Switching from a conventional keyboard to an ergonomic one is a giant leap. Whether you buy a curved one-piece keyboard or a two-piece split-layout model, developing the muscle memory needed to type quickly can take weeks. Also, some ergonomic keyboards are much costlier than your average office model. The extra learning time and money can be worth it, but starting with the proper hardware is crucial. PCMag analysts have been testing keyboards for decades, and if you're motivated enough to switch to one of these specialty devices, whether due to an injury or just curiosity, we've outlined here the best ergonomic keyboards we've tested. Our current best ergonomic keyboard for most people is the Logitech Ergo K860. But before you commit, check out our basic buying advice, and know that we stand behind all our picks for different budgets and usage scenarios.

Investing in an ergonomic keyboard is more than a technical upgrade; it’s an investment in your health. Ergonomic boards are designed to mitigate the damage that using a keyboard does to your hands, wrists, and shoulders after years of daily use. Repetitive strain injuries (RSIs), which are caused by making the same motions over and over again over a long period of time, are endemic to using a keyboard and mouse. (The commonly known carpal tunnel syndrome, caused by pressure on the median nerve in the hand extending into the wrist, is a form of RSI.) If you sit at a traditional keyboard and type all day, five days a week, some damage is likely, if not inevitable. Ergonomic keyboards theoretically reduce that damage by eliminating some of the unnatural and, whether you notice it or not, strenuous motions involved with typing, gaming, and otherwise using a keyboard. 

To understand how ergonomic keyboards improve things for you, it helps to talk about all the ways that using a keyboard can cause RSIs.

Typing on traditional keyboards forces you to make a series of unnatural movements. First, you twist your arms so they lay flat, parallel to the keyboard. Depending on the width of the keyboard, you may reach laterally, twisting your wrist in an unnatural way and overextending your fingers, to hit certain keys. If you lay your wrists flat on a table in front of your keyboard, you’ll have to bend your wrists up for them to reach the keys. Bringing your arms together in front of you to reach your default typing position also involves flexing muscles in your shoulders and back.

(Credit: Mike Epstein)

To fix these problems, ergonomic keyboards reimagine the keyboard in ways that minimize or take these strenuous twists and bends out of the equation. Most ergonomic keyboards split the letter keys into two halves, rotating the keys so they point down toward the lower corners of the keyboard. Rotating the keys allows your arms to approach the keyboard from a more natural angle. Split keyboards, which spread the keyboard across two halves or chassis, give you the ability to customize your rotation by placing the two sides of the keyboard as far apart as you'd like.

(Credit: Mike Epstein)

Most also use some means of "tenting," reshaping the keyboard so it's higher in the center, with the keys falling away on either side. Typing on an angled surface reduces how far your wrist needs to twist to lay flat on the keys. Some keyboards do this by curving the chassis of the keyboard up into an arc. Others use folding feet, similar to the ones you'll find under a standard keyboard, to prop up the middle or inside edges. A few keyboards require an optional attachment to set up tenting; we recommend spending the extra money if the keyboard otherwise meets your needs.

(Credit: Mike Epstein)

Speaking of feet, a good ergonomic keyboard will feature feet beneath the near side of the keyboard, not the far. This angle, known as reverse tilt, is also better for your wrists: From a natural position, the front end of the keyboard should meet your wrist. Every good keyboard will also come with a well-padded wrist rest. Having a pad that supports your wrists and forearms helps you maintain a comfortable position for an extended period of time.

(Credit: Mike Epstein)

In addition to rotating and tenting, some ergo keyboards will set their keys at different depths to adjust for the different lengths of your fingers. Last, some ergonomic models take the drastic step of rearranging the keys. Normally, the letters remain in the QWERTY layout, but frequently used keys like Control, Alt, and the Windows/Apple key may get moved around. (The function keys should generally stay where they belong.)

(Credit: Tom Brant)

Changes to the keyboard layout increase the learning curve, but they can make for a better experience over time. Choosing the right key switches that suit your typing style can also go a long way in preventing RSIs and promoting overall keyboard comfort. You'll want to consult with your doctor if you're already experiencing pain; a light-touch key switch type like the Cherry MX Red might be a more beneficial choice than a Cherry MX Brown switch set, for example. The right mechanical keys are all down to your specific hand/wrist condition and comfort level.

Some, but not all, ergonomic keyboards are mechanical keyboards at heart, with mechanical switches that can deliver precise feedback. There's really no way to know until you try whether or not either will have a specific effect for you, though. The best you can do is make yourself aware of the custom-layout and key-switch options out there, and decide (in the case of a nonstandard layout) whether the extra acclimation work sounds worth it in the long run.

Split or Stay? Unibody vs. Two-Part Designs

Ergonomic keyboards come in a few different shapes and configurations, which operate on a sliding scale between the investment you need to put in (both in terms of adjustment time and cost), and what structural changes they’ll make to offer you a more supportive experience. 

Though different models tweak different things, such as relocating the Alt and Control keys, ergonomic keyboards generally break down into two categories: (1) single-piece/unibody ergonomic keyboards, which rotate the keys on the layout of a one-part chassis, and (2) as mentioned earlier, split-chassis models that physically separate into two adjustable halves.

