src/bigquery.ts

/*!
 * Copyright 2019 Google LLC
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

import {
  ApiError,
  Service,
  DecorateRequestOptions,
  GoogleAuthOptions,
  util,
} from '@google-cloud/common';
import * as common from '@google-cloud/common';
import {paginator, ResourceStream} from '@google-cloud/paginator';
import {promisifyAll} from '@google-cloud/promisify';
import {PreciseDate} from '@google-cloud/precise-date';
import arrify = require('arrify');
import * as Big from 'big.js';
import * as extend from 'extend';
import * as is from 'is';
import * as uuid from 'uuid';

import {Dataset, DatasetOptions} from './dataset';
import {Job, JobOptions, QueryResultsOptions} from './job';
import {
  Table,
  TableField,
  TableSchema,
  TableRow,
  TableRowField,
  JobCallback,
  JobResponse,
  RowMetadata,
} from './table';
import {GoogleErrorBody} from '@google-cloud/common/build/src/util';
import bigquery from './types';
import {logger, setLogFunction} from './logger';

// Third-Party Re-exports
export {common};

export interface RequestCallback<T> {
  (err: Error | null, response?: T | null): void;
}

export interface ResourceCallback<T, R> {
  (err: Error | null, resource?: T | null, response?: R | null): void;
}

export type PagedResponse<T, Q, R> = [T[]] | [T[], Q | null, R];
export interface PagedCallback<T, Q, R> {
  (
    err: Error | null,
    resource?: T[] | null,
    nextQuery?: Q | null,
    response?: R | null
  ): void;
}

export type JobRequest<J> = J & {
  jobId?: string;
  jobPrefix?: string;
  location?: string;
  projectId?: string;
};

export type PagedRequest<P> = P & {
  autoPaginate?: boolean;
  maxApiCalls?: number;
};

export type QueryRowsResponse = PagedResponse<
  RowMetadata,
  Query,
  bigquery.IGetQueryResultsResponse
>;
export type QueryRowsCallback = PagedCallback<
  RowMetadata,
  Query,
  bigquery.IGetQueryResultsResponse
>;

export type SimpleQueryRowsResponse = [RowMetadata[], bigquery.IJob];
export type SimpleQueryRowsCallback = ResourceCallback<
  RowMetadata[],
  bigquery.IJob
>;

export type Query = JobRequest<bigquery.IJobConfigurationQuery> & {
  destination?: Table;
  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
  params?: any[] | {[param: string]: any};
  dryRun?: boolean;
  labels?: {[label: string]: string};
  types?: QueryParamTypes;
  job?: Job;
  maxResults?: number;
  jobTimeoutMs?: number;
  pageToken?: string;
  wrapIntegers?: boolean | IntegerTypeCastOptions;
  parseJSON?: boolean;
};

export type QueryParamTypeStruct = {
  [type: string]:
    | string
    | string[]
    | QueryParamTypeStruct
    | QueryParamTypeStruct[];
};
export type QueryParamTypes =
  | string[]
  | string[][]
  | QueryParamTypeStruct
  | QueryParamTypeStruct[];

export type QueryOptions = QueryResultsOptions;
export type QueryStreamOptions = {
  wrapIntegers?: boolean | IntegerTypeCastOptions;
  parseJSON?: boolean;
};
export type DatasetResource = bigquery.IDataset & {
  projectId?: string;
};
export type ValueType = bigquery.IQueryParameterType;

export type GetDatasetsOptions = PagedRequest<bigquery.datasets.IListParams> & {
  projectId?: string;
};

export type DatasetsResponse = PagedResponse<
  Dataset,
  GetDatasetsOptions,
  bigquery.IDatasetList
>;
export type DatasetsCallback = PagedCallback<
  Dataset,
  GetDatasetsOptions,
  bigquery.IDatasetList
>;

export type DatasetResponse = [Dataset, bigquery.IDataset];
export type DatasetCallback = ResourceCallback<Dataset, bigquery.IDataset>;

export type GetJobsOptions = PagedRequest<bigquery.jobs.IListParams>;
export type GetJobsResponse = PagedResponse<
  Job,
  GetJobsOptions,
  bigquery.IJobList
>;
export type GetJobsCallback = PagedCallback<
  Job,
  GetJobsOptions,
  bigquery.IJobList
>;

export type JobsQueryResponse = [Job, bigquery.IQueryResponse];
export type JobsQueryCallback = ResourceCallback<Job, bigquery.IQueryResponse>;

export interface BigQueryTimeOptions {
  hours?: number | string;
  minutes?: number | string;
  seconds?: number | string;
  fractional?: number | string;
}

export interface BigQueryDateOptions {
  year?: number | string;
  month?: number | string;
  day?: number | string;
}

export interface BigQueryDatetimeOptions {
  year?: string | number;
  month?: string | number;
  day?: string | number;
  hours?: string | number;
  minutes?: string | number;
  seconds?: string | number;
  fractional?: string | number;
}

export type ProvidedTypeArray = Array<ProvidedTypeStruct | string | []>;

export interface ProvidedTypeStruct {
  [key: string]: string | ProvidedTypeArray | ProvidedTypeStruct;
}

export type QueryParameter = bigquery.IQueryParameter;
export type ParameterMode = bigquery.IJobConfigurationQuery['parameterMode'];

export interface BigQueryOptions extends GoogleAuthOptions {
  /**
   * Automatically retry requests if the
   * response is related to rate limits or certain intermittent server errors.
   * We will exponentially backoff subsequent requests by default.
   *
   * Defaults to `true`.
   */
  autoRetry?: boolean;
  /**
   * Maximum number of automatic retries
   * attempted before returning the error.
   *
   * Defaults to 3.
   */
  maxRetries?: number;

  /**
   * The geographic location of all datasets and
   * jobs referenced and created through the client.
   */
  location?: string;
  /**
   * The value to be prepended to the User-Agent
   * header in API requests.
   */
  userAgent?: string;
  /**
   * The API endpoint of the service used to make requests.
   * Defaults to `bigquery.googleapis.com`.
   */
  apiEndpoint?: string;

  /**
   * The Trusted Cloud Domain (TPC) DNS of the service used to make requests.
   * Defaults to `googleapis.com`.
   */
  universeDomain?: string;
}

export interface IntegerTypeCastOptions {
  integerTypeCastFunction: Function;
  fields?: string | string[];
}

export type IntegerTypeCastValue = {
  integerValue: string | number;
  schemaFieldName?: string;
};

export const PROTOCOL_REGEX = /^(\w*):\/\//;

/**
 * @typedef {object} BigQueryOptions
 * @property {string} [projectId] The project ID from the Google Developer's
 *     Console, e.g. 'grape-spaceship-123'. We will also check the environment
 *     variable `GCLOUD_PROJECT` for your project ID. If your app is running in
 *     an environment which supports {@link
 * https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production#providing_credentials_to_your_application
 * Application Default Credentials}, your project ID will be detected
 * automatically.
 * @property {string} [keyFilename] Full path to the a .json, .pem, or .p12 key
 *     downloaded from the Google Developers Console. If you provide a path to a
 *     JSON file, the `projectId` option above is not necessary. NOTE: .pem and
 *     .p12 require you to specify the `email` option as well.
 * @property {string} [token] An OAUTH access token. If provided, we will not
 *     manage fetching, re-using, and re-minting access tokens.
 * @property {string} [email] Account email address. Required when using a .pem
 *     or .p12 keyFilename.
 * @property {object} [credentials] Credentials object.
 * @property {string} [credentials.client_email]
 * @property {string} [credentials.private_key]
 * @property {Constructor} [promise] Custom promise module to use instead of
 *     native Promises.
 * @property {string[]} [scopes] Additional OAuth scopes to use in requests. For
 *     example, to access an external data source, you may need the
 *     `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive.readonly` scope.
 */

/**
 * In the following examples from this page and the other modules (`Dataset`,
 * `Table`, etc.), we are going to be using a dataset from
 * {@link http://goo.gl/f2SXcb| data.gov} of higher education institutions.
 *
 * We will create a table with the correct schema, import the public CSV file
 * into that table, and query it for data.
 *
 * This client supports enabling query-related preview features via environmental
 * variables.  By setting the environment variable QUERY_PREVIEW_ENABLED to the string
 * "TRUE", the client will enable preview features, though behavior may still be
 * controlled via the bigquery service as well.  Currently, the feature(s) in scope
 * include: stateless queries (query execution without corresponding job metadata).
 *
 * @class
 *
 * See {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/what-is-bigquery| What is BigQuery?}
 *
 * @param {BigQueryOptions} options Constructor options.
 *
 * @example Install the client library with <a href="https://www.npmjs.com/">npm</a>:
 * ```
 * npm install @google-cloud/bigquery
 *
 * ```
 * @example Import the client library
 * ```
 * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
 *
 * ```
 * @example Create a client that uses <a href="https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production#providing_credentials_to_your_application">Application Default Credentials (ADC)</a>:
 * ```
 * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
 *
 * ```
 * @example Create a client with <a href="https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production#obtaining_and_providing_service_account_credentials_manually">explicit credentials</a>:
 * ```
 * const bigquery = new BigQuery({
 *   projectId: 'your-project-id',
 *   keyFilename: '/path/to/keyfile.json'
 * });
 *
 * ```
 * @example <caption>include:samples/quickstart.js</caption>
 * region_tag:bigquery_quickstart
 * Full quickstart example:
 */
export class BigQuery extends Service {
  location?: string;
  private _universeDomain: string;
  private _enableQueryPreview: boolean;

