Hopefully fixes coder/internal#715 this time.

Second attempt at this.
Previous attempt incorrectly returned all rows for which there existed a prebuild that had previously had a successful start transition at some point: #18588

Explain before (71.1ms): https://explain.dalibo.com/plan/9be18ab833b7a000
Explain after (9.8ms): https://explain.dalibo.com/plan/b4a94742gaha229g (EDIT: not selecting from correct CTE)
Explain after (11.2ms): https://explain.dalibo.com/plan/bea42b563ff7fbe7

Manually verified against dogfood db:

$ psql '<db url>' -f a.sql > a.txt
$ psql '<db url>' -f b.sql > b.txt
$ diff a.txt b.txt
28d27
<  18aa3c11-c1eb-4fc6-ae3b-8cbd01f81f21 | prebuild-hiyghekkb3gv2vq | 99064381-8750-407f-9d30-91f38b7911cc | 5d91f37e-5872-4821-b6ed-90574082628e | bdc27adb-7a8e-4a6f-9922-5a0f4a3885da | f     | 2025-07-02 13:34:58.537656+00
32a32
>  18aa3c11-c1eb-4fc6-ae3b-8cbd01f81f21 | prebuild-hiyghekkb3gv2vq | 99064381-8750-407f-9d30-91f38b7911cc | 5d91f37e-5872-4821-b6ed-90574082628e | bdc27adb-7a8e-4a6f-9922-5a0f4a3885da | f     | 2025-07-02 13:34:58.537656+00
$ diff <(sort a.txt) <(sort b.txt)
$ 

Diff is only due to unstable row order, also added additional testing in coderd/database/querier_test.go to validate changes.

If we want to be super careful about this, I can instead break out the updated query into a new function and diff the old versus the new on each reconcile call.