mdn · estelle · May 6, 2024 · May 4, 2024 · May 4, 2024 · May 4, 2024
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-Abstraction in {{Glossary("computer programming")}} is a way to reduce complexity and allow efficient design and implementation in complex software systems. It hides the technical complexity of systems behind simpler {{Glossary("API", "APIs")}}.
+**Abstraction** in {{Glossary("computer programming")}} is a way to reduce complexity and allow efficient design and implementation in complex software systems. It hides the technical complexity of systems behind simpler {{Glossary("API", "APIs")}}.
 
 ## Advantages of Data Abstraction
 

@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-_Web Accessibility_ (**A11Y**) refers to best practices for keeping a website usable despite physical and technical restrictions. Web accessibility is formally defined and discussed at the {{Glossary("W3C")}} through the {{Glossary("WAI","Web Accessibility Initiative")}} (WAI).
+**Accessibility** (**A11Y**) refers to best practices for keeping a website usable despite physical and technical restrictions. Web accessibility is formally defined and discussed at the {{Glossary("W3C")}} through the {{Glossary("WAI","Web Accessibility Initiative")}} (WAI).
 
 ## See also
 
-- [Accessibility resources at MDN](/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility)
-- [Learn accessibility on MDN](/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility)
-- [ARIA documentation on MDN](/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA)
-- [The WAI-ARIA recommendation](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/)
+- [Accessibility resources](/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility)
+- [Learn accessibility](/en-US/docs/Learn/Accessibility)
+- [ARIA documentation](/en-US/docs/Web/Accessibility/ARIA)
 - [Web accessibility](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_accessibility) on Wikipedia
-- [Web Accessibility In Mind](https://webaim.org/)
+- [The WAI-ARIA recommendation](https://www.w3.org/TR/wai-aria/)
 - [The W3C Web Accessibility Initiative](https://www.w3.org/WAI/)
+- [Web Accessibility In Mind](https://webaim.org/)
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-[Flash](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash) is an obsolete technology developed by Adobe for viewing expressive web applications, multimedia content, and streaming media.
+[**Flash**](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash) is an obsolete technology developed by Adobe for viewing expressive web applications, multimedia content, and streaming media.
 
 As of 2021, Flash is no longer supported by Adobe or any major web browsers.
 

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of features and rules that exist inside a software program (the application) enabling interaction with it through software - as opposed to a human user interface. The API can be seen as a simple contract (the interface) between the application offering it and other items, such as third-party software or hardware.
+An **API** (Application Programming Interface) is a set of features and rules that exist inside a software program (the application) enabling interaction with it through software - as opposed to a human user interface. The API can be seen as a simple contract (the interface) between the application offering it and other items, such as third-party software or hardware.
 
 In Web development, an API is generally a set of code features (e.g. {{glossary("method","methods")}}, {{Glossary("property","properties")}}, events, and {{Glossary("URL","URLs")}}) that a developer can use in their apps for interacting with components of a user's web browser, other software/hardware on the user's computer, or third-party websites and services.
 

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-[Safari](https://www.apple.com/safari/) is a {{Glossary("Browser","Web browser")}} developed by Apple and bundled with macOS, iPadOS, and iOS. It's based on the open-source [WebKit](https://webkit.org/) engine.
+[**Safari**](https://www.apple.com/safari/) is a {{Glossary("Browser","Web browser")}} developed by Apple and bundled with macOS, iPadOS, and iOS. It's based on the open-source [WebKit](https://webkit.org/) engine.
 
 ## See also
 

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-An _array_ is an ordered collection of data (either {{Glossary("primitive")}} or {{Glossary("object")}} depending upon the language). Arrays are used to store multiple values under a single variable name. A regular variable, on the other hand, can store only one value.
+An **array** is an ordered collection of data (either {{Glossary("primitive")}} or {{Glossary("object")}} depending upon the language). Arrays are used to store multiple values under a single variable name. A regular variable, on the other hand, can store only one value.
 
 Each item in an array has a number attached to it, called a numeric index, that allows you to access it. In JavaScript, arrays start at index zero and can be manipulated with various {{Glossary("Method", "methods")}}.
 