  createQueryStream(options?: Query | string): ResourceStream<RowMetadata> {
    // placeholder body, overwritten in constructor
    return new ResourceStream<RowMetadata>({}, () => {});
  }

  getDatasetsStream(options?: GetDatasetsOptions): ResourceStream<Dataset> {
    // placeholder body, overwritten in constructor
    return new ResourceStream<Dataset>({}, () => {});
  }

  getJobsStream(options?: GetJobsOptions): ResourceStream<Job> {
    // placeholder body, overwritten in constructor
    return new ResourceStream<Job>({}, () => {});
  }

  constructor(options: BigQueryOptions = {}) {
    let universeDomain = 'googleapis.com';
    const servicePath = 'bigquery';

    if (options.universeDomain) {
      universeDomain = BigQuery.sanitizeDomain(options.universeDomain);
    }

    const EMULATOR_HOST = process.env.BIGQUERY_EMULATOR_HOST;

    let apiEndpoint = `https://${servicePath}.${universeDomain}`;

    if (typeof EMULATOR_HOST === 'string') {
      apiEndpoint = BigQuery.sanitizeEndpoint(EMULATOR_HOST);
    }

    if (options.apiEndpoint) {
      apiEndpoint = BigQuery.sanitizeEndpoint(options.apiEndpoint);
    }

    options = Object.assign({}, options, {
      apiEndpoint,
    });

    const baseUrl = EMULATOR_HOST || `${options.apiEndpoint}/bigquery/v2`;

    const config = {
      apiEndpoint: options.apiEndpoint!,
      baseUrl,
      scopes: ['https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery'],
      packageJson: require('../../package.json'),
      autoRetry: options.autoRetry,
      maxRetries: options.maxRetries,
    };

    if (options.scopes) {
      config.scopes = config.scopes.concat(options.scopes);
    }

    super(config, options);

    const QUERY_PREVIEW_ENABLED = process.env.QUERY_PREVIEW_ENABLED;
    this._enableQueryPreview = false;
    if (typeof QUERY_PREVIEW_ENABLED === 'string') {
      if (QUERY_PREVIEW_ENABLED.toUpperCase() === 'TRUE') {
        this._enableQueryPreview = true;
      }
    }

    this._universeDomain = universeDomain;
    this.location = options.location;
    /**
     * Run a query scoped to your project as a readable object stream.
     *
     * @method
     * @param {object} query Configuration object. See {@link BigQuery.query} for a complete
     *     list of options.
     *
     * @example
     * ```
     * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
     * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
     *
     * const query = 'SELECT url FROM `publicdata.samples.github_nested` LIMIT
     * 100';
     *
     * bigquery.createQueryStream(query)
     *   .on('error', console.error)
     *   .on('data', function(row) {
     *     // row is a result from your query.
     *   })
     *   .on('end', function() {
     *     // All rows retrieved.
     *   });
     *
     * //-
     * // If you anticipate many results, you can end a stream early to prevent
     * // unnecessary processing and API requests.
     * //-
     * bigquery.createQueryStream(query)
     *   .on('data', function(row) {
     *     this.end();
     *   });
     * ```
     */
    this.createQueryStream = paginator.streamify<RowMetadata>('queryAsStream_');

    /**
     * List all or some of the {@link Dataset} objects in your project as
     * a readable object stream.
     *
     * @param {object} [options] Configuration object. See
     *     {@link BigQuery.getDatasets} for a complete list of options.
     *
     * @example
     * ```
     * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
     * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
     *
     * bigquery.getDatasetsStream()
     *   .on('error', console.error)
     *   .on('data', function(dataset) {
     *     // dataset is a Dataset object.
     *   })
     *   .on('end', function() {
     *     // All datasets retrieved.
     *   });
     *
     * //-
     * // If you anticipate many results, you can end a stream early to prevent
     * // unnecessary processing and API requests.
     * //-
     * bigquery.getDatasetsStream()
     *   .on('data', function(dataset) {
     *     this.end();
     *   });
     * ```
     */
    this.getDatasetsStream = paginator.streamify<Dataset>('getDatasets');

    /**
     * List all or some of the {@link Job} objects in your project as a
     * readable object stream.
     *
     * @param {object} [options] Configuration object. See
     *     {@link BigQuery.getJobs} for a complete list of options.
     *
     * @example
     * ```
     * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
     * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
     *
     * bigquery.getJobsStream()
     *   .on('error', console.error)
     *   .on('data', function(job) {
     *     // job is a Job object.
     *   })
     *   .on('end', function() {
     *     // All jobs retrieved.
     *   });
     *
     * //-
     * // If you anticipate many results, you can end a stream early to prevent
     * // unnecessary processing and API requests.
     * //-
     * bigquery.getJobsStream()
     *   .on('data', function(job) {
     *     this.end();
     *   });
     * ```
     */
    this.getJobsStream = paginator.streamify<Job>('getJobs');

    // Disable `prettyPrint` for better performance.
    // https://github.com/googleapis/nodejs-bigquery/issues/858
    this.interceptors.push({
      request: (reqOpts: DecorateRequestOptions) => {
        return extend(true, {}, reqOpts, {qs: {prettyPrint: false}});
      },
    });
  }

  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
  private trace_(msg: string, ...otherArgs: any[]) {
    logger('[bigquery]', msg, ...otherArgs);
  }

  get universeDomain() {
    return this._universeDomain;
  }

  private static sanitizeEndpoint(url: string) {
    if (!PROTOCOL_REGEX.test(url)) {
      url = `https://${url}`;
    }
    return this.sanitizeDomain(url);
  }

  private static sanitizeDomain(url: string) {
    return url.replace(/\/+$/, ''); // Remove trailing slashes
  }

  /**
   * Merge a rowset returned from the API with a table schema.
   *
   * @private
   *
   * @param {object} schema
   * @param {array} rows
   * @param {object} options
   * @param {boolean|IntegerTypeCastOptions} options.wrapIntegers Wrap values of
   *     'INT64' type in {@link BigQueryInt} objects.
   *     If a `boolean`, this will wrap values in {@link BigQueryInt} objects.
   *     If an `object`, this will return a value returned by
   *     `wrapIntegers.integerTypeCastFunction`.
   *     Please see {@link IntegerTypeCastOptions} for options descriptions.
   * @param {array} options.selectedFields List of fields to return.
   * If unspecified, all fields are returned.
   * @param {array} options.parseJSON parse a 'JSON' field into a JSON object.
   * @returns Fields using their matching names from the table's schema.
   */
  static mergeSchemaWithRows_(
    schema: TableSchema | TableField,
    rows: TableRow[],
    options: {
      wrapIntegers: boolean | IntegerTypeCastOptions;
      selectedFields?: string[];
      parseJSON?: boolean;
    }
  ) {
    if (options.selectedFields && options.selectedFields!.length > 0) {
      const selectedFieldsArray = options.selectedFields!.map(c => {
        return c.split('.');
      });

      const currentFields = selectedFieldsArray.map(c => c.shift());
      //filter schema fields based on selected fields.
      schema.fields = schema.fields?.filter(
        field =>
          currentFields
            .map(c => c!.toLowerCase())
            .indexOf(field.name!.toLowerCase()) >= 0
      );
      options.selectedFields = selectedFieldsArray
        .filter(c => c.length > 0)
        .map(c => c.join('.'));
    }

    return arrify(rows).map(mergeSchema).map(flattenRows);

    function mergeSchema(row: TableRow) {
      return row.f!.map((field: TableRowField, index: number) => {
        const schemaField = schema.fields![index];
        let value = field.v;
        if (schemaField.mode === 'REPEATED') {
          value = (value as TableRowField[]).map(val => {
            return convert(schemaField, val.v, options);
          });
        } else {
          value = convert(schemaField, value, options);
        }
        // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
        const fieldObject: any = {};
        fieldObject[schemaField.name!] = value;
        return fieldObject;
      });
    }

    function convert(
      schemaField: TableField,
      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
      value: any,
      options: {
        wrapIntegers: boolean | IntegerTypeCastOptions;
        selectedFields?: string[];
        parseJSON?: boolean;
      }
    ) {
      if (is.null(value)) {
        return value;
      }

      switch (schemaField.type) {
        case 'BOOLEAN':
        case 'BOOL': {
          value = value.toLowerCase() === 'true';
          break;
        }
        case 'BYTES': {
          value = Buffer.from(value, 'base64');
          break;
        }
        case 'FLOAT':
        case 'FLOAT64': {
          value = Number(value);
          break;
        }
        case 'INTEGER':
        case 'INT64': {
          const {wrapIntegers} = options;
          value = wrapIntegers
            ? typeof wrapIntegers === 'object'
              ? BigQuery.int(
                  {integerValue: value, schemaFieldName: schemaField.name},
                  wrapIntegers
                ).valueOf()
              : BigQuery.int(value)
            : Number(value);
          break;
        }
        case 'NUMERIC': {
          value = new Big(value);
          break;
        }
        case 'BIGNUMERIC': {
          value = new Big(value);
          break;
        }
        case 'RECORD': {
          value = BigQuery.mergeSchemaWithRows_(
            schemaField,
            value,
            options
          ).pop();
          break;
        }
        case 'DATE': {
          value = BigQuery.date(value);
          break;
        }
        case 'DATETIME': {
          value = BigQuery.datetime(value);
          break;
        }
        case 'TIME': {
          value = BigQuery.time(value);
          break;
        }
        case 'TIMESTAMP': {
          const pd = new PreciseDate();
          pd.setFullTime(PreciseDate.parseFull(BigInt(value) * BigInt(1000)));
          value = BigQuery.timestamp(pd);
          break;
        }
        case 'GEOGRAPHY': {
          value = BigQuery.geography(value);
          break;
        }
        case 'JSON': {
          const {parseJSON} = options;
          value = parseJSON ? JSON.parse(value) : value;
          break;
        }
        default:
          break;
      }

      return value;
    }

    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
    function flattenRows(rows: any[]) {
      return rows.reduce((acc, row) => {
        const key = Object.keys(row)[0];
        acc[key] = row[key];
        return acc;
      }, {});
    }
  }

