User:Marshallsumter/Radiation astronomy/Courses/Principles/Syllabus/Spring

Samples from comet Wild 2 have been returned to Earth by NASA's Stardust spacecraft. Credit: Erica Hupp/ Merrilee Fellows and William Jeffs, NASA.{{free media}}

For those wishing to take a formally structured undergraduate university semester-length course, this is the Spring offering for principles of radiation astronomy. Resource titles here are conventional although the actual resource may appear slightly different. For example, X-ray astronomy has been changed to Radiation astronomy/X-rays which is a suggestion for naming resources. See Wikiversity:Naming conventions which is a proposal. There are no consensus approved naming conventions at Wikiversity. Re-directs will automatically take you to each resource.

General course details may be found at the Syllabus.

"Scientists have found minerals formed near the sun or other stars in the samples returned to Earth by NASA's Stardust spacecraft in January [2006]."

"The interesting thing is we are finding these high-temperature minerals in materials from the coldest place in the solar system."

"We have found very high-temperature minerals, which supports a particular model where strong bipolar jets coming out of the early sun propelled material formed near to the sun outward to the outer reaches of the solar system."

"It seems that comets are not composed entirely of volatile rich materials but rather are a mixture of materials formed at all temperature ranges, at places very near the early sun and at places very remote from it."

Spring hits for 30 d period

For some 219 course resources such as laboratories (L), lectures, mini-lectures, lessons, problems, and quizzes, the total hits over the 219 elements was 9302 for the last full week in February combined with the first full three weeks in March.

The breakdown per course elements was laboratories (L), 1.96 %, lectures, 76.1 %, lessons, 4.38 %, problems, 2.57 %, or quizzes, 14.9 %.

Highest individual course element is Mathematical astronomy at 1,007.

January 3, 2022, Monday

This image is a composite of several types of radiation astronomy: radio, infrared, visual, ultraviolet, soft and hard X-ray. Credit: NASA.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Radiation astronomy.

January 4, 2022, Tuesday

The invisible cloud is plummeting toward our galaxy at nearly 700,000 miles per hour. Credit: Saxton/Lockman/NRAO/AUI/NSF/Mellinger.{{free media}}

• Laboratory: Cosmogony laboratory, report is due on January 11, 2022.

• Quiz: Radiation astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Meteor astronomy.

January 5, 2022, Wednesday

The universe within 1 billion light-years (307 Mpc) of Earth is shown to contain the local superclusters, galaxy filaments and voids. Credit: Richard Powell.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Galaxy cluster astronomy.

January 6, 2022, Thursday

This is a visual image of lambda Boötis. Credit: Aladin at SIMBAD.{{free media}}

• Lesson: First blue source in Boötes, report due on January 13, 2022.

• Problem set: Energy phantoms, solutions including work steps due on January 13, 2022.

• Quiz: Meteor astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Galaxy cluster astronomy quiz.

January 7, 2022, Friday

The irregular galaxy NGC 1427A is passing through the Fornax cluster at nearly 600 kilometers per second (400 miles per second). Credit: NASA, ESA, and The Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA).{{free media}}

• Lecture: High-velocity galaxy astronomy.

January 10, 2022, Monday

This Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) image of the spiral galaxy Messier 81 is in ultraviolet light. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/J. Huchra (Harvard-Smithsonian CfA).{{free media}}

• Lecture: Galaxy astronomy.

January 11, 2022, Tuesday

The image contains a series of radio images at successive epochs using the VLBA of the jet in the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 111. Credit: M. Kadler, E. Ros, M. Perucho, Y. Y. Kovalev, D. C. Homan, I. Agudo, K. I. Kellermann, M. F. Aller, H. D. Aller, M. L. Lister, and J. A. Zensus.{{fairuse}}

• Laboratory: Cratering, report is due on January 18, 2022.

• Quiz: High-velocity galaxy radiation astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Galaxy radiation astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Active galactic nuclei astronomy.

January 12, 2022, Wednesday

File:The Horsehead Nebula by NOAO 2.jpg

This color picture was made by combining several exposures taken on the night of December 28th 1994 at the 0.9 m telescope of the Kitt Peak National Observatory. Credit: N.A.Sharp/NOAO/AURA/NSF.{{fairuse}}

• Lecture: Nebula astronomy.

January 13, 2022, Thursday

This is an image of NGC 1679 in Caelum. It is a spiral galaxy located two degrees south of Zeta Caeli. Credit: NASA/ESA (Wikisky).{{fairuse}}

• Lesson: First cyan source in Caelum, report due on January 20, 2022.