@@ -24,4 +24,4 @@ console.log(barbieDollNamesArray[2]); // output: "Midge"
 
 ## See also
 
-- JavaScript {{jsxref("Array")}} on MDN
+- JavaScript {{jsxref("Array")}}
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-ATAG (Authoring Tool {{glossary("Accessibility")}} Guidelines) is a {{Glossary("W3C")}} recommendation for building accessible-authoring tools that produce accessible contents.
+**ATAG** (Authoring Tool {{glossary("Accessibility")}} Guidelines) is a {{Glossary("W3C")}} recommendation for building accessible-authoring tools that produce accessible contents.
 
 ## See also
 

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-Bandwidth is the measure of how much information can pass through a data connection in a given amount of time. It is usually measured in multiples of bits-per-second (bps), for example megabits-per-second (Mbps) or gigabits-per-second (Gbps).
+**Bandwidth** is the measure of how much information can pass through a data connection in a given amount of time. It is usually measured in multiples of bits-per-second (bps), for example megabits-per-second (Mbps) or gigabits-per-second (Gbps).
 
 ## See also
 

@@ -14,5 +14,5 @@ East Asian scripts have no baseline; each glyph sits in a square box, with neith
 
 ## See also
 
+- [CSS Box Alignment](/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_box_alignment#types_of_alignment)
 - [Baseline (Typography)](<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseline_(typography)>) on Wikipedia
-- [CSS Box Alignment](/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/CSS_box_alignment#types_of_alignment) on MDN
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-Blink is an open-source browser rendering engine developed by Google as part of Chromium (and therefore part of {{glossary("Google Chrome", "Chrome")}} as well). Specifically, Blink began as a fork of the WebCore library in {{glossary("WebKit")}}, which handles layout, rendering, and {{glossary("DOM")}}, but now stands on its own as a separate {{glossary("rendering engine")}}.
+**Blink** is an open-source browser rendering engine developed by Google as part of Chromium (and therefore part of {{glossary("Google Chrome", "Chrome")}} as well). Specifically, Blink began as a fork of the WebCore library in {{glossary("WebKit")}}, which handles layout, rendering, and {{glossary("DOM")}}, but now stands on its own as a separate {{glossary("rendering engine")}}.
 
 ## See also
 

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-In {{glossary("JavaScript")}}, a block is a collection of related {{glossary("statement","statements")}} enclosed in braces ("{}"). For example, you can put a block of statements after an {{jsxref("Statements/if...else","if (condition)")}} block, indicating that the interpreter should run the code inside the block if the condition is true, or skip the whole block if the condition is false.
+In {{glossary("JavaScript")}}, a **block** is a collection of related {{glossary("statement","statements")}} enclosed in braces ("{}"). For example, you can put a block of statements after an {{jsxref("Statements/if...else","if (condition)")}} block, indicating that the interpreter should run the code inside the block if the condition is true, or skip the whole block if the condition is false.
 
 ## See also
 

@@ -6,6 +6,6 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-A block cipher mode of operation, usually just called a "mode" in context, specifies how a block cipher should be used to encrypt or decrypt messages that are longer than the block size.
+A **block cipher mode of operation**, usually just called a "mode" in context, specifies how a block cipher should be used to encrypt or decrypt messages that are longer than the block size.
 
 Most symmetric-key algorithms currently in use are block ciphers: this means that they encrypt data a block at a time. The size of each block is fixed and determined by the algorithm: for example AES uses 16-byte blocks. Block ciphers are always used with a _mode_, which specifies how to securely encrypt messages that are longer than the block size. For example, AES is a cipher, while CTR, CBC, and GCM are all modes. Using an inappropriate mode, or using a mode incorrectly, can completely undermine the security provided by the underlying cipher.
@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-The bounding box of an element is the smallest possible rectangle (aligned with the axes of that element's user coordinate system) that entirely encloses it and its descendants.
+The **bounding box** of an element is the smallest possible rectangle (aligned with the axes of that element's user coordinate system) that entirely encloses it and its descendants.
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-A buffer is a storage in physical memory used to temporarily store data while it is being transferred from one place to another.
+A **buffer** is a storage in physical memory used to temporarily store data while it is being transferred from one place to another.
 