  /**
   * The `DATE` type represents a logical calendar date, independent of time
   * zone. It does not represent a specific 24-hour time period. Rather, a given
   * DATE value represents a different 24-hour period when interpreted in
   * different time zones, and may represent a shorter or longer day during
   * Daylight Savings Time transitions.
   *
   * @param {object|string} value The date. If a string, this should be in the
   *     format the API describes: `YYYY-[M]M-[D]D`.
   *     Otherwise, provide an object.
   * @param {string|number} value.year Four digits.
   * @param {string|number} value.month One or two digits.
   * @param {string|number} value.day One or two digits.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   * const date = bigquery.date('2017-01-01');
   *
   * //-
   * // Alternatively, provide an object.
   * //-
   * const date2 = bigquery.date({
   *   year: 2017,
   *   month: 1,
   *   day: 1
   * });
   * ```
   */
  static date(value: BigQueryDateOptions | string) {
    return new BigQueryDate(value);
  }

  /**
   * @param {object|string} value The date. If a string, this should be in the
   *     format the API describes: `YYYY-[M]M-[D]D`.
   *     Otherwise, provide an object.
   * @param {string|number} value.year Four digits.
   * @param {string|number} value.month One or two digits.
   * @param {string|number} value.day One or two digits.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const date = BigQuery.date('2017-01-01');
   *
   * //-
   * // Alternatively, provide an object.
   * //-
   * const date2 = BigQuery.date({
   *   year: 2017,
   *   month: 1,
   *   day: 1
   * });
   * ```
   */

  date(value: BigQueryDateOptions | string) {
    return BigQuery.date(value);
  }

  /**
   * A `DATETIME` data type represents a point in time. Unlike a `TIMESTAMP`,
   * this does not refer to an absolute instance in time. Instead, it is the
   * civil time, or the time that a user would see on a watch or calendar.
   *
   * @method BigQuery.datetime
   * @param {object|string} value The time. If a string, this should be in the
   *     format the API describes: `YYYY-[M]M-[D]D[ [H]H:[M]M:[S]S[.DDDDDD]]`.
   *     Otherwise, provide an object.
   * @param {string|number} value.year Four digits.
   * @param {string|number} value.month One or two digits.
   * @param {string|number} value.day One or two digits.
   * @param {string|number} [value.hours] One or two digits (`00` - `23`).
   * @param {string|number} [value.minutes] One or two digits (`00` - `59`).
   * @param {string|number} [value.seconds] One or two digits (`00` - `59`).
   * @param {string|number} [value.fractional] Up to six digits for microsecond
   *     precision.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const datetime = BigQuery.datetime('2017-01-01 13:00:00');
   *
   * //-
   * // Alternatively, provide an object.
   * //-
   * const datetime = BigQuery.datetime({
   *   year: 2017,
   *   month: 1,
   *   day: 1,
   *   hours: 14,
   *   minutes: 0,
   *   seconds: 0
   * });
   * ```
   */

  /**
   * A `DATETIME` data type represents a point in time. Unlike a `TIMESTAMP`,
   * this does not refer to an absolute instance in time. Instead, it is the
   * civil time, or the time that a user would see on a watch or calendar.
   *
   * @param {object|string} value The time. If a string, this should be in the
   *     format the API describes: `YYYY-[M]M-[D]D[ [H]H:[M]M:[S]S[.DDDDDD]]`.
   *     Otherwise, provide an object.
   * @param {string|number} value.year Four digits.
   * @param {string|number} value.month One or two digits.
   * @param {string|number} value.day One or two digits.
   * @param {string|number} [value.hours] One or two digits (`00` - `23`).
   * @param {string|number} [value.minutes] One or two digits (`00` - `59`).
   * @param {string|number} [value.seconds] One or two digits (`00` - `59`).
   * @param {string|number} [value.fractional] Up to six digits for microsecond
   *     precision.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   * const datetime = bigquery.datetime('2017-01-01 13:00:00');
   *
   * //-
   * // Alternatively, provide an object.
   * //-
   * const datetime = bigquery.datetime({
   *   year: 2017,
   *   month: 1,
   *   day: 1,
   *   hours: 14,
   *   minutes: 0,
   *   seconds: 0
   * });
   * ```
   */
  static datetime(value: BigQueryDatetimeOptions | string) {
    return new BigQueryDatetime(value);
  }

  datetime(value: BigQueryDatetimeOptions | string) {
    return BigQuery.datetime(value);
  }

  /**
   * A `TIME` data type represents a time, independent of a specific date.
   *
   * @method BigQuery.time
   * @param {object|string} value The time. If a string, this should be in the
   *     format the API describes: `[H]H:[M]M:[S]S[.DDDDDD]`. Otherwise, provide
   *     an object.
   * @param {string|number} [value.hours] One or two digits (`00` - `23`).
   * @param {string|number} [value.minutes] One or two digits (`00` - `59`).
   * @param {string|number} [value.seconds] One or two digits (`00` - `59`).
   * @param {string|number} [value.fractional] Up to six digits for microsecond
   *     precision.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const time = BigQuery.time('14:00:00'); // 2:00 PM
   *
   * //-
   * // Alternatively, provide an object.
   * //-
   * const time = BigQuery.time({
   *   hours: 14,
   *   minutes: 0,
   *   seconds: 0
   * });
   * ```
   */

  /**
   * A `TIME` data type represents a time, independent of a specific date.
   *
   * @param {object|string} value The time. If a string, this should be in the
   *     format the API describes: `[H]H:[M]M:[S]S[.DDDDDD]`. Otherwise, provide
   *     an object.
   * @param {string|number} [value.hours] One or two digits (`00` - `23`).
   * @param {string|number} [value.minutes] One or two digits (`00` - `59`).
   * @param {string|number} [value.seconds] One or two digits (`00` - `59`).
   * @param {string|number} [value.fractional] Up to six digits for microsecond
   *     precision.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   * const time = bigquery.time('14:00:00'); // 2:00 PM
   *
   * //-
   * // Alternatively, provide an object.
   * //-
   * const time = bigquery.time({
   *   hours: 14,
   *   minutes: 0,
   *   seconds: 0
   * });
   * ```
   */
  static time(value: BigQueryTimeOptions | string) {
    return new BigQueryTime(value);
  }

  time(value: BigQueryTimeOptions | string) {
    return BigQuery.time(value);
  }

  /**
   * A timestamp represents an absolute point in time, independent of any time
   * zone or convention such as Daylight Savings Time.
   *
   * The recommended input here is a `Date` or `PreciseDate` class.
   * If passing as a `string`, it should be Timestamp literals: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#timestamp_literals.
   * When passing a `number` input, it should be epoch seconds in float representation.
   *
   * @method BigQuery.timestamp
   * @param {Date|string} value The time.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const timestamp = BigQuery.timestamp(new Date());
   * ```
   */
  static timestamp(value: Date | PreciseDate | string | number) {
    return new BigQueryTimestamp(value);
  }

  /**
   * A timestamp represents an absolute point in time, independent of any time
   * zone or convention such as Daylight Savings Time.
   *
   * The recommended input here is a `Date` or `PreciseDate` class.
   * If passing as a `string`, it should be Timestamp literals: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#timestamp_literals.
   * When passing a `number` input, it should be epoch seconds in float representation.
   *
   * @param {Date|string|string|number} value The time.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   * const timestamp = bigquery.timestamp(new Date());
   * ```
   */
  timestamp(value: Date | PreciseDate | string | number) {
    return BigQuery.timestamp(value);
  }

  /**
   * A BigQueryInt wraps 'INT64' values. Can be used to maintain precision.
   *
   * @param {string|number|IntegerTypeCastValue} value The INT64 value to convert.
   * @param {IntegerTypeCastOptions} typeCastOptions Configuration to convert
   *     value. Must provide an `integerTypeCastFunction` to handle conversion.
   * @returns {BigQueryInt}
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   *
   * const largeIntegerValue = Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER + 1;
   *
   * const options = {
   *   integerTypeCastFunction: value => value.split(),
   * };
   *
   * const bqInteger = bigquery.int(largeIntegerValue, options);
   *
   * const customValue = bqInteger.valueOf();
   * // customValue is the value returned from your `integerTypeCastFunction`.
   * ```
   */
  static int(
    value: string | number | IntegerTypeCastValue,
    typeCastOptions?: IntegerTypeCastOptions
  ) {
    return new BigQueryInt(value, typeCastOptions);
  }

  int(
    value: string | number | IntegerTypeCastValue,
    typeCastOptions?: IntegerTypeCastOptions
  ) {
    return BigQuery.int(value, typeCastOptions);
  }

  /**
   * A geography value represents a surface area on the Earth
   * in Well-known Text (WKT) format.
   *
   * @param {string} value The geospatial data.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   * const geography = bigquery.geography('POINT(1, 2)');
   * ```
   */
  static geography(value: string) {
    return new Geography(value);
  }

  geography(value: string) {
    return BigQuery.geography(value);
  }

  /**
   * Convert an INT64 value to Number.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {object} value The INT64 value to convert.
   */
  static decodeIntegerValue_(value: IntegerTypeCastValue) {
    const num = Number(value.integerValue);
    if (!Number.isSafeInteger(num)) {
      throw new Error(
        'We attempted to return all of the numeric values, but ' +
          (value.schemaFieldName ? value.schemaFieldName + ' ' : '') +
          'value ' +
          value.integerValue +
          " is out of bounds of 'Number.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER'.\n" +
          "To prevent this error, please consider passing 'options.wrapIntegers' as\n" +
          '{\n' +
          '  integerTypeCastFunction: provide <your_custom_function>\n' +
          '  fields: optionally specify field name(s) to be custom casted\n' +
          '}\n'
      );
    }
    return num;
  }