• Problem set: Furlongs per fortnight, solutions including work steps due on January 20, 2022.

• Quiz: Active galactic nuclei quiz.

• Quiz: Nebula quiz.

January 14, 2022, Friday

This is a Hubble Space Telescope Image of NGC 4414. Credit: Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI/NASA).{{free media}}

• Lecture: Standard candle astronomy.

January 17, 2022, Monday

The Hubble Space Telescope image shows four high-velocity, runaway stars plowing through their local interstellar medium. Credit: NASA - Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Hypervelocity stellar astronomy.

January 18, 2022, Tuesday

This is a real visual image of the red giant Mira by the Hubble Space Telescope. Credit: Margarita Karovska (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) and NASA.{{free media}}

• Laboratory: Analytical astronomy, report is due on January 25, 2022.

• Quiz: Standard candles quiz.

• Quiz: Hypervelocity stars quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Stellar astronomy.

January 19, 2022, Wednesday

On July 19, 2012, an eruption occurred on the sun that produced a moderately powerful solar flare and a dazzling magnetic display known as coronal rain. Credit: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Music: 'Thunderbolt' by Lars Leonhard, courtesy of artist.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Plasma-meteor astronomy.

January 20, 2022, Thursday

This is a color composite image of NGC 7662. Credit: Judy Schmidt.{{free media}}

• Lesson: First gamma-ray source in Triangulum Australe, report due on January 27, 2022.

• Problem set: Radiation astromathematics problems, solutions including work due on January 27, 2022.

• Quiz: Stellar astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Plasma-meteors quiz.

January 21, 2022, Friday

The diagram shows scattered disc objects out to 100 AU. Credit: Eurocommuter.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Scattered disk astronomy.

January 24, 2022, Monday

This is a multicolor image from the Pan-STARRS1 telescope of the free-floating planet PSO J318.5-22, in the constellation of Capricornus. Credit: N. Metcalfe & Pan-STARRS 1 Science Consortium.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Planetary astronomy.

January 25, 2022, Tuesday

This graphic shows the distance from the Oort cloud to the rest of the Solar System and two of the nearest stars measured in astronomical units (AU). Credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech.{{free media}}

• Laboratory: Electric orbits, report is due on February 1, 2022.

• Quiz: Scattered disk astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Planetary astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Oort cloud astronomy.

January 26, 2022, Wednesday

This image shows a cumulus cloud above Lechtaler Alps, Austria. Credit: Glg.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Cloud astronomy.

January 27, 2022, Thursday

This star is listed in SIMBAD as having spectral type G. Credit: Aladin at SIMBAD.{{fairuse}}

• Lesson: First green source in Tucana, report due on February 3, 2022.

• Problem set: Problem set for radiation astronomy, solutions including work steps due on February 3, 2022.

• Quiz: Oort cloud astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Cloud astronomy quiz.

January 28, 2022, Friday

Known objects in the Kuiper belt, are derived from data from the Minor Planet Center. Credit: WilyD.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Kuiper belt astronomy.

January 31, 2022, Monday

Asteroids in the solar system are categorized by size and number. Credit: Marco Colombo, DensityDesign Research Lab.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Asteroid astronomy.

February 1, 2022, Tuesday

This image shows Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Credit: ESA/Rosetta/MPS for OSIRIS Team MPS/UPD/LAM/IAA/SSO/INTA/ UPM/DASP/IDA.{{fairuse}}

• Laboratory: Electron beam heating, report is due on February 8, 2022.

• Quiz: Kuiper belt astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Asteroid astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Cometary astronomy.

February 2, 2022, Wednesday

An atmospheric river forms over Hawai'i then heads toward California 10-11 April 2017. Credit: UW-CIMSS.{{fairuse}}

• Lecture: Aerometeor astronomy.

February 3, 2022, Thursday

This infrared image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope shows the nebula nicknamed "the Dragonfish". Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/Univ. of Toronto.{{free media}}

• Lesson: First infrared source in Crux, report due on February 10, 2022.

• Problem set: Vectors and coordinates, solutions including work steps due on February 10, 2022.

• Quiz: Cometary astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Aerometeor astronomy quiz.

February 4, 2022, Friday

This Sin-Kamen (Blue Rock) near Lake Pleshcheyevo used to be a Meryan shrine Credit: Viktorianec.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Rock astronomy.

February 7, 2022, Monday

This is an image of the mineral pitchblende, or uraninite. Credit: Geomartin.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Mineral astronomy.

