Extended Data Table 2 Daily frequency of true- and false-positive alerts when predicting different stages of AKI

From: A clinically applicable approach to continuous prediction of future acute kidney injury

  1. The frequency and standard deviation of alerts are shown for a time window of 48 h and an operating point corresponding to a 1:2 true-positive:false-positive ratio (n = 5,101 days). On an average day, clinicians would receive true-positive alerts of AKI predicted to occur within a window of 48 h ahead in 0.85% of all in-hospital patients and a false-positive prediction of a future AKI in 1.89% of patients, when predicting future AKI of any severity. Assuming none of the false positives can be filtered out and immediately discarded, clinicians would need to attend to approximately 2.7% of all in-hospital patients. For the most-severe stages of AKI, on an average day the model provides positive alerts for 0.8% of all patients. Of these, 0.27% are true positives and 0.56% are false positives. Note that there are multiple time steps at which the predictions are made within each day, so the true-positive:false-positive ratio of the daily alerts differs slightly from the stepwise ratio. a, Daily frequency of true and false positive alerts when predicting any stage of AKI. b, Daily frequency of true- and false-positive alerts when predicting KDIGO AKI stages 2 and above. c, Daily frequency of true- and false-positive alerts when predicting the most-severe stage of AKI (KDIGO AKI stage 3).
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