  /**
   * Return a value's provided type.
   *
   * @private
   *
   * @throws {error} If the type provided is invalid.
   *
   * See {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/data-types| Data Type}
   *
   * @param {*} providedType The type.
   * @returns {string} The valid type provided.
   */
  static getTypeDescriptorFromProvidedType_(
    providedType: string | ProvidedTypeStruct | ProvidedTypeArray
  ): ValueType {
    // The list of types can be found in src/types.d.ts
    const VALID_TYPES = [
      'DATE',
      'DATETIME',
      'TIME',
      'TIMESTAMP',
      'BYTES',
      'NUMERIC',
      'BIGNUMERIC',
      'BOOL',
      'INT64',
      'FLOAT64',
      'STRING',
      'GEOGRAPHY',
      'ARRAY',
      'STRUCT',
      'JSON',
      'RANGE',
    ];

    if (is.array(providedType)) {
      providedType = providedType as Array<ProvidedTypeStruct | string | []>;
      return {
        type: 'ARRAY',
        arrayType: BigQuery.getTypeDescriptorFromProvidedType_(providedType[0]),
      };
    } else if (is.object(providedType)) {
      return {
        type: 'STRUCT',
        structTypes: Object.keys(providedType).map(prop => {
          return {
            name: prop,
            type: BigQuery.getTypeDescriptorFromProvidedType_(
              (providedType as ProvidedTypeStruct)[prop]
            ),
          };
        }),
      };
    }

    providedType = (providedType as string).toUpperCase();
    if (!VALID_TYPES.includes(providedType)) {
      throw new Error(`Invalid type provided: "${providedType}"`);
    }

    return {type: providedType.toUpperCase()};
  }

  /**
   * Detect a value's type.
   *
   * @private
   *
   * @throws {error} If the type could not be detected.
   *
   * See {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/data-types| Data Type}
   *
   * @param {*} value The value.
   * @returns {string} The type detected from the value.
   */
  static getTypeDescriptorFromValue_(value: unknown): ValueType {
    let typeName;

    if (value === null) {
      throw new Error(
        "Parameter types must be provided for null values via the 'types' field in query options."
      );
    }

    if (value instanceof BigQueryDate) {
      typeName = 'DATE';
    } else if (value instanceof BigQueryDatetime) {
      typeName = 'DATETIME';
    } else if (value instanceof BigQueryTime) {
      typeName = 'TIME';
    } else if (value instanceof BigQueryTimestamp) {
      typeName = 'TIMESTAMP';
    } else if (value instanceof Buffer) {
      typeName = 'BYTES';
    } else if (value instanceof Big) {
      if (value.c.length - value.e >= 10) {
        typeName = 'BIGNUMERIC';
      } else {
        typeName = 'NUMERIC';
      }
    } else if (value instanceof BigQueryInt) {
      typeName = 'INT64';
    } else if (value instanceof Geography) {
      typeName = 'GEOGRAPHY';
    } else if (Array.isArray(value)) {
      if (value.length === 0) {
        throw new Error(
          "Parameter types must be provided for empty arrays via the 'types' field in query options."
        );
      }
      return {
        type: 'ARRAY',
        arrayType: BigQuery.getTypeDescriptorFromValue_(value[0]),
      };
    } else if (is.boolean(value)) {
      typeName = 'BOOL';
    } else if (is.number(value)) {
      typeName = (value as number) % 1 === 0 ? 'INT64' : 'FLOAT64';
    } else if (is.object(value)) {
      return {
        type: 'STRUCT',
        structTypes: Object.keys(value as object).map(prop => {
          return {
            name: prop,
            // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
            type: BigQuery.getTypeDescriptorFromValue_((value as any)[prop]),
          };
        }),
      };
    } else if (is.string(value)) {
      typeName = 'STRING';
    }

    if (!typeName) {
      throw new Error(
        [
          'This value could not be translated to a BigQuery data type.',
          value,
        ].join('\n')
      );
    }

    return {
      type: typeName,
    };
  }

  /**
   * Convert a value into a `queryParameter` object.
   *
   * @private
   *
   * See {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/jobs/query#request-body| Jobs.query API Reference Docs (see `queryParameters`)}
   *
   * @param {*} value The value.
   * @param {string|ProvidedTypeStruct|ProvidedTypeArray} providedType Provided
   *     query parameter type.
   * @returns {object} A properly-formed `queryParameter` object.
   */
  static valueToQueryParameter_(
    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
    value: any,
    providedType?: string | ProvidedTypeStruct | ProvidedTypeArray
  ) {
    if (is.date(value)) {
      value = BigQuery.timestamp(value as Date);
    }
    let parameterType: bigquery.IQueryParameterType;
    if (providedType) {
      parameterType = BigQuery.getTypeDescriptorFromProvidedType_(providedType);
    } else {
      parameterType = BigQuery.getTypeDescriptorFromValue_(value);
    }
    const queryParameter: QueryParameter = {parameterType, parameterValue: {}};

    const typeName = queryParameter!.parameterType!.type!;
    if (typeName === 'ARRAY') {
      queryParameter.parameterValue!.arrayValues = (value as Array<{}>).map(
        itemValue => {
          const value = BigQuery._getValue(itemValue, parameterType.arrayType!);
          if (is.object(value) || is.array(value)) {
            if (is.array(providedType)) {
              providedType = providedType as [];
              return BigQuery.valueToQueryParameter_(value, providedType[0])
                .parameterValue!;
            } else {
              return BigQuery.valueToQueryParameter_(value).parameterValue!;
            }
          }
          return {value} as bigquery.IQueryParameterValue;
        }
      );
    } else if (typeName === 'STRUCT') {
      queryParameter.parameterValue!.structValues = Object.keys(value).reduce(
        (structValues, prop) => {
          let nestedQueryParameter;
          if (providedType) {
            nestedQueryParameter = BigQuery.valueToQueryParameter_(
              value[prop],
              (providedType as ProvidedTypeStruct)[prop]
            );
          } else {
            nestedQueryParameter = BigQuery.valueToQueryParameter_(value[prop]);
          }
          // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
          (structValues as any)[prop] = nestedQueryParameter.parameterValue;
          return structValues;
        },
        {}
      );
    } else if (typeName === 'JSON' && is.object(value)) {
      queryParameter.parameterValue!.value = JSON.stringify(value);
    } else {
      queryParameter.parameterValue!.value = BigQuery._getValue(
        value,
        parameterType
      );
    }

    return queryParameter;
  }

  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
  private static _getValue(value: any, type: ValueType): any {
    if (value === null) {
      return null;
    }
    if (value.type) type = value;
    return BigQuery._isCustomType(type) ? value.value : value;
  }

  private static _isCustomType({type}: ValueType): boolean {
    return (
      type!.indexOf('TIME') > -1 ||
      type!.indexOf('DATE') > -1 ||
      type!.indexOf('GEOGRAPHY') > -1 ||
      type!.indexOf('BigQueryInt') > -1
    );
  }