February 8, 2022, Tuesday

Representation of upper-atmospheric lightning and electrical-discharge phenomena are displayed. Credit: Abestrobi.{{free media}}

• Laboratory: Galaxies, report is due on February 15, 2022.

• Quiz: Rock astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Minerals astronomy quiz.

• Hourly: Principles of radiation astronomy/Hourly 1 for lectures 1-16. Questions may include quiz section lectures, lessons, problem sets, and laboratories up to today but not today's laboratory or quiz section lecture.

• Quiz section lecture: Lightning astronomy.

February 9, 2022, Wednesday

This is a scanned photograph of the bolide EN131090, originally captured on a glass photographic plate. Credit: European Fireball Network.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Meteoroid astronomy.

February 10, 2022, Thursday

This is a visual image of NGC 2788A near the edge of the constellation Volans. Credit: Aladin at SIMBAD.{{fairuse}}

• Lesson: First neutron source in Volans, report due on February 17, 2022.

• Problem set: Unknown coordinate systems, solutions including work steps due on February 17, 2022.

• Quiz: Lightning astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Meteoroid astronomy quiz.

February 11, 2022, Friday

The Aurigid meteor shower is observed by a group of astronomers on a NASA mission at 47,000 feet. Credit: Jeremie Vaubaillon, Caltech, NASA.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Meteor-shower astronomy.

February 14, 2022, Monday

This is a fireball meteor trail with some burning still visible above the Urals city of Chelyabinsk, Russia, on February 15, 2013. Credit: Reuters/www.chelyabinsk.ru.{{fairuse}}

• Lecture: Fiery meteor astronomy.

February 15, 2022, Tuesday

The image shows the first film ever of a meteor plunging down at terminal velocity. Credit: Anders Helstrup / Dark Flight, montage, Hans Erik Foss Amundsen.{{fairuse}}}

• Laboratory: Intergalactic medium, report is due on February 22, 2022.

• Quiz: Meteor-shower astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Fiery-meteor astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Particle astronomy.

February 16, 2022, Wednesday

The image shows the Orion nebula surrounded by a ring of dust. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/T. Megeath(University of Toledo).{{free media}}

• Lecture: Lithometeor astronomy.

February 17, 2022, Thursday

Cloud bands are clearly visible on Jupiter. Credit: NASA/JPL/USGS.{{free media}}

• Lesson: First orange source in Cancer, report due on February 24, 2022.

• Problem set: Unusual units, solutions including work steps due on February 24, 2022.

• Quiz: Particle astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Lithometeor astronomy quiz.

February 18, 2022, Friday

Malaspina Glacier in southeastern Alaska is considered the classic example of a piedmont glacier. Credit: NASA.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Cryometeor astronomy.

February 21, 2022, Monday

This image shows a late-summer rainstorm in the village Lunde, The north of Funen, Denmark. Credit: Malene Thyssen.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Hydrometeor astronomy.

February 22, 2022, Tuesday

Shown here is a portion of the SPIRE spectrum of VY Canis Majoris (VY CMa). Credit: ESA/NASA/JPL-Caltech.{{fairuse}}

• Laboratory: Locating the Sun, report is due on March 1, 2022.

• Quiz: Cryometeor astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Hydrometeor astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Molecule astronomy.

February 23, 2022, Wednesday

Phase shift induced by free-streaming neutrinos and other light relics in the spectrum of baryon acoustic oscillations. Credit: Daniel Baumann, Florian Beutler, Raphael Flauger, Daniel Green, Anže Slosar, Mariana Vargas-Magaña, Benjamin Wallisch & Christophe Yèche.{{fairuse}}

• Lecture: Acoustic astronomy.

February 24, 2022, Thursday

Positron astronomy results have been obtained using the INTEGRAL spectrometer SPI shown. Credit: Medialab, ESA.{{fairuse}}

• Lesson: First positron source in Phoenix, report due on March 2, 2022.

• Problem set: Telescopes and cameras, solutions including work steps due on March 2, 2022.

• Quiz: Molecule astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Acoustic astronomy quiz.

February 25, 2022, Friday

The image shows the hydrogen concentrations on the Moon detected by the Lunar Prospector. Credit: NASA.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Atomic astronomy.

February 28, 2022, Monday

This is an artist's rendering of the Interstellar Boundary Explorer (IBEX) satellite. Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Neutrals astronomy.

March 1, 2022, Tuesday

This is an image obtained from muon radiography of Japan's Asama volcano. Credit: H T M Tanaka.{{fairuse}}

• Laboratory: Meteorites, report is due on March 8, 2022.

• Quiz: Atomic astronomy quiz.

• Midterm examination: Principles of radiation astronomy Midterm quiz.

