Shuhan He

Harvard University | Harvard

People experiencing homelessness are more likely to utilize emergency departments than their non-homeless counterparts. However, obtaining a bed in a homeless shelter for patients can be complex. To better understand the challenges of finding a safe discharge plan for homeless patients in the emergency department, our team conducted interviews with...

The advent of patient access to complex medical information online has highlighted the need for simplification of biomedical text to improve patient understanding and engagement in taking ownership of their health. However, comprehension of biomedical text remains a difficult task due to the need for domain-specific expertise. We aimed to study the...

Scientific research is driven by allocation of funding to different research projects based in part on the predicted scientific impact of the work. Data-driven algorithms can inform decision-making of scarce funding resources by identifying likely high-impact studies using bibliometrics. Compared to standardized citation-based metrics alone, we uti...

Shannon entropy is a core concept in machine learning and information theory, particularly in decision tree modeling. To date, no studies have extensively and quantitatively applied Shannon entropy in a systematic way to quantify the entropy of clinical situations using diagnostic variables (true and false positives and negatives, respectively). De...

Introduction: The usage of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in trauma patients has increased significantly within the past decade. Despite increased research on ECMO application in trauma patients, there remains limited data on factors predicting morbidity and mortality outcome. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to descri...

Scientific research is propelled by allocation of funding to different research projects based in part on the predicted scientific impact of the work. Data-driven algorithms can inform decision-making of funding by identifying likely high-impact studies using bibliometrics. Compared to standardized citation-based metrics alone, we utilize a machine...

Healthcare resources are published annually in repositories such as the AHA Annual Survey DatabaseTM. However, these data repositories are created via manual surveying techniques which are cumbersome in collection and not updated as frequently as website information of the respective hospital systems represented. Also, this resource is not widely a...

Shannon entropy is a core concept in machine learning and information theory, particularly in decision tree modeling. Decision tree representations of medical decision-making tools can be generated using diagnostic metrics found in literature and entropy removal can be calculated for these tools. This analysis was done for 623 diagnostic tools and...

Background: To describe the influence of COVID-19 caseload surges and overall capacity in the intensive care unit (ICU) on mortality among US population and census divisions. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the national COVID ActNow database between January 1, 2021 until March 1, 2022. The main outcome used was COVID-19 weekly mortality rat...

Abstract Background To describe the influence of COVID-19 caseload surges and overall capacity in the intensive care unit (ICU) on mortality among US population and census divisions. Methods A retrospective analysis of the national COVID ActNow database between January 1, 2021 until March 1, 2022. The main outcome used was COVID-19 weekly mortality...

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Background: Memes have gone "viral," gaining increasing prominence as an effective communications strategy based on their unique ability to engage, educate, and mobilize target audiences in a call to action through a cost-efficient and culturally relevant approach. Within the medical community in particular, visual media has evolved as a means to...

We aimed to study the simplification of biomedical text via large language models (LLMs). Specifically, we finetuned three language models to perform substitutions of complex words and word phrases for their respective hypernym in biomedical definitions. This process was then evaluated by readability metrics, and two measures of sentence complexity...

BACKGROUND Opioid use disorder is a serious medical condition becoming increasingly prevalent today, affecting over 2.1 million located in the United States and over 16 million people worldwide. The condition can be detrimental if left untreated and can gravely affect the patient’s life and those around them. Within the years, digital media has bee...

Across various industries, the right to repair (RTR) movement has gained momentum as more than 20 states have proposed RTR laws to expand access to repair of consumer products. Medical device equipment shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated that stronger repair mechanisms are necessary for the US health system to become more efficient,...

Background As the United States continues to tackle the opioid epidemic, it is imperative for digital healthcare organizations to provide Internet users with accurate and accessible online resources so that they can make informed decisions with regards to their health. Objective The primary objectives were to adapt and modify a previously establis...

Introduction The Military Match is the residency matching system for medical students attending the Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, and the students were funded by the Health Professions Scholarship Program through the U.S. Army, Air Force, and Navy. To evaluate and compare military residency programs, students use residency progr...

This study surveyed patients admitted to the emergency department or surgical units at a single hospital to compare an emoji-based pain scale with a conventional numeric rating scale.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Get Us PPE provided a platform aimed at connecting prospective donors of personal protective equipment (PPE) to prospective recipients of PPE. Requests by donors and recipients were collected over time, and periodically, the PPE matching problem was solved in order to instruct each donor to ship a certain quantity of P...

BACKGROUND Due to the changes brought by the coronavirus pandemic on medical education, many students will have limited in person exposure to Anesthesiology programs and will rely on information gleaned digitally. Consequently, program websites used to provide information will become crucial in helping students decide where and how to apply in the...

