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This presentation outlines an estimation of the global electricity usage that can be ascribed to Communication Technology (CT) in the coming decade. The scope is two scenarios for use and production of consumer devices, communication networks and data centers. Two different scenarios— best and expected—are set up, which include annual numbers of so...
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... With the rapid development of 5G mobile communication, the Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence, and other applications, the construction scale and number of data centers are expanding [1]. According to the report, by the end of the third quarter of 2019, there were 504 hyperscale data centers [2] in the world, and this number will grow by 12-14% per year in the next five years [3]. The energy consumption of a data center is 40 times that of a typical office building [4]. ...
The cooling system is the auxiliary equipment that consumes the most energy in a data center, accounting for about 30 to 50% of the total energy consumption. In order to effectively reduce the energy consumption of a data center, it is very important to improve the heat exchange efficiency at the chip level. Compared with air cooling, single-phase cold plate liquid cooling, and immersion liquid cooling, the flat loop heat pipe (FLHP) is considered to be a better chip-level cooling solution for data centers. It has extremely high heat transfer efficiency and heat flux variability, and it can avoid the operation risk caused by liquid entering the server. In this paper, a FLHP with an evaporator designed with a “Tesla valve” flow channel configuration is developed. Experiments on the FLHP are carried out, focusing on the installation angles and cooling condition factors. The results show that an inclination angle of 20° is the critical point of the influence of gravity on the performance of the FLHP; to ensure good operation of the FLHP, the installation angle should be greater than 20°. The equivalent heat transfer coefficients of the FLHP condenser under different cooling conditions are calculated. It is found that water cooling can provide higher cooling heat transfer coefficients with lower energy consumption and operating noise. Additionally, the heat transfer limit, operating temperature uniformity, and start-up stability of the FLHP are significantly improved under water cooling conditions. The maximum heat load of the FLHP is up to 230 W, and the temperature difference of the evaporator surface can be controlled within 0.5 °C, under 20 °C water cooling. Finally, using the FLHP for thermal management of the chip, its heat transfer efficiency is 166 and 41% higher than that of air cooling and water cooling, respectively.
... The bad news is, every four years, this energy requirement is getting doubled and the total energy requirement of the data centres, globally, will increase threefold in the next decade. By 2025, data centres are expected to use 20% of the world's energy [39]. The efficiency of the data centre is measured in terms of PUE. ...
... Cloud data centres consume huge energy, causing significant carbon emissions. It is estimated that by 2025, the data centre will share 25% of total global energy consumption [39]. And, they already account for nearly 2% of total global greenhouse gas emissions. ...
The effects of environmental pollution and global warming have become a reality and severe. In addition to other causes, wide adoption and huge demands for computational resources have aggravated it significantly. The production process of the computing devices involves hazardous and toxic substances which not only harm human and other living beings’ health but also contaminate the water and soil. The production and operations of these computers on a large scale also result in massive energy consumption and greenhouse gas generation. Moreover, the low use cycle of these devices produces a huge amount of not easy-to-decompose e-waste. In this outlook, instead of buying new devices, it is advisable to use the existing resources to their fullest, which will minimize the environmental penalties of production and e-waste. In this study, we advocate for mobile crowd computing (MCC) to ease off the use of centralized high-performance computers (HPCs) such as data centres and supercomputers by utilising SMDs (smart mobile devices) as computing devices. We envision establishing MCC as the most feasible computing system solution for sustainable computing. Successful real-world implementation of MCC involves several challenges. In this study, we primarily focus on resource management. We devised a methodological and structured approach for resource profiling. We present the resource selection problem as an MCDM (multi-criteria decision making) problem and compared five MCDM approaches of dissimilar families to find the appropriate methodology for dynamic resource selection in MCC. To improve the overall performance of MCC, we present two scheduling algorithms, considering different objectives such as makespan, resource utilisation, load balance, and energy efficiency. We propose a deep learning based resource availability prediction to minimise the job offloading in a local MCC. We further propose a mobility-aware resource provisioning scheme for a P2P MCC. Finally, we present a proof-of-concept of the proposed MCC model as a working prototype. For this, we consider a smart HVAC (heating, ventilation, and cooling) system in a multistorey building and use MCC as a local edge computing infrastructure. The successful implementation of the prototype proves the feasibility and potential of MCC as alternative sustainable computing.