  /**
   * @callback DatasetCallback
   * @param {?Error} err Request error, if any.
   * @param {object} dataset The [dataset resource]{@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/datasets#resource}.
   * @param {object} apiResponse The full API response.
   */
  /**
   * Create a dataset.
   *
   * See {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/v2/datasets/insert| Datasets: insert API Documentation}
   *
   * @param {string} id ID of the dataset to create.
   * @param {object} [options] See a
   *     {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/v2/datasets#resource| Dataset resource}.
   * @param {DatasetCallback} [callback] The callback function.
   * @param {?error} callback.err An error returned while making this request
   * @param {Dataset} callback.dataset The newly created dataset
   * @param {object} callback.apiResponse The full API response.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   *
   * bigquery.createDataset('my-dataset', function(err, dataset, apiResponse)
   * {});
   *
   * //-
   * // If the callback is omitted, we'll return a Promise.
   * //-
   * bigquery.createDataset('my-dataset').then(function(data) {
   *   const dataset = data[0];
   *   const apiResponse = data[1];
   * });
   * ```
   */
  createDataset(
    id: string,
    options?: DatasetResource
  ): Promise<DatasetResponse>;
  createDataset(
    id: string,
    options: DatasetResource,
    callback: DatasetCallback
  ): void;
  createDataset(id: string, callback: DatasetCallback): void;
  createDataset(
    id: string,
    optionsOrCallback?: DatasetResource | DatasetCallback,
    cb?: DatasetCallback
  ): void | Promise<DatasetResponse> {
    const options =
      typeof optionsOrCallback === 'object' ? optionsOrCallback : {};
    const callback =
      typeof optionsOrCallback === 'function' ? optionsOrCallback : cb;

    const reqOpts: DecorateRequestOptions = {
      method: 'POST',
      uri: '/datasets',
      json: extend(
        true,
        {
          location: this.location,
        },
        options,
        {
          datasetReference: {
            datasetId: id,
          },
        }
      ),
    };
    if (options.projectId) {
      reqOpts.projectId = options.projectId;
    }
    this.request(reqOpts, (err, resp) => {
      if (err) {
        callback!(err, null, resp);
        return;
      }

      const dataset = this.dataset(id, options);
      dataset.metadata = resp;

      callback!(null, dataset, resp);
    });
  }

  /**
   * @callback JobCallback
   * @param {?Error} err Request error, if any.
   * @param {object} job The newly created job for your query.
   * @param {object} apiResponse The full API response.
   */
  /**
   * Run a query as a job. No results are immediately returned. Instead, your
   * callback will be executed with a {@link Job} object that you must
   * ping for the results. See the Job documentation for explanations of how to
   * check on the status of the job.
   *
   * See {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/v2/jobs/insert| Jobs: insert API Documentation}
   *
   * @param {object|string} options The configuration object. This must be in
   * the format of the {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/Job#JobConfigurationQuery| `configuration.query`}
   * property of a Jobs resource. If a string is provided, this is used as the
   * query string, and all other options are defaulted.
   * @param {Table} [options.destination] The table to save the
   *     query's results to. If omitted, a new table will be created.
   * @param {boolean} [options.dryRun] If set, don't actually run this job. A
   *     valid query will update the job with processing statistics. These can
   * be accessed via `job.metadata`.
   * @param {object} [options.labels] String key/value pairs to be attached as
   *     labels to the newly created Job.
   * @param {string} [options.location] The geographic location of the job.
   *     Required except for US and EU.
   * @param {number} [options.jobTimeoutMs] Job timeout in milliseconds.
   *     If this time limit is exceeded, BigQuery might attempt to stop the job.
   * @param {string} [options.jobId] Custom job id.
   * @param {string} [options.jobPrefix] Prefix to apply to the job id.
   * @param {string} options.query A query string, following the BigQuery query
   *     syntax, of the query to execute.
   * @param {boolean} [options.useLegacySql=false] Option to use legacy sql syntax.
   * @param {object} [options.defaultDataset] The dataset. This must be in
   *     the format of the {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/datasets#DatasetReference| `DatasetReference`}
   * @param {boolean} [options.wrapIntegers] Optionally wrap INT64 in BigQueryInt
   *     or custom INT64 value type.
   * @param {boolean} [options.parseJSON] Optionally parse JSON as a JSON Object.
   * @param {object|array} [options.params] Option to provide query prarameters.
   * @param {JobCallback} [callback] The callback function.
   * @param {?error} callback.err An error returned while making this request.
   * @param {Job} callback.job The newly created job for your query.
   * @param {object} callback.apiResponse The full API response.
   *
   * @throws {Error} If a query is not specified.
   * @throws {Error} If a Table is not provided as a destination.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   *
   * const query = 'SELECT url FROM `publicdata.samples.github_nested` LIMIT
   * 100';
   *
   * //-
   * // You may pass only a query string, having a new table created to store
   * the
   * // results of the query.
   * //-
   * bigquery.createQueryJob(query, function(err, job) {});
   *
   * //-
   * // You can also control the destination table by providing a
   * // {@link Table} object.
   * //-
   * bigquery.createQueryJob({
   *   destination: bigquery.dataset('higher_education').table('institutions'),
   *   query: query
   * }, function(err, job) {});
   *
   * //-
   * // After you have run `createQueryJob`, your query will execute in a job.
   * Your
   * // callback is executed with a {@link Job} object so that you may
   * // check for the results.
   * //-
   * bigquery.createQueryJob(query, function(err, job) {
   *   if (!err) {
   *     job.getQueryResults(function(err, rows, apiResponse) {});
   *   }
   * });
   *
   * //-
   * // If the callback is omitted, we'll return a Promise.
   * //-
   * bigquery.createQueryJob(query).then(function(data) {
   *   const job = data[0];
   *   const apiResponse = data[1];
   *
   *   return job.getQueryResults();
   * });
   * ```
   */
  createQueryJob(options: Query | string): Promise<JobResponse>;
  createQueryJob(options: Query | string, callback: JobCallback): void;
  createQueryJob(
    opts: Query | string,
    callback?: JobCallback
  ): void | Promise<JobResponse> {
    const options = typeof opts === 'object' ? opts : {query: opts};
    this.trace_('[createQueryJob]', options, callback);
    if ((!options || !options.query) && !options.pageToken) {
      throw new Error('A SQL query string is required.');
    }

    const query: Query = extend(
      true,
      {
        useLegacySql: false,
      },
      options
    );
    this.trace_('[createQueryJob]', query);

    if (options.destination) {
      if (!(options.destination instanceof Table)) {
        throw new Error('Destination must be a Table object.');
      }

      query.destinationTable = {
        datasetId: options.destination.dataset.id,
        projectId: options.destination.dataset.projectId,
        tableId: options.destination.id,
      };

      delete query.destination;
    }

    const {parameterMode, params} = this.buildQueryParams_(
      query.params,
      query.types
    );
    query.parameterMode = parameterMode;
    query.queryParameters = params;
    delete query.params;

    const reqOpts: JobOptions = {};
    reqOpts.configuration = {
      query,
    };

    if (typeof query.jobTimeoutMs === 'number') {
      reqOpts.configuration.jobTimeoutMs = query.jobTimeoutMs.toString();
      delete query.jobTimeoutMs;
    }

    if (query.dryRun) {
      reqOpts.configuration.dryRun = query.dryRun;
      delete query.dryRun;
    }

    if (query.labels) {
      reqOpts.configuration.labels = query.labels;
      delete query.labels;
    }

    if (query.jobPrefix) {
      reqOpts.jobPrefix = query.jobPrefix;
      delete query.jobPrefix;
    }

    if (query.location) {
      reqOpts.location = query.location;
      delete query.location;
    }

    if (query.jobId) {
      reqOpts.jobId = query.jobId;
      delete query.jobId;
    }

    this.createJob(reqOpts, callback!);
  }

  private buildQueryParams_(
    params: Query['params'],
    types: Query['types']
  ): {
    parameterMode: ParameterMode;
    params: bigquery.IQueryParameter[] | undefined;
  } {
    if (!params) {
      return {
        parameterMode: undefined,
        params: undefined,
      };
    }
    const parameterMode = is.array(params) ? 'positional' : 'named';
    const queryParameters: bigquery.IQueryParameter[] = [];
    if (parameterMode === 'named') {
      const namedParams = params as {[param: string]: any};
      for (const namedParameter of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(namedParams)) {
        const value = namedParams[namedParameter];
        let queryParameter;

        if (types) {
          if (!is.object(types)) {
            throw new Error(
              'Provided types must match the value type passed to `params`'
            );
          }

          const namedTypes = types as QueryParamTypeStruct;

          if (namedTypes[namedParameter]) {
            queryParameter = BigQuery.valueToQueryParameter_(
              value,
              namedTypes[namedParameter]
            );
          } else {
            queryParameter = BigQuery.valueToQueryParameter_(value);
          }
        } else {
          queryParameter = BigQuery.valueToQueryParameter_(value);
        }

        queryParameter.name = namedParameter;
        queryParameters.push(queryParameter);
      }
    } else {
      if (types) {
        if (!is.array(types)) {
          throw new Error(
            'Provided types must match the value type passed to `params`'
          );
        }

        const positionalTypes = types as QueryParamTypeStruct[];

        if (params.length !== types.length) {
          throw new Error('Incorrect number of parameter types provided.');
        }
        params.forEach((value: {}, i: number) => {
          const queryParameter = BigQuery.valueToQueryParameter_(
            value,
            positionalTypes[i]
          );
          queryParameters.push(queryParameter);
        });
      } else {
        params.forEach((value: {}) => {
          const queryParameter = BigQuery.valueToQueryParameter_(value);
          queryParameters.push(queryParameter);
        });
      }
    }