Background: The Association of American Medical Colleges has recently issued recommendations for the upcoming 2022-2023 application cycle that residency programs should conduct all interviews for this upcoming application cycle over the web. In light of these recommendations, many students will have limited exposure to anesthesiology programs and...

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a global health emergency that triggered an acute shortage of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), putting essential healthcare workers at risk. Starting March 2020, given the skyrocketing prices of PPE in the open market, healthcare institutions were confronted with the dire need to reshape their PPE procurement strate...

Covid Act Now (CAN) developed an epidemiological model that takes various non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) into account and predicts viral spread and subsequent health outcomes. In this study, the projections of the model developed by CAN were back-tested against real-world data and it was found that the model consistently overestimated hosp...

UNSTRUCTURED Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major public health concern in the United States. The opioid crisis has taken hundreds of thousands of lives in the past 20 years, and it is predicted to take millions more. With these rising death tolls, it is essential that healthcare providers are able to use proper tools to treat OUD efficiently and e...

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a major public health concern in the United States. The opioid crisis has taken hundreds of thousands of lives in the past 20 years, and it is predicted to take millions more. With the rising death tolls, it is essential that health care providers are able to use proper tools to treat OUD efficiently and effectively thr...

GetUsPPE.org has built a centralized platform to facilitate matches for PPE donations, with an active role in matching donors with the appropriate recipients. A manual match process was limited by volunteer hours, thus we developed an open-access matching algorithm using a linear programming-based transportation model. From April 14, 2020 to April...

Importance The randomization process is considered among the most important components of a randomized control trial (RCTs) and a core advantage of RCTs. Proper randomization should eliminate most population biases, in which some populations, or members of a population are more likely to be selected or not selected than others, such that similar co...

Unicode was established in 1991 and is the worldwide standard for characters which assigns a code for each letter, character, and symbol in every language. Unicode enables users to send and retrieve data with any character or letter. In other words, Unicode allows for an “A” to show up as an “A” on multiple devices running different operating syste...

Problem As of 2020, less than 5% of physicians in the United States have a drug enforcement administration-X waiver to prescribe buprenorphine. The coronavirus-2019 pandemic restricted in-person gatherings, including traditional drug enforcement administration-X waiver courses. As a result, in-person conferences have needed to adopt remote formats....

Introduction: Although emergency department (ED) discharge presents patient-safety challenges and opportunities, the ways in which EDs address discharge risk in the general ED population remains disparate and largely uncharacterized. In this study our goal was to conduct a review of how EDs identify and target patients at increased risk at time of...

In 2010 emoji were officially introduced to the global lexicon as part of Unicode, the computing standards adhered to by most of the world's word processing systems. Today an emoji occupies the same status in Unicode as the Latin letter A, or Chinese character 愛, or Arabic غ, and an estimated 5 billion are used every day on Facebook and in Facebook...

BACKGROUND As the United States continues to tackle the opioid epidemic, it is imperative for digital healthcare organizations to provide internet users accurate and accessible online resources so that they can make informed decisions with regards to their health. The aim of this study was to analyze the usability of opioid-use disorder (OUD) websi...

Objectives The Council of Residency Directors (CORD) in Emergency Medicine (EM) has recommended that all residency programs should conduct virtual interviews for the 2020 to 2021 application cycle due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. While factors such as geographical region, city, program size, or hospital affiliation are not modifiable, EM residencies c...

BACKGROUND Social media use by the public is at an all-time high and provides a convenient method of reaching broad audiences for public health agendas. Despite this, quantifying the impact of social media on health campaigns has proven to be a challenge, largely due to a lack of consistency in the metrics used, which can be unclear and variably ef...

UNSTRUCTURED Introduction With the growing importance of communicating with the public via the Web, many industries have used Web Analytics to provide information that organizations can use to improve their website usability and better achieve their goals. Although the importance of healthcare websites has also grown, as a whole, the healthcare ind...

With the growing importance of communicating with the public via the web, many industries have used web analytics to provide information that organizations can use to better achieve their goals. Although the importance of health care websites has also grown, the health care industry has been slower to adopt the use of web analytics. Web analytics a...

BACKGROUND Many healthcare organizations are now tasked with providing web-based health resources and information. Usability refers to the ease of user experience on a website. Our objective was to adapt pre-existing usability scoring systems for United States academic medical center websites, then apply this system to a sample for the purposes of...

Background Health care organizations are tasked with providing web-based health resources and information. Usability refers to the ease of user experience on a website. In this study, we conducted a usability analysis of academic medical centers in the United States, which, to the best of our knowledge, has not been previously carried out. Objecti...

The COVID-19 pandemic has created unique challenges for the U.S. healthcare system due to the staggering mismatch between healthcare system capacity and patient demand. The healthcare industry has been a relatively slow adopter of digital innovation due to the conventional belief that humans need to be at the center of healthcare delivery tasks. Ho...