... With the rapid development of digital information industries, DCs have been widely employed to meet various data processing demands [7]. According to a report by the Synergy Research Group, by the end of the third quarter of 2019, there were 504 hyperscale DCs worldwide [8], and another report has predicted that this number will increase by 12-14% annually over the next five years [9]. Data centers typically involve high energy consumption. ...
Cooling systems can effectively enable information and communication technology (ICT) equipment to utilize power more efficiently in data centers (DCs). Two-phase cooling provides a potential method to cool CPUs and other electronics and involves submerging them in a thermal conductive dielectric liquid or coolant. In this study, an innovative cooling structure and a two-phase immersion cooling system procedure are presented. The CPU is directly submerged in an engineered fluid, and an experimental test is conducted to obtain the boiling heat transfer and energy consumption data. A prediction equation for saturated boiling HTC in the pool, based on the influence of the characteristics of the heat transfer surface of the CPU and the physical parameters, is proposed. The average partial power usage effectiveness (pPUE) value of the proposed system is 1.036, indicating a significantly improved energy conservation effect compared to conventional air cooling systems. Studies have shown that direct-touch heat dissipation is suitable for supercomputer server CPU heat dissipation with low heat flux density, while for high-density CPU heat dissipation, it is easy to reach the maximum temperature limit of the CPU, thereby reducing the CPU frequency.
... More than 50% of the electricity utilized in data centers is used by the IT equipment and around 40% by the cooling system. The total data center electricity consumption was about 2-2.5% of the electricity worldwide in 2019 and expected to be around 8%-9% in the next decade [26,27]. Today, about 3 kW of the total power within the server's power consumption is generated as waste heat, which has been dramatically increasing due to an increase of high power electronic components [28]. ...
A fundamental limit of current radiative cooling systems is that only the top surface facing deep-space can provide the radiative cooling effect, while the bottom surface cannot. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a concept of “concentrated radiative cooling” by nesting a radiative cooling system in a mid-infrared reflective trough, so that the lower surface, which does not contribute to radiative cooling in previous systems, can radiate heat to deep-space via the reflective trough. Field experiments show that the temperature drop of a radiative cooling pipe with the trough is more than double that of the standalone radiative cooling pipe. Furthermore, by integrating the concentrated radiative cooling system as a preconditioner in an air conditioning system, we predict electricity savings of >75% in Phoenix, AZ, and >80% in Reno, NV, for a single-story commercial building.
... The power consumption in the ICT sector is growing continuously and is in line with the exponential data traffic increase. A study in 2017 (Anders, 2017) about ICT power consumption over the 5-year period of 2007-2012 found that the combined electricity consumption of communication networks, personal computers, and data centers is growing at a rate of nearly 7% per year (i.e., doubling every 10 years). ...
... 28 A 2017 update to this paper noted that by 2025, data centres could account for 3.2 percent of global carbon emissions. 29 A 2020 study measuring energy use against compute demand, from 2010 to 2018, noted a 6-percent increase in energy use. 30 Global data centre energy use, it further found, accounted for 1 percent of global electricity consumption, which-for comparison-is more than the total electricity consumption of a country like Thailand. ...
The mainstreaming of AI and allied emerging technologies will be an emissions-intensive process. At the same time, AI capacity in terms of R&D, investment, data, and infrastructure is currently skewed, focused within a handful of countries, primarily in the developed West. This report examines the interplay of global inequities in AI and climate change, and concludes with recommendations.