    return {
      parameterMode,
      params: queryParameters,
    };
  }

  /**
   * Creates a job. Typically when creating a job you'll have a very specific
   * task in mind. For this we recommend one of the following methods:
   *
   * - {@link BigQuery.createQueryJob}
   * - {@link Table#createCopyJob}
   * - {@link Table#createCopyFromJob}
   * - {@link Table#createExtractJob}
   * - {@link Table#createLoadJob}
   *
   * However in the event you need a finer level of control over the job
   * creation, you can use this method to pass in a raw {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/Job| Job resource}
   * object.
   *
   * See {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/jobs| Jobs Overview}
   * See {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/v2/jobs/insert| Jobs: insert API Documentation}
   *
   * @param {object} options Object in the form of a {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/Job| Job resource};
   * @param {string} [options.jobId] Custom job id.
   * @param {string} [options.jobPrefix] Prefix to apply to the job id.
   * @param {string} [options.location] The geographic location of the job.
   *     Required except for US and EU.
   * @param {JobCallback} [callback] The callback function.
   * @param {?error} callback.err An error returned while making this request.
   * @param {Job} callback.job The newly created job.
   * @param {object} callback.apiResponse The full API response.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   *
   * const options = {
   *   configuration: {
   *     query: {
   *       query: 'SELECT url FROM `publicdata.samples.github_nested` LIMIT 100'
   *     }
   *   }
   * };
   *
   * bigquery.createJob(options, function(err, job) {
   *   if (err) {
   *     // Error handling omitted.
   *   }
   *
   *   job.getQueryResults(function(err, rows) {});
   * });
   *
   * //-
   * // If the callback is omitted, we'll return a Promise.
   * //-
   * bigquery.createJob(options).then(function(data) {
   *   const job = data[0];
   *
   *   return job.getQueryResults();
   * });
   * ```
   */
  createJob(options: JobOptions): Promise<JobResponse>;
  createJob(options: JobOptions, callback: JobCallback): void;
  createJob(
    options: JobOptions,
    callback?: JobCallback
  ): void | Promise<JobResponse> {
    const JOB_ID_PROVIDED = typeof options.jobId !== 'undefined';
    const DRY_RUN = options.configuration?.dryRun
      ? options.configuration.dryRun
      : false;

    const reqOpts = Object.assign({}, options);
    let jobId = JOB_ID_PROVIDED ? reqOpts.jobId : uuid.v4();

    if (reqOpts.jobId) {
      delete reqOpts.jobId;
    }

    if (reqOpts.jobPrefix) {
      jobId = reqOpts.jobPrefix + jobId;
      delete reqOpts.jobPrefix;
    }

    reqOpts.jobReference = {
      projectId: this.projectId,
      jobId,
      location: this.location,
    };

    if (options.location) {
      reqOpts.jobReference.location = options.location;
      delete reqOpts.location;
    }

    const job = this.job(jobId!, {
      location: reqOpts.jobReference.location,
    });

    this.request(
      {
        method: 'POST',
        uri: '/jobs',
        json: reqOpts,
      },
      async (err, resp) => {
        const ALREADY_EXISTS_CODE = 409;

        if (err) {
          if (
            (err as ApiError).code === ALREADY_EXISTS_CODE &&
            !JOB_ID_PROVIDED &&
            !DRY_RUN
          ) {
            // The last insert attempt flaked, but the API still processed the
            // request and created the job. Because of our "autoRetry" feature,
            // we tried the request again, which tried to create it again,
            // unnecessarily. We will get the job's metadata and treat it as if
            // it just came back from the create call.
            err = null;
            [resp] = await job.getMetadata();
          } else {
            callback!(err, null, resp);
            return;
          }
        }

        if (resp.status.errors) {
          err = new util.ApiError({
            errors: resp.status.errors,
            response: resp,
          } as GoogleErrorBody);
        }

        // Update the location with the one used by the API.
        job.location = resp.jobReference.location;
        job.metadata = resp;
        callback!(err, job, resp);
      }
    );
  }

  /**
   * Create a reference to a dataset.
   *
   * @param {string} id ID of the dataset.
   * @param {object} [options] Dataset options.
   * @param {string} [options.projectId] The GCP project ID.
   * @param {string} [options.location] The geographic location of the dataset.
   *      Required except for US and EU.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   * const dataset = bigquery.dataset('higher_education');
   * ```
   */
  dataset(id: string, options?: DatasetOptions) {
    if (typeof id !== 'string') {
      throw new TypeError('A dataset ID is required.');
    }

    if (this.location) {
      options = extend({location: this.location}, options);
    }
    return new Dataset(this, id, options);
  }

  /**
   * List all or some of the datasets in a project.
   *
   * See {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/v2/datasets/list| Datasets: list API Documentation}
   *
   * @param {object} [options] Configuration object.
   * @param {boolean} [options.all] List all datasets, including hidden ones.
   * @param {string} [options.projectId] The GCP project ID.
   * @param {boolean} [options.autoPaginate] Have pagination handled automatically.
   *     Default: true.
   * @param {number} [options.maxApiCalls] Maximum number of API calls to make.
   * @param {number} [options.maxResults] Maximum number of results to return.
   * @param {string} [options.pageToken] Token returned from a previous call, to
   *     request the next page of results.
   * @param {DatasetsCallback} [callback] The callback function.
   * @param {?error} callback.err An error returned while making this request
   * @param {Dataset[]} callback.datasets The list of datasets in your project.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   *
   * bigquery.getDatasets(function(err, datasets) {
   *   if (!err) {
   *     // datasets is an array of Dataset objects.
   *   }
   * });
   *
   * //-
   * // To control how many API requests are made and page through the results
   * // manually, set `autoPaginate` to `false`.
   * //-
   * function manualPaginationCallback(err, datasets, nextQuery, apiResponse) {
   *   if (nextQuery) {
   *     // More results exist.
   *     bigquery.getDatasets(nextQuery, manualPaginationCallback);
   *   }
   * }
   *
   * bigquery.getDatasets({
   *   autoPaginate: false
   * }, manualPaginationCallback);
   *
   * //-
   * // If the callback is omitted, we'll return a Promise.
   * //-
   * bigquery.getDatasets().then(function(datasets) {});
   * ```
   */
  getDatasets(options?: GetDatasetsOptions): Promise<DatasetsResponse>;
  getDatasets(options: GetDatasetsOptions, callback: DatasetsCallback): void;
  getDatasets(callback: DatasetsCallback): void;
  getDatasets(
    optionsOrCallback?: GetDatasetsOptions | DatasetsCallback,
    cb?: DatasetsCallback
  ): void | Promise<DatasetsResponse> {
    const options =
      typeof optionsOrCallback === 'object' ? optionsOrCallback : {};
    const callback =
      typeof optionsOrCallback === 'function' ? optionsOrCallback : cb;

    const reqOpts: DecorateRequestOptions = {
      uri: '/datasets',
      qs: options,
    };
    if (options.projectId) {
      reqOpts.projectId = options.projectId;
    }
    this.request(reqOpts, (err, resp) => {
      if (err) {
        callback!(err, null, null, resp);
        return;
      }

      let nextQuery: GetDatasetsOptions | null = null;

      if (resp.nextPageToken) {
        nextQuery = Object.assign({}, options, {
          pageToken: resp.nextPageToken,
        });
      }

      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
      const datasets = (resp.datasets || []).map(
        (dataset: bigquery.IDataset) => {
          const dsOpts: DatasetOptions = {
            location: dataset.location!,
          };
          if (options.projectId) {
            dsOpts.projectId = options.projectId;
          }
          const ds = this.dataset(dataset.datasetReference!.datasetId!, dsOpts);

          ds.metadata = dataset!;
          return ds;
        }
      );

      callback!(null, datasets, nextQuery, resp);
    });
  }

  /**
   * @callback GetJobsCallback
   * @param {?Error} err Request error, if any.
   * @param {object} jobs An array of [Job]{@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/v2/Job} objects.
   */
  /**
   * @typedef {array} GetJobsResponse
   * @property {object} 0 An array of Job objects.
   */
  /**
   * Get all of the jobs from your project.
   *
   * See {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/v2/jobs/list| Jobs: list API Documentation}
   *
   * @param {object} [options] Configuration object.
   * @param {boolean} [options.allUsers] Display jobs owned by all users in the
   *     project.
   * @param {boolean} [options.autoPaginate] Have pagination handled
   *     automatically. Default: true.
   * @param {number} [options.maxApiCalls] Maximum number of API calls to make.
   * @param {number} [options.maxResults] Maximum number of results to return.
   * @param {string} [options.pageToken] Token returned from a previous call, to
   *     request the next page of results.
   * @param {string} [options.projection] Restrict information returned to a set
   *     of selected fields. Acceptable values are "full", for all job data, and
   *     "minimal", to not include the job configuration.
   * @param {string} [options.stateFilter] Filter for job state. Acceptable
   *     values are "done", "pending", and "running". Sending an array to this
   *     option performs a disjunction.
   * @param {GetJobsCallback} [callback] The callback function.
   * @param {?error} callback.err An error returned while making this request
   * @param {Job[]} callback.jobs The list of jobs in your
   *     project.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   *
   * bigquery.getJobs(function(err, jobs) {
   *   if (!err) {
   *     // jobs is an array of Job objects.
   *   }
   * });
   *
   * //-
   * // To control how many API requests are made and page through the results
   * // manually, set `autoPaginate` to `false`.
   * //-
   * function manualPaginationCallback(err, jobs, nextQuery, apiRespose) {
   *   if (nextQuery) {
   *     // More results exist.
   *     bigquery.getJobs(nextQuery, manualPaginationCallback);
   *   }
   * }
   *
   * bigquery.getJobs({
   *   autoPaginate: false
   * }, manualPaginationCallback);
   *
   * //-
   * // If the callback is omitted, we'll return a Promise.
   * //-
   * bigquery.getJobs().then(function(data) {
   *   const jobs = data[0];
   * });
   * ```
   */
  getJobs(options?: GetJobsOptions): Promise<GetJobsResponse>;
  getJobs(options: GetJobsOptions, callback: GetJobsCallback): void;
  getJobs(callback: GetJobsCallback): void;
  getJobs(
    optionsOrCallback?: GetJobsOptions | GetJobsCallback,
    cb?: GetJobsCallback
  ): void | Promise<GetJobsResponse> {
    const options =
      typeof optionsOrCallback === 'object' ? optionsOrCallback : {};
    const callback =
      typeof optionsOrCallback === 'function' ? optionsOrCallback : cb;
    this.request(
      {
        uri: '/jobs',
        qs: options,
        useQuerystring: true,
      },
      (err, resp) => {
        if (err) {
          callback!(err, null, null, resp);
          return;
        }
        let nextQuery: {} | null = null;
        if (resp.nextPageToken) {
          nextQuery = Object.assign({}, options, {
            pageToken: resp.nextPageToken,
          });
        }
        const jobs = (resp.jobs || []).map((jobObject: bigquery.IJob) => {
          const job = this.job(jobObject.jobReference!.jobId!, {
            location: jobObject.jobReference!.location!,
          });
          job.metadata = jobObject!;
          return job;
        });
        callback!(null, jobs, nextQuery, resp);
      }
    );
  }