COVID-19 has highlighted an opportunity for medical professionals to engage in online Public Engagement with Science (PES). Currently a popular platform for PES is Reddit. Reddit provides an Ask Me Anything (AMA) format for subject matter experts to answer questions asked by the public. On March 11, 2020, from 2:00 to 4:00pm EST, two Emergency Depa...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the essential role of palliative care to support the delivery of compassionate, goal-concordant patient care. We created the web-based application, PalliCOVID (https://pallicovid.app/), in April 2020 to provide all clinicians with convenient access to palliative care resources and support. PalliCOVID...

BACKGROUND As the public increasingly looks to the internet for resources and information regarding health and medicine, it is important that healthcare organizations provide adequate web resources. Usability refers to the ease of user experience on a website. In this study, we focus on usability analyses for digital health center websites. Our obj...

Background As the public increasingly uses the internet to search for resources and information regarding health and medicine, it is important that health care organizations provide adequate web resources. Website usability refers to the ease of user experience on a website. In this study, we conducted usability analyses on digital health center we...

UNSTRUCTURED Physicians, nurses, and other healthcare providers initiated the #GetMePPE movement on Twitter to spread awareness of the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dwindling supplies, such as face masks, gowns and goggles, and inadequate production to meet increasing demands, has left healthcare work...

Unstructured: Physicians, nurses, and other healthcare providers initiated the #GetMePPE movement on Twitter to spread awareness of the shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dwindling supplies, such as face masks, gowns and goggles, and inadequate production to meet increasing demands, has left healthcare wo...

Blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction has been implicated in ischemic risk following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), but never directly imaged. We prospectively examined whether post-bleed day 4 dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (DCE-MR) BBB permeability imaging could predict development of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Glo...

Objectives: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) can result in vascular dementia and small vessel white matter ischemic injury. These findings have previously been demonstrated in a murine experimental model of CCH secondary to bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). This study sought to elucidate the effects of CCH on recognition memory...

Table S1. Hospital Bed‐Size Categories1

Background Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a major predictor of subsequent stroke. No study has assessed nation‐wide trends in hospitalization for TIA in the United States. Methods and Results Temporal trends in hospitalization for TIA (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 435.0–435.9) from 2000 to 2010 were assessed am...

Background Population‐based studies have revealed declining acute ischemic stroke (AIS) hospitalization rates in the United States, but no study has assessed recent temporal trends in race/ethnic‐, age‐, and sex‐specific AIS hospitalization rates. Methods and Results Temporal trends in hospitalization for AIS from 2000 to 2010 were assessed among...

This study examines the effects of nano-size particulate matter (nPM) exposure in the setting of murine reperfused stroke. Particulate matter is a potent source of inflammation and oxidative stress. These processes are known to influence stroke progression through recruitment of marginally viable penumbral tissue into the ischemic core. nPM was col...

Inflammation is believed to play an important role in the progression of acute stroke. Air pollution is a potent environmental source of inflammation and oxidative stress. We sought to examine the impact of inhalation of airborne particulate matter (PM) derived from urban traffic on the progression of brain injury following acute stroke. Urban PM w...

The persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is the largest and most commonly occurring remnant fetal arteries, typically originating from the posterior bend or lateral wall of the intracavernous carotid artery. There are no published reports of coexisting PTA and midline epithelial tumors. We describe a coincident case of craniopharyngioma associated wi...

Introduction Organized stroke systems of care include preferential emergency medical services (EMS) routing to deliver suspected stroke patients to designated hospitals. To characterize the growth and implementation of EMS routing of stroke nationwide, we describe the proportion of stroke hospitalizations in the United States (U.S.) occurring withi...

Object: As health care administrators focus on patient safety and cost-effectiveness, methodical assessment of quality outcome measures is critical. In 2008 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) published a series of "never events" that included 11 hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) for which related costs of treatment are not reim...

Patients with cerebrovascular disease undergo complex surgical procedures, often requiring prolonged inpatient hospitalization. Prior studies have demonstrated associations between racial/demographic factors and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cerebrovascular procedures (CVPs). The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have publ...

The C5 complement protein is a potent inflammatory mediator that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both stroke and neurodegenerative disease. Microvascular failure is proposed as a potential mechanism of injury. Along these lines, this investigation examines the role of C5 in the setting of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Following experim...

Object: Meningiomas are among the most common primary adult brain tumors. Although typically benign, roughly 2%-5% display malignant pathological features. The key molecular pathways involved in malignant transformation remain to be determined. Methods: Illumina expression microarrays were used to assess gene expression levels, and Illumina sing...