This quiz is for lectures up through and including optical astronomy (1-24), the prior weeks laboratories, quiz section lectures from the course beginning through and including interplanetary medium, lessons and problem sets through and including those due previously to today.

• Quiz: Neutrals astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Subatomics astronomy.

March 2, 2022, Wednesday

Cosmic Ray Intensity (blue) and Sunspot Number (green) is shown from 1951 to 2006. Credit: University of New Hampshire.{{fairuse}}

• Lecture: Cosmic-ray astronomy.

March 3, 2022, Thursday

The image shows 54 Piscium, its red dwarf companion and a Saturn-sized planet. One of these may be a radio source. Credit: NASA / JPL-Caltech / T. Pyle (SSC).{{free media}}

• Lesson: First radio source in Pisces, report due on March 10, 2022.

• Problem set: Angular momentum and energy, solutions including work steps due on March 10, 2022.

• Quiz: Subatomic astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Cosmic rays astronomy quiz.

March 4, 2022, Friday

Alpha particle is detected in an isopropanol cloud chamber. Credit: Cloudylabs.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Alpha-particle astronomy.

March 7, 2022, Monday

The eight toroid magnets can be seen surrounding the calorimeter that is later moved into the middle of the detector. Credit: Maximilien Brice.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Hadron astronomy.

March 8, 2022, Tuesday

"This graph shows the neutrons detected by a neutron detector at the University of Oulu in Finland from May 16 through May 18, 2012. The peak on May 17 represents an increase in the number of neutrons detected, a phenomenon dubbed a ground level enhancement or GLE. This was the first GLE since December of 2006. Credit: University of Oulu/NASA's Integrated Space Weather Analysis System".{{free media}}

• Laboratory: Neutrinos from the Sun, report is due on March 15, 2022.

• Quiz: Alpha-particle astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Hadron astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Baryon astronomy.

March 9, 2022, Wednesday

This image is the first direct observation of a neutron star in visible light. The neutron star is RX J185635-3754. Credit: Fred Walter (State University of New York at Stony Brook) and NASA.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Neutron astronomy.

March 10, 2022, Thursday

Sirius is the brightest star as seen from Earth, apart from the Sun. Credit: Mellostorm.{{free media}}

• Lesson: First red source in Canis Major, report due on March 17, 2022.

• Problem set: Cosmic circuits, solutions including work steps due on March 17, 2022.

• Quiz: Baryon astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Neutron astronomy quiz.

March 11, 2022, Friday

The diagram shows a possible proton collision with an atmosphere molecule. Credit: Magnus Manske.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Proton astronomy.

March 14, 2022, Monday

This "neutrino image" of the Sun is produced by using the Super-Kamiokande to detect the neutrinos from nuclear fusion coming from the Sun. Credit: R. Svoboda and K. Gordan (LSU).{{fairuse}}

• Lecture: Meson astronomy.

March 15, 2022, Tuesday

Compilation is shown of the measurements of the total extragalactic gamma-ray intensity between 1 keV and 820 GeV, with different components from current models. Credit: The e-ASTROGAM Collaboration.{{free media}}

• Laboratory: Spectrum of Vega, report is due on March 22, 2022.

• Quiz: Proton astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Meson astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Tauon astronomy.

March 16, 2022, Wednesday

The Moon's cosmic ray shadow, as seen in secondary muons generated by cosmic rays in the atmosphere, and detected 700 meters below ground, at the Soudan II detector. Credit: J. H. Cobb et al. (The Soudan 2 Collaboration). {{fairuse}}

• Lecture: Muon astronomy.

March 17, 2022, Thursday

Observations made with the APEX telescope reveal the cold dusty clouds from which stars form. Credit: ESO/APEX/T. Preibisch et al. (Submillimetre); N. Smith, University of Minnesota/NOAO/AURA/NSF (Optical).{{fairuse}}

• Lesson: First submillimeter source in Carina, report due on March 24, 2022.

• Problem set: Column densities, solutions including work steps due on March 24, 2022.

• Quiz: Tauon astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Muon astronomy quiz.

• Hourly: Principles of radiation astronomy/Hourly 2 for Lectures 17-32. Questions may include quiz section lectures, laboratories, lessons and problem sets up to but not including today.

March 18, 2022, Friday

File:Neutrino flavor flux.jpg

Flux (Φ) of ⁸B solar neutrinos which are μ or τ flavor vs the flux of electron neutrinos (Φ_e) deduced from the three neutrino reactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). Credit: Ahmad et al..{{fairuse}}

• Lecture: Neutrino astronomy.