  /**
   * Create a reference to an existing job.
   *
   * @param {string} id ID of the job.
   * @param {object} [options] Configuration object.
   * @param {string} [options.location] The geographic location of the job.
   *      Required except for US and EU.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   *
   * const myExistingJob = bigquery.job('job-id');
   * ```
   */
  job(id: string, options?: JobOptions) {
    if (this.location) {
      options = extend({location: this.location}, options);
    }
    return new Job(this, id, options);
  }

  /**
   * Run a query scoped to your project. For manual pagination please refer to
   * {@link BigQuery.createQueryJob}.
   *
   * See {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/v2/jobs/query| Jobs: query API Documentation}
   *
   * @param {string|object} query A string SQL query or configuration object.
   *     For all available options, see
   *     {@link https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/v2/jobs/query#request-body| Jobs: query request body}.
   * @param {string} [query.location] The geographic location of the job.
   *     Required except for US and EU.
   * @param {string} [query.jobId] Custom id for the underlying job.
   * @param {string} [query.jobPrefix] Prefix to apply to the underlying job id.
   * @param {object|Array<*>} query.params For positional SQL parameters, provide
   *     an array of values. For named SQL parameters, provide an object which
   *     maps each named parameter to its value. The supported types are
   * integers, floats, {@link BigQuery.date} objects, {@link BigQuery.datetime}
   *     objects, {@link BigQuery.time} objects, {@link BigQuery.timestamp}
   *     objects, Strings, Booleans, and Objects.
   * @param {string} query.query A query string, following the BigQuery query
   *     syntax, of the query to execute.
   * @param {object|Array<*>} query.types Provided types for query parameters.
   *     For positional SQL parameters, provide an array of types. For named
   *     SQL parameters, provide an object which maps each named parameter to
   *     its type.
   * @param {boolean} [query.useLegacySql=false] Option to use legacy sql syntax.
   * @param {object} [options] Configuration object for query results.
   * @param {number} [options.maxResults] Maximum number of results to read.
   * @param {number} [options.timeoutMs] How long to wait for the query to
   *     complete, in milliseconds, before returning. Default is 10 seconds.
   *     If the timeout passes before the job completes, an error will be returned
   *     and the 'jobComplete' field in the response will be false.
   * @param {boolean|IntegerTypeCastOptions} [options.wrapIntegers=false] Wrap values
   *     of 'INT64' type in {@link BigQueryInt} objects.
   *     If a `boolean`, this will wrap values in {@link BigQueryInt} objects.
   *     If an `object`, this will return a value returned by
   *     `wrapIntegers.integerTypeCastFunction`.
   *     Please see {@link IntegerTypeCastOptions} for options descriptions.
   * @param {function} [callback] The callback function.
   * @param {?error} callback.err An error returned while making this request
   * @param {array} callback.rows The list of results from your query.
   *
   * @example
   * ```
   * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
   * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
   *
   * const query = 'SELECT url FROM `publicdata.samples.github_nested` LIMIT
   * 100';
   *
   * bigquery.query(query, function(err, rows) {
   *   if (!err) {
   *     // rows is an array of results.
   *   }
   * });
   *
   * //-
   * // Positional SQL parameters are supported.
   * //-
   * bigquery.query({
   *   query: [
   *     'SELECT url',
   *     'FROM `publicdata.samples.github_nested`',
   *     'WHERE repository.owner = ?'
   *   ].join(' '),
   *
   *   params: [
   *     'google'
   *   ]
   * }, function(err, rows) {});
   *
   * //-
   * // Or if you prefer to name them, that's also supported.
   * //-
   * bigquery.query({
   *   query: [
   *     'SELECT url',
   *     'FROM `publicdata.samples.github_nested`',
   *     'WHERE repository.owner = @owner'
   *   ].join(' '),
   *   params: {
   *     owner: 'google'
   *   }
   * }, function(err, rows) {});
   *
   * //-
   * // Providing types for SQL parameters is supported.
   * //-
   * bigquery.query({
   *   query: [
   *     'SELECT url',
   *     'FROM `publicdata.samples.github_nested`',
   *     'WHERE repository.owner = ?'
   *   ].join(' '),
   *
   *   params: [
   *     null
   *   ],
   *
   *   types: ['string']
   * }, function(err, rows) {});
   *
   * //-
   * // If you need to use a `DATE`, `DATETIME`, `TIME`, or `TIMESTAMP` type in
   * // your query, see {@link BigQuery.date}, {@link BigQuery.datetime},
   * // {@link BigQuery.time}, and {@link BigQuery.timestamp}.
   * //-
   *
   * //-
   * // If the callback is omitted, we'll return a Promise.
   * //-
   * bigquery.query(query).then(function(data) {
   *   const rows = data[0];
   * });
   * ```
   */
  query(query: string, options?: QueryOptions): Promise<QueryRowsResponse>;
  query(query: Query, options?: QueryOptions): Promise<SimpleQueryRowsResponse>;
  query(
    query: string,
    options: QueryOptions,
    callback?: QueryRowsCallback
  ): void;
  query(
    query: Query,
    options: QueryOptions,
    callback?: SimpleQueryRowsCallback
  ): void;
  query(query: string, callback?: QueryRowsCallback): void;
  query(query: Query, callback?: SimpleQueryRowsCallback): void;
  query(
    query: string | Query,
    optionsOrCallback?:
      | QueryOptions
      | SimpleQueryRowsCallback
      | QueryRowsCallback,
    cb?: SimpleQueryRowsCallback | QueryRowsCallback
  ): void | Promise<SimpleQueryRowsResponse> | Promise<QueryRowsResponse> {
    let options =
      typeof optionsOrCallback === 'object' ? optionsOrCallback : {};
    const queryOpts =
      typeof query === 'object'
        ? {
            wrapIntegers: query.wrapIntegers,
            parseJSON: query.parseJSON,
          }
        : {};
    const callback =
      typeof optionsOrCallback === 'function' ? optionsOrCallback : cb;

    this.trace_('[query]', query, options);
    const queryReq = this.buildQueryRequest_(query, options);
    this.trace_('[query] queryReq', queryReq);
    if (!queryReq) {
      this.createQueryJob(query, (err, job, resp) => {
        if (err) {
          (callback as SimpleQueryRowsCallback)(err, null, resp);
          return;
        }
        if (typeof query === 'object' && query.dryRun) {
          (callback as SimpleQueryRowsCallback)(null, [], resp);
          return;
        }
        // The Job is important for the `queryAsStream_` method, so a new query
        // isn't created each time results are polled for.
        options = extend({job}, queryOpts, options);
        job!.getQueryResults(options, callback as QueryRowsCallback);
      });
      return;
    }

    this.runJobsQuery(queryReq, (err, job, res) => {
      this.trace_('[runJobsQuery callback]: ', query, err, job, res);
      if (err) {
        (callback as SimpleQueryRowsCallback)(err, null, res);
        return;
      }

      options = extend({job}, queryOpts, options);
      if (res && res.jobComplete) {
        let rows: any = [];
        if (res.schema && res.rows) {
          rows = BigQuery.mergeSchemaWithRows_(res.schema, res.rows, {
            wrapIntegers: options.wrapIntegers || false,
            parseJSON: options.parseJSON,
          });
        }
        this.trace_('[runJobsQuery] job complete');
        options._cachedRows = rows;
        if (res.pageToken) {
          this.trace_('[runJobsQuery] has more pages');
          options.pageToken = res.pageToken;
        } else {
          this.trace_('[runJobsQuery] no more pages');
        }
        job!.getQueryResults(options, callback as QueryRowsCallback);
        return;
      }
      delete options.timeoutMs;
      this.trace_('[runJobsQuery] job not complete');
      job!.getQueryResults(options, callback as QueryRowsCallback);
    });
  }

  /**
   * Check if the given Query can run using the `jobs.query` endpoint.
   * Returns a bigquery.IQueryRequest that can be used to call `jobs.query`.
   * Return undefined if is not possible to convert to a bigquery.IQueryRequest.
   *
   * @param query string | Query
   * @param options QueryOptions
   * @returns bigquery.IQueryRequest | undefined
   */
  private buildQueryRequest_(
    query: string | Query,
    options: QueryOptions
  ): bigquery.IQueryRequest | undefined {
    if (process.env.FAST_QUERY_PATH === 'DISABLED') {
      return undefined;
    }
    const queryObj: Query =
      typeof query === 'string'
        ? {
            query: query,
          }
        : query;
    this.trace_('[buildQueryRequest]', query, options, queryObj);
    // This is a denylist of settings which prevent us from composing an equivalent
    // bq.QueryRequest due to differences between configuration parameters accepted
    // by jobs.insert vs jobs.query.
    if (
      !!queryObj.destination ||
      !!queryObj.tableDefinitions ||
      !!queryObj.createDisposition ||
      !!queryObj.writeDisposition ||
      (!!queryObj.priority && queryObj.priority !== 'INTERACTIVE') ||