 ## See also
 

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-CalDAV (Calendaring extensions to {{Glossary("WebDAV")}}) is a {{glossary("protocol")}} standardized by the {{Glossary("IETF")}} and used to remotely access calendar data from a {{glossary("server")}}.
+**CalDAV** (Calendaring extensions to {{Glossary("WebDAV")}}) is a {{glossary("protocol")}} standardized by the {{Glossary("IETF")}} and used to remotely access calendar data from a {{glossary("server")}}.
 
 ## See also
 

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-In CSS, canonical order is used to refer to the order in which separate values need to be specified (or {{Glossary("parse", "parsed")}}) or are to be {{Glossary("serialization", "serialized")}} as part of a CSS property value. It is defined by the formal {{Glossary("syntax")}} of the property and normally refers to the order in which longhand values should be specified as part of a single shorthand value.
+In CSS, **canonical order** is used to refer to the order in which separate values need to be specified (or {{Glossary("parse", "parsed")}}) or are to be {{Glossary("serialization", "serialized")}} as part of a CSS property value. It is defined by the formal {{Glossary("syntax")}} of the property and normally refers to the order in which longhand values should be specified as part of a single shorthand value.
 
 For example, {{cssxref("background")}} shorthand property values are made up of several `background-*` longhand properties. The canonical order of those longhand values is defined as
 
@@ -23,5 +23,5 @@ Furthermore, its syntax defines, that if a value for the {{cssxref("background-s
 
 ## See also
 
+- [The Description of the formal syntax used for CSS values](/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Value_definition_syntax)
 - [What does "canonical order" mean with respect to CSS properties?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28963536/what-does-canonical-order-mean-with-respect-to-css-properties) on Stack Overflow provides useful further discussion.
-- The [description of the formal syntax used for CSS values](/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Value_definition_syntax) on MDN
@@ -12,9 +12,9 @@ It is a low level, procedural model that updates a [bitmap](https://en.wikipedia
 
 ## See also
 
-- [Canvas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canvas_element) on Wikipedia
-- [The Canvas tutorial on MDN](/en-US/docs/Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial)
-- The HTML {{HTMLElement("canvas")}} element on MDN
-- [The Canvas general documentation on MDN](/en-US/docs/Web/API/Canvas_API)
+- [The Canvas tutorial](/en-US/docs/Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial)
+- The HTML {{HTMLElement("canvas")}} element
 - {{domxref("CanvasRenderingContext2D")}}: The canvas 2D drawing API
+- [The Canvas general documentation](/en-US/docs/Web/API/Canvas_API)
+- [Canvas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canvas_element) on Wikipedia
 - [The Canvas 2D API specification](https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/)
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-Card sorting is a simple technique used in {{glossary("Information architecture")}} whereby people involved in the design of a website (or other type of product) are invited to write down the content / services / features they feel the product should contain, and then organize those features into categories or groupings. This can be used for example to work out what should go on each page of a website. The name comes from the fact that often card sorting is carried out by literally writing the items to sort onto cards, and then arranging the cards into piles.
+**Card sorting** is a simple technique used in {{glossary("Information architecture")}} whereby people involved in the design of a website (or other type of product) are invited to write down the content / services / features they feel the product should contain, and then organize those features into categories or groupings. This can be used for example to work out what should go on each page of a website. The name comes from the fact that often card sorting is carried out by literally writing the items to sort onto cards, and then arranging the cards into piles.
 
 ## See also
 

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-A certificate authority (CA) is an organization that {{Glossary("Signature/Security", "signs")}} {{Glossary("Digital certificate", "digital certificates")}} and their associated {{Glossary("Key", "public keys")}}, thereby asserting that the contained information and keys are correct.
+A **certificate authority** (CA) is an organization that {{Glossary("Signature/Security", "signs")}} {{Glossary("Digital certificate", "digital certificates")}} and their associated {{Glossary("Key", "public keys")}}, thereby asserting that the contained information and keys are correct.
 