... Although AI has a great potential to minimize consumption and make grid-related efficiency optimized, it will still be a major consumer of electricity. According to research, data centers now require more than 2% of the world's electricity (Pearce, 2018), and scientists predict that, by 2025, this amount is expected to grow between 8% and 21% (Andrae and Edler, 2015;Andrae, 2017;Giles, 2019). A study by Belkhir and Elmeligi (2018) indicates that the estimated global footprint in 2020 may be compared to the impact of the aviation industry and greater than that of Japan (the fifth largest pollutant in the world). ...
The aim of the article is to study the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in solving current issues of climate change, environmental protection and natural resources management. The advantages and threats of using AI for the development of political and legal parameters for ensuring the safe and effective implementation of technological system, as well as ensuring sustainable control over its functioning and development trends, are analyzed. The relevance of the topic is substantiated by the fact that the legislative basis in this area is at the early stage of formation, while the scale of the impact of AI on all the aspects of social life may be impossible to accurately foresee. A special attention is paid to the analysis of the legal regulation of these issues in the context of European Union and Ukraine. The present work is one of the few that addresses three issues: climate change, the growing influence of artificial intelligence, and the possibility of legal regulation of the use of AI to solve urgent environmental problems without threatening the fundamental human rights and freedoms.
... Subsequently, power consumed by the information and communication technology (ICT) equipment deployed in these network systems also increases every year. Total global ICT power consumption in 2015 is around 1700TWh and is expected to be 2788 to 5860TWh by 2025 [1]. In order to support the computing infrastructure, each data center requires a few MW of power, a very large data center requires 10 MW of power. ...
With the dominating utility of the internet, it becomes critical to manage the efficiency and reliability of telecom and datacenter, as the power consumption of the involved equipment also increases. Much power being wasted through the power conversion stages by converting AC voltage to DC voltage and then stepping down to lower voltages to connect to information and communication technology (ICT) equipment. 48/12 VDC is the standard DC bus architecture to serve the end utility equipment. This voltage level is further processed to multiple lower voltages to power up the internal auxiliary circuits. Power losses are involved when it is converted from higher voltage to lower voltages. Therefore, the efficiency of power conversion is lower. There is a need to increase the efficiency by minimizing the power losses which occur due to the conversion stages. Different methods are available to increase the efficiency of a system by optimizing the converter topologies, semiconductor materials and control methods. There is another possibility of increasing the efficiency by changing the architecture of a system by increasing the DC bus voltage to higher voltages to optimize the losses. This paper presents a review of available high voltage options for telecom power distribution and developments, implementations and challenges across the world.
... These impacts even induced public discussions about the necessity to introduce an unconditional basic income (Die Zeit 2015). • Planet: The billions of connected devices, communication infrastructures, and data centers require electricity in their usage and resources and energy for their production (Andrae 2017). The greenhouse gas emissions produced by these processes are comparable to those of air traffic today. ...
To achieve long-term business success, purpose for associates, and acceptance in today’s societies, business leaders must keep a close eye on social and environmental dimensions in addition to the prerequisite of attaining adequate profits. This is especially true during times of major technological transformations. A fascinating breakthrough technology pushing such a transformation is artificial intelligence (AI). AI has great potential to make devices intelligent in the Internet of Things (IoT)—referred to as AIoT. In this chapter, we evaluate how a sustainable AIoT supports the three interrelated dimensions of profit, people, and planet.
... For example, ICT technology can be used to forecast energy consumption. Andre describes the case of total consumer power forecasting using ITC methods [69]. ...
Leadership competencies are of crucial importance in every organisation as to a large extent they determine its success. This is especially evident in the time of Industry 4.0. Given this fact, the aim of our paper is to examine the relationship between leadership competencies and 4.0 leadership effectiveness. The heat and power plants industry was chosen as the subject of our research. The fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fs/QCA) was used as the research method. It enabled us not only to analyse particular variables, competences, and typical statistical relations between them, but we also revealed the patterns of causal relationships between particular variables. The key finding of our research was the juxtaposition of leadership competencies that are indispensable for 4.0 leaders in the CHP plants. We also found out that managerial competencies were not sufficient, and they should be supported by intellectual or socio-emotional ones.