      queryObj.useLegacySql ||
      !!queryObj.maximumBillingTier ||
      !!queryObj.timePartitioning ||
      !!queryObj.rangePartitioning ||
      !!queryObj.clustering ||
      !!queryObj.destinationEncryptionConfiguration ||
      !!queryObj.schemaUpdateOptions ||
      !!queryObj.jobTimeoutMs ||
      // User has defined the jobID generation behavior
      !!queryObj.jobId
    ) {
      return undefined;
    }

    if (queryObj.dryRun) {
      return undefined;
    }

    if (options.job) {
      return undefined;
    }
    const req: bigquery.IQueryRequest = {
      useQueryCache: queryObj.useQueryCache,
      labels: queryObj.labels,
      defaultDataset: queryObj.defaultDataset,
      createSession: queryObj.createSession,
      maximumBytesBilled: queryObj.maximumBytesBilled,
      timeoutMs: options.timeoutMs,
      location: queryObj.location || options.location,
      formatOptions: {
        useInt64Timestamp: true,
      },
      maxResults: queryObj.maxResults || options.maxResults,
      query: queryObj.query,
      useLegacySql: false,
      requestId: uuid.v4(),
      jobCreationMode: 'JOB_CREATION_OPTIONAL',
    };
    if (!this._enableQueryPreview) {
      delete req.jobCreationMode;
    }
    const {parameterMode, params} = this.buildQueryParams_(
      queryObj.params,
      queryObj.types
    );
    if (params) {
      req.queryParameters = params;
    }
    if (parameterMode) {
      req.parameterMode = parameterMode;
    }
    return req;
  }

  private runJobsQuery(
    req: bigquery.IQueryRequest,
    callback?: JobsQueryCallback
  ): void | Promise<JobsQueryResponse> {
    this.trace_('[runJobsQuery]', req, callback);
    this.request(
      {
        method: 'POST',
        uri: '/queries',
        json: req,
      },
      async (err, res: bigquery.IQueryResponse) => {
        this.trace_('jobs.query res:', res, err);
        if (err) {
          callback!(err, null, res);
          return;
        }
        let job: Job | null = null;
        if (res.jobReference) {
          const jobRef = res.jobReference;
          job = this.job(jobRef.jobId!, {
            location: jobRef.location,
          });
        } else if (res.queryId) {
          job = this.job(res.queryId); // stateless query
        }
        callback!(null, job, res);
      }
    );
  }

  /**
   * This method will be called by `createQueryStream()`. It is required to
   * properly set the `autoPaginate` option value.
   *
   * @private
   */
  queryAsStream_(query: Query, callback?: SimpleQueryRowsCallback) {
    if (query.job) {
      query.job.getQueryResults(query, callback as QueryRowsCallback);
      return;
    }

    const {location, maxResults, pageToken, wrapIntegers, parseJSON} = query;

    const opts = {
      location,
      maxResults,
      pageToken,
      wrapIntegers,
      parseJSON,
      autoPaginate: false,
    };

    delete query.location;
    delete query.maxResults;
    delete query.pageToken;
    delete query.wrapIntegers;
    delete query.parseJSON;

    this.query(query, opts, callback);
  }

  static setLogFunction = setLogFunction;
}

/*! Developer Documentation
 *
 * These methods can be auto-paginated.
 */
paginator.extend(BigQuery, ['getDatasets', 'getJobs']);

/*! Developer Documentation
 *
 * All async methods (except for streams) will return a Promise in the event
 * that a callback is omitted.
 */
promisifyAll(BigQuery, {
  exclude: [
    'dataset',
    'date',
    'datetime',
    'geography',
    'int',
    'job',
    'time',
    'timestamp',
  ],
});

/**
 * Date class for BigQuery.
 */
export class BigQueryDate {
  value: string;
  constructor(value: BigQueryDateOptions | string) {
    if (typeof value === 'object') {
      value = BigQuery.datetime(value).value;
    }
    this.value = value;
  }
}

/**
 * Geography class for BigQuery.
 */
export class Geography {
  value: string;
  constructor(value: string) {
    this.value = value;
  }
}

/**
 * Timestamp class for BigQuery.
 *
 * The recommended input here is a `Date` or `PreciseDate` class.
 * If passing as a `string`, it should be Timestamp literals: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#timestamp_literals.
 * When passing a `number` input, it should be epoch seconds in float representation.
 *
 */
export class BigQueryTimestamp {
  value: string;
  constructor(value: Date | PreciseDate | string | number) {
    let pd: PreciseDate;
    if (value instanceof PreciseDate) {
      pd = value;
    } else if (value instanceof Date) {
      pd = new PreciseDate(value);
    } else if (typeof value === 'string') {
      if (/^\d{4}-\d{1,2}-\d{1,2}/.test(value)) {
        pd = new PreciseDate(value);
      } else {
        const floatValue = Number.parseFloat(value);
        if (!Number.isNaN(floatValue)) {
          pd = this.fromFloatValue_(floatValue);
        } else {
          pd = new PreciseDate(value);
        }
      }
    } else {
      pd = this.fromFloatValue_(value);
    }
    // to keep backward compatibility, only converts with microsecond
    // precision if needed.
    if (pd.getMicroseconds() > 0) {
      this.value = pd.toISOString();
    } else {
      this.value = new Date(pd.getTime()).toJSON();
    }
  }

  fromFloatValue_(value: number): PreciseDate {
    const secs = Math.trunc(value);
    // Timestamps in BigQuery have microsecond precision, so we must
    // return a round number of microseconds.
    const micros = Math.trunc((value - secs) * 1e6 + 0.5);
    const pd = new PreciseDate([secs, micros * 1000]);
    return pd;
  }
}

/**
 * Datetime class for BigQuery.
 */
export class BigQueryDatetime {
  value: string;
  constructor(value: BigQueryDatetimeOptions | string) {
    if (typeof value === 'object') {
      let time;
      if (value.hours) {
        time = BigQuery.time(value).value;
      }
      const y = value.year;
      const m = value.month;
      const d = value.day;
      time = time ? ' ' + time : '';
      value = `${y}-${m}-${d}${time}`;
    } else {
      value = value.replace(/^(.*)T(.*)Z$/, '$1 $2');
    }
    this.value = value as string;
  }
}

/**
 * Time class for BigQuery.
 */
export class BigQueryTime {
  value: string;
  constructor(value: BigQueryTimeOptions | string) {
    if (typeof value === 'object') {
      const h = value.hours;
      const m = value.minutes || 0;
      const s = value.seconds || 0;
      const f = is.defined(value.fractional) ? '.' + value.fractional : '';
      value = `${h}:${m}:${s}${f}`;
    }
    this.value = value as string;
  }
}

/**
 * Build a BigQueryInt object. For long integers, a string can be provided.
 *
 * @class
 * @param {string|number|IntegerTypeCastValue} value The 'INT64' value.
 * @param {object} [typeCastOptions] Configuration to convert
 *     values of 'INT64' type to a custom value. Must provide an
 *     `integerTypeCastFunction` to handle conversion.
 * @param {function} typeCastOptions.integerTypeCastFunction A custom user
 *     provided function to convert value.
 * @param {string|string[]} [typeCastOptions.fields] Schema field
 *     names to be converted using `integerTypeCastFunction`.
 *
 * @example
 * ```
 * const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');
 * const bigquery = new BigQuery();
 * const anInt = bigquery.int(7);
 * ```
 */
export class BigQueryInt extends Number {
  type: string;
  value: string;
  typeCastFunction?: Function;
  private _schemaFieldName: string | undefined;
  constructor(
    value: string | number | IntegerTypeCastValue,
    typeCastOptions?: IntegerTypeCastOptions
  ) {
    super(typeof value === 'object' ? value.integerValue : value);
    this._schemaFieldName =
      typeof value === 'object' ? value.schemaFieldName : undefined;
    this.value =
      typeof value === 'object'
        ? value.integerValue.toString()
        : value.toString();

    this.type = 'BigQueryInt';

    if (typeCastOptions) {
      if (typeof typeCastOptions.integerTypeCastFunction !== 'function') {
        throw new Error(
          'integerTypeCastFunction is not a function or was not provided.'
        );
      }

      const typeCastFields = typeCastOptions.fields
        ? arrify(typeCastOptions.fields)
        : undefined;

      let customCast = true;

      if (typeCastFields) {
        customCast = this._schemaFieldName
          ? typeCastFields.includes(this._schemaFieldName)
            ? true
            : false
          : false;
      }

      customCast &&
        (this.typeCastFunction = typeCastOptions.integerTypeCastFunction);
    }
  }
  // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
  valueOf(): any {
    const shouldCustomCast = this.typeCastFunction ? true : false;

    if (shouldCustomCast) {
      try {
        return this.typeCastFunction!(this.value);
      } catch (error) {
        if (error instanceof Error) {
          error.message = `integerTypeCastFunction threw an error:\n\n  - ${error.message}`;
        }
        throw error;
      }
    } else {
      return BigQuery.decodeIntegerValue_({
        integerValue: this.value,
        schemaFieldName: this._schemaFieldName,
      });
    }
  }

  toJSON(): Json {
    return {type: this.type, value: this.value};
  }
}

export interface Json {
  [field: string]: string;
}