Object: A more comprehensive understanding of the epigenetic abnormalities associated with meningioma tumorigenesis, growth, and invasion may provide useful targets for molecular classification and development of targeted therapies for meningiomas. Methods: The authors performed a review of the current literature to identify the epigenetic modif...

Background: A persistent primitive hypoglossal artery (PHA) is a rare congenital caroticobasilar anastomosis with a reported prevalence of 0.027%-0.26%. Intracranial aneurysms occur with a frequency of approximately 26% in the setting of PHAs. Case description: PHAs typically originate from the proximal cervical internal carotid artery. To date,...

Background: Mechanical revascularization procedures performed for treatment of acute ischemic stroke have increased in recent years. Data suggest association between operative volume and mortality rates. Understanding procedural allocation and patient access patterns is critical. Few studies have examined these demographics. Methods: Data were c...

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a higher degree of morbidity and mortality than other stroke subtypes. Despite this burden, currently approved treatments have demonstrated limited efficacy. To date, therapeutic strategies have principally targeted hematoma expansion and resultant mass effect. However, secondary mechanisms of brain...

Background: Organized stroke systems of care include preferential emergency medical services (EMS) routing to deliver suspected stroke patients to designated hospitals. EMS transport of stroke patients is regulated at the State and County level in the United States (US). We aimed to characterize the growth of EMS regional systems of acute stroke ca...

Background: Endovascular stroke treatment volume has significantly increased in recent years. Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database in 2008 demonstrates an association between improved outcomes and centers that perform substantial procedural volume (>10/year). Few reports have described demographics of patient populations or cent...

Meningiomas are central nervous system tumors that originate from the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord. Most meningiomas are pathologically benign or atypical, but 3-5% display malignant features. Despite previous studies on benign and atypical meningiomas, the key molecular pathways involved in malignant transformation remain to be...

DNA methylation levels of glioma-related genes in meningiomas. Heatmap illustrating DNA methylation β values of core enriched genes in glioma-related biological pathways. Genes that belong to the core enrichment group were highlighted. The color in each cell represents gene DNA methylation levels (red: higher methylation; blue: lower methylation)....

Differential DNA methylation vs. differential expression in meningiomas. The scatter plots with smoothed density for visualizing the relationship of differential DNA methylation with differential gene expression in our study. DNA methylation levels at core promoters (TSS200), remote promoters (TSS1500), 1st Exons (1stEXON), 5′UTR, 3′UTR and gene bo...

Expression levels of DNMT1 gene in meningiomas. A) Comparison of DNMT1 gene expression in malignant and benign tumor samples in our study (five benign and five malignant samples)+. The data showed a trend of increased DNMT1 expression in malignant meningiomas, although statistically not significant; B) Comparison of DNMT1 gene expression in maligna...

Expression of genes with hypermethylated CpG islands. Expression of genes with hypermethylated CpG islands at promoter regions. Group mean expression values for those genes were calculated for malignant and benign meningiomas. Also the information of PRC targeting was included in the last column. (DOCX)

DNA methylation vs. gene expression using publicly available expression data in meningiomas. The scatter plots with smoothed density for visualizing the relationship of promoter DNA methylation with publicly available gene expression data (see methods) in malignant and benign meningiomas (Figure S3A, S3B). The relationship of promoter differential...

DNA methylation vs. gene expression using publicly available data in glioma. The scatter plots with smoothed density for visualizing the relationship of glioma DNA methylation levels at different genic regions with gene expression data. Group mean values of twenty-seven glioma samples were used for analysis. (TIF)

Expression data of genes hypomethylated at core promoter regions. Expression levels for genes severely hypomethylated at core promoters were compared in malignant and benign meningiomas. Group mean and standard error of mean (SEM) values were included in the table. (DOCX)

Distribution of the CpG islands at different genomic regions. Distribution of the CpG islands at different genomic regions. Distribution at genomic regions such as gene promoter, gene downstream, 5′UTR, 3′UTR, coding exon, intron and distal intergenic regions was compared for the hypomethylated, hypermethylated and all CpG islands. (DOCX)

Cerebral vasospasm is a major source of morbidity and mortality in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Evidence suggests a multifactorial etiology and this concept remains supported by the assortment of therapeutic modalities under investigation. The authors provide an updated review of the literature for previous and recent cl...

Delayed cerebral vasospasm is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). While the cellular mechanisms underlying vasospasm remain unclear, it is believed that inflammation may play a critical role in vasospasm. Matrix metalloproteinasees (MMPs) are a family of extracellular and membrane-bound...

Background: An increasing number of endovascular mechanical thrombectomy procedures are being performed for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. This study examines variances in the allocation of these procedures in the United States at the hospital level. We investigate operative volume across centers performing mechanical revascularization an...