tumblr Design team came up with a suite of new default avatars,
using our latest Tumblr color palette. Here’s a look at some of them, but there are actually many dozens more using different colors:
Notifications and emails about engagement on your posts
This one is for the folks on Tumblr who love numbers and their Activity
page. Daniel, @jesseatblr, and the Feeds & Machine Learning team
worked on some new notifications and emails we could send out to people
about how their posts have been doing lately on the platform, such as
how many views they’ve gotten, and by how many people. We already have
this available (and more) when you Blaze a post, but why not open it up
to more people? It’s really useful to the folks who use Tumblr to help
build an audience for their work!
A new way of navigating the web: the Command Palette
Some apps we use a lot have a “command palette” accessible via a
keyboard shortcut for quick keyboard-driven access to different parts of
the platform. For example, Slack and Discord have Command + K to access
their quick switchers to hop around conversations. What if Tumblr had
one? Kelly and Paul built one! Press Command/Control + K on Tumblr and
you can use your keyboard to jump to your blog, Activity, your recent
conversations, search, dozens of places!
As always, stay tuned to the @changes blog to see if any of these hacks make it on Tumblr for real!
Tumblr Hack Week, September 2023 Edition
Once again it was Hack Week (more than just a day!) at Tumblr! A couple of times per year we slow down our normal work and spend a week working on scratching a personal itch or features we want as user and see how far we can get with our hacks. One thing from the last Hack Day in March made it all the way to production: redesigning how direct messaging looks on Tumblr! Pretty cool!
Here are some of the projects that got made for this most recent Hack Week in September. Some of these things you may also end up seeing on the site…
Tumblr Patio
Maybe this will look familiar to you, but we love this idea of being able to organize Tumblr feeds into many “columns” side-by-side, creating a very dense but lively view of Tumblr. Lenny, Kelly, and Paul hacked this together, and we’re pretty excited to see where it’ll go. Each column can be a different feed on Tumblr, like For You, Following, your Activity, a specific blog, a search, Trending, even a Collection, so many possibilities!
Tumblr Booths
Meanwhile, a separate team of @autoplanes, Katie, @lex, Shaun, and Eve dug into the idea of selling digital and physical goods through blogs on Tumblr, leveraging our sibling platform WooCommerce! Blogs could put whatever they’d like for sale here, and have a dedicated space for it. We know there are so many amazing artists and artisans here who could use this to more easily sell their creations on Tumblr!
Avatar Frames/Hats
This one is a golden oldie, it keeps coming back hack day after hack day, and each time it gets even better. Santi and Maxime hacked together some example avatar “frames” and “hats” that folks on Tumblr could purchase for their blog. Maybe eventually people could create these and sell them or gift them to each other!
As always, stay tuned to the @changes blog to see if any of these hacks make it on Tumblr for real!