Unibody models are curved to reduce wrist twisting and include other features to reduce impact on your arms. These keyboards tend to be less expensive and offer a shorter learning curve because, while they're not identical to conventional flat models, their typing experience is close to them. At the same time, there are certain ergonomic issues they cannot address, like the possibility that you may be reaching in with your arms to attain a proper typing position.

(Credit: Mike Epstein)

An ergonomically ideal keyboard puts all of the keys you need at fingers' length without forcing you to reach, bend your wrists, twist your arms, or curl your shoulder blades. That requires some amount of customization—we all have different body widths and wingspans—so for a guaranteed fit you’ll need a split keyboard. With the keyboard split into two halves, you control the width and the shape of the keyboard, so you can reposition it to fit your body.

(Credit: Mike Epstein)

Numeric keypads, while helpful for spreadsheet work, force lateral finger and wrist movement, so an ergonomics-first keyboard will use the tenkeyless (TKL) form factor. That said, many split-keyboard makers sell a free-standing keypad as an optional attachment, letting you place the keypad so it doesn't require any extraneous reaching or lateral wrist movement.

While one version may be more beneficial than the other depending on your specific situation and use case, it's best to judge ergonomic keyboards on a sliding scale based on need. If you're already experiencing pain or numbness when you type, a split keyboard is bound to give you the most relief. (You should also see a doctor if you haven't already.) Likewise, you should go for a split keyboard if damage down the road is a serious concern, you type a lot, and superior ergonomics is your goal for your next keyboard. 

If you're a fan of mechanical keyboards, you'll also want to go for a split model. Most split keyboards feature mechanical switches, while most unibody models use cheaper scissor switches or membrane-based keys to help keep the chassis slim and the price low. There are other features you're more likely to find on one type of ergonomic keyboard than the other. Many unibody keyboards, even budget models, are wireless. Many split keyboards have dedicated macro or shortcut keys on the left edge of the board.

That said, split keyboards don't always have all the features that power users want. Even programmable models often lack configuration software, for example. If you're in a quantitative field, you may not want to give up your keypad. If you don't currently feel any pain or weakness when you type, it may make sense to compromise and go with a more familiar unibody design. The fact of the matter is, any good ergo keyboard should help keep your wrists and arms healthier longer than the typical flat keyboard.

Time to Type: The Ergonomic Keyboard Learning Curve

How long it will take you to adapt to using an ergo keyboard? The answer depends entirely on the keyboard and the person. Some keyboards are easier to adapt to than others; generally speaking, adapting to a split keyboard takes more work than a unibody model, but the process varies based on your degree of typing skill and how much the physical change messes with your muscle memory.

(Credit: Mike Epstein)

In my experience, the over-under on regaining basic typing proficiency should be one or two weeks for a unibody ergonomic keyboard or two to four weeks for a split. It will likely take longer for you to reclaim your gold-standard words-per-minute rate if you're a typing ace. If you're hesitant about trying, or suddenly need to type as fast as possible, going back to a standard keyboard usually requires little readjustment time. In our experience going back and forth between regular and ergo keyboards, it does get easier every time we need to readjust to ergonomic keys, but there's always some adjustment period.

You can take steps to train yourself, which can make the process feel slower and more time-consuming at first but will ultimately require fewer days. With a split keyboard, start by pushing the two sides together, then slowly pull them further apart as you get comfortable. Likewise, if the keyboard has adjustable reverse tilt or tenting, start on the lowest incline and work your way up as you become more proficient.

An Ergo Board Is Only Part of the Puzzle

It's worth taking a moment to note the limitations of using ergonomic keyboards. The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health notes there isn't conclusive evidence showing that ergonomic keyboards can prevent repetitive stress injuries or musculoskeletal disorders. The institute, which informs guidance from OSHA and the CDC, still recommends them, though, based on their impact on posture. There is also widespread evidence that, at the bare minimum, ergonomic keyboards can help people who suffer from pain or numbness while typing manage those symptoms.

(Credit: Mike Epstein)

If you're looking to optimize the ergonomics in your home office, a new keyboard is only one of many steps you should take. Ergonomic mice, such as vertical mice and trackballs, can minimize stress on your mouse hand. It also helps to have a good office chair with lumbar support to promote good posture, and a desk that's the appropriate height for your body while you're sitting. The desk, depending on the design, may need a keyboard tray installed to help put the board at the proper level relative to your forearms.

Ready to Buy the Right Ergonomic Keyboard for You?

Now that you have a pretty good idea of how ergonomic keyboards vary and what to look for while shopping for one, which will you buy? Mechanical keyboard designs tend to predominate in the more expensive models. Most are standalone keyboards, but note that a few vendors offer an ergonomic mouse combo, with an ergonomic keyboard and an ergonomic mouse sold as one package. Those tend to be budget solutions; the best keyboard for you, though, likely lies in a standalone keyboard model.

If you're looking to go all in on optimizing your office space, also check out our guide to setting up an ergonomic home office. You should also look at the best ergonomic mice to find a new mouse to go along with your new keyboard.