Table 1 Gestational age estimation.

From: A mobile-optimized artificial intelligence system for gestational age and fetal malpresentation assessment

 

Sweeps collected by sonographers

Sweeps collected by novices

Standard ultrasound device

Low-cost handheld device

Standard ultrasound device

Low-cost handheld device

Number

406

104

112

56

Blind-sweep MAE ± sd (days)

3.8 ± 3.6

3.3 ± 2.8

4.4 ± 3.5

5.0 ± 4.0

Standard fetal biometry estimates MAE ± sd (days)

5.2 ± 4.6

3.8 ± 3.6

4.8 ± 3.7

4.7 ± 4.0

Blind sweep—standard fetal biometry mean difference ± sd (days)

−1.4 ± 4.5

−0.6 ± 3.8

−0.4 ± 4.8

0.4 ± 5.1

MAE difference 95% CI (days)

−1.8, −0.9

−1.3, 0.1

−1.3, 0.5

−1.0, 1.7

Blind sweep ME ± sd (days)

−0.9 ± 5.3

0.4 ± 4.4

−1.5 ± 5.5

−3.8 ± 5.4

Standard fetal biometry estimates ME ± sd (days)

−1.4 ± 7.0

−0.25 ± 5.4

−2.6 ± 5.3

−3.4 ± 5.2

Reduced blind-sweep protocol MAE ± sd (days)

4.0 ± 3.7

3.5 ± 3.0

4.5 ± 3.5

5.1 ± 4.2

  1. Mean absolute error (MAE) and mean error (ME) between gestational age (GA) estimated using the blind-sweep procedure and ground truth, and the MAE and ME between the GA estimated using the standard fetal biometry ultrasound procedure and ground truth. One visit by each participant eligible for each subgroup was selected at random. The reduced blind-sweep protocol (last row) included only two blind sweeps. All other blind-sweep results used a set of six blind sweeps per patient visit. All fetal biometry GA estimates were collected by expert sonographers using standard ultrasound devices.