 For a website digital certificate, this information minimally includes the name of the organization that requested the digital certificate (e.g., Mozilla Corporation), the site that it is for (e.g., mozilla.org), and the certificate authority.
 

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-In security protocols, a _challenge_ is some data sent to the client by the server in order to generate a different response each time. Challenge-response protocols are one way to fight against {{glossary("replay attack", "replay attacks")}} where an attacker listens to the previous messages and resends them at a later time to get the same credentials as the original message.
+In security protocols, a **challenge** is some data sent to the client by the server in order to generate a different response each time. Challenge-response protocols are one way to fight against {{glossary("replay attack", "replay attacks")}} where an attacker listens to the previous messages and resends them at a later time to get the same credentials as the original message.
 
 The [HTTP authentication protocol](/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Authentication) is challenge-response based, though the "Basic" protocol isn't using a real challenge (the realm is always the same).
 

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-A _character_ is either a symbol (letters, numbers, punctuation) or non-printing "control" (e.g., carriage return or soft hyphen). {{glossary("UTF-8")}} is the most common character set and includes the graphemes of the most popular human languages.
+A **character** is either a symbol (letters, numbers, punctuation) or non-printing "control" (e.g., carriage return or soft hyphen). {{glossary("UTF-8")}} is the most common character set and includes the graphemes of the most popular human languages.
 
 ## See also
 

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-An encoding defines a mapping between bytes and text. A sequence of bytes allows for different textual interpretations. By specifying a particular encoding (such as UTF-8), we specify how the sequence of bytes is to be interpreted.
+An **character encoding** defines a mapping between bytes and text. A sequence of bytes allows for different textual interpretations. By specifying a particular encoding (such as UTF-8), we specify how the sequence of bytes is to be interpreted.
 
 For example, in HTML we normally declare a character encoding of UTF-8, using the following line:
 

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-In a browser, the chrome is any visible aspect of a browser aside from the webpages themselves (e.g., toolbars, menu bar, tabs). This is not to be confused with the {{glossary("Google Chrome")}} browser.
+In a browser, the **chrome** is any visible aspect of a browser aside from the webpages themselves (e.g., toolbars, menu bar, tabs). This is not to be confused with the {{glossary("Google Chrome")}} browser.
 
 ## See also
 

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) (also called the CIA triad or AIC triad) is a model that guides an organization's policies for information security.
+**CIA** (Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability) (also called the CIA triad or AIC triad) is a model that guides an organization's policies for information security.
 
 ## See also
 

@@ -6,9 +6,9 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-A cipher suite is a combination of a key exchange algorithm, authentication method, bulk encryption {{Glossary("cipher")}}, and message authentication code.
+**Cipher suite** is a combination of a key exchange algorithm, authentication method, bulk encryption {{Glossary("cipher")}}, and message authentication code.
 
-In a {{Glossary("cryptosystem")}} like {{Glossary("TLS")}}, the client and server must agree on a cipher suite before they can begin communicating securely. A typical cipher suite looks like ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 or ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256, indicating:
+In a crypto system like {{Glossary("TLS")}}, the client and server must agree on a cipher suite before they can begin communicating securely. A typical cipher suite looks like ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 or ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256, indicating:
 
 - ECDHE (elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman ephemeral) for key exchange
 - RSA for authentication

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ page-type: glossary-definition
 
 {{GlossarySidebar}}
 
-In {{glossary("cryptography")}}, a ciphertext is a scrambled message that conveys information but is not legible unless {{glossary("decryption","decrypted")}} with the right {{glossary("cipher")}} and the right secret (usually a {{glossary("key")}}), reproducing the original {{glossary("Plaintext")}}. A ciphertext's security, and therefore the secrecy of the contained information, depends on using a secure cipher and keeping the key secret.
+In {{glossary("cryptography")}}, **ciphertext** is a scrambled message that conveys information but is not legible unless {{glossary("decryption","decrypted")}} with the right {{glossary("cipher")}} and the right secret (usually a {{glossary("key")}}), reproducing the original {{glossary("Plaintext")}}. A ciphertext's security, and therefore the secrecy of the contained information, depends on using a secure cipher and keeping the key secret.
 
 ## See also