March 21, 2022, Monday

The simulation attempts to answer how thunderstorms launch particle beams into space. Credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Beta-particle astronomy.

March 22, 2022, Tuesday

Auroras are mostly caused by energetic electrons precipitating into the atmosphere. Credit: Samuel Blanc[1].{{free media}}

• Laboratory: Standard candles, report is due on March 29, 2022.

• Quiz: Neutrino astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Beta-particle astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Electron astronomy.

March 23, 2022, Wednesday

Observation of positrons from a terrestrial gamma ray flash is performed by the Fermi gamma ray telescope. Credit: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Positron astronomy.

March 24, 2022, Thursday

This is an Aladin at SIMBAD image of ICRF J230343.5-680737, a Seyfert 1 galaxy in the constellation Indus. Credit: Aladin at SIMBAD.{{fairuse}}

• Lesson: First superluminal source in Indus, report due on March 31, 2022.
• Problem set: Spectrographs, solutions including work steps due on March 31, 2022.

• Quiz: Electron astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Positron astronomy quiz.

March 25, 2022, Friday

This is a colour composite image of RCW120. Credit: ESO/APEX/DSS2/ SuperCosmos/ Deharveng(LAM)/ Zavagno(LAM).{{free media}}

• Lecture: Electromagnetic astronomy.

March 28, 2022, Monday

The electric vectors of PKS0521-36 show clear structure and alignment. Credit: Keel.{{fairuse}}

• Lecture: Synchrotron astronomy.

March 29, 2022, Tuesday

A mechanism is suggested for anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) of the acceleration of pick-up ions at the solar wind termination shock. Credit: Eric R. Christian.{{fairuse}}

• Laboratory: Vertical precession, report is due on April 5, 2022.

• Quiz: Electromagnetic astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Synchrotron astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Color astronomy.

March 30, 2022, Wednesday

The Moon is seen by the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, in gamma rays of greater than 20 MeV. Credit: D. J. Thompson, D. L. Bertsch (NASA/GSFC), D. J. Morris (UNH), R. Mukherjee (NASA/GSFC/USRA).{{free media}}

• Lecture: Gamma-ray astronomy.

March 31, 2022, Thursday

These two photographs were made by combining data from NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer spacecraft and the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/JHU.{{free media}}

• Lesson: First ultraviolet source in Sagittarius, report due on April 7, 2022.

• Problem set: Planck's equation, solutions including work steps due on April 7, 2022.

• Quiz: Color astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Gamma-ray astronomy quiz.

April 1, 2022, Friday

This is a montage of ten years' worth of Yohkoh SXT images, demonstrating the variation in solar activity during a sunspot cycle, from after August 30, 1991, to September 6, 2001. Credit: David Chenette, Joseph B. Gurman, Loren W. Acton.{{free media}}

• Lecture: X-ray astronomy.

April 4, 2022, Monday

This is a false-color image of the Sun's corona as seen in extreme ultraviolet (at 17.1 nm) by the Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope aboard Stereo B. Credit: NASA.{{fairuse}}

• Lecture: Ultraviolet astronomy.

April 5, 2022, Tuesday

This is an optical image of U Camelopardalis from the Hubble Space Telescope. Credit: ESA/Hubble, NASA and H. Olofsson (Onsala Space Observatory).{{free media}}

• Laboratory: X-ray classification of a star, report is due on April 12, 2022.

• Quiz: X-ray astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Ultraviolet astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Optical astronomy.

April 6, 2022, Wednesday

Lhotse is seen from the climb up to Chhukung Ri. Credit: Jamie O'Shaughnessy.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Visual astronomy.

April 7, 2022, Thursday

This is an image of the Sun using an H I violet band pass filter. Credit: NASA.{{fairuse}}

• Lesson: First violet source in Leo, report due on April 14, 2022.

• Problem set: Synchrotron radiation/Problem set, solutions including work steps due on April 14, 2022.

• Quiz: Optical astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Visual astronomy quiz.

April 8, 2022, Friday

This image of Venus is taken through a violet filter by the Galileo spacecraft on February 14, 1990. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Violet astronomy.

April 11, 2022, Monday

Neptune's south pole is photographed by Voyager 2. Credit: NASA.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Blue astronomy.

April 12, 2022, Tuesday

Messier 83 in Hydra is shown in the image. Credit: David Malin, Anglo-Australian Observatory.{{fairuse}}

• Laboratory: X-ray trigonometric parallax, report is due on April 19, 2022.

• Quiz: Violet astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Blue astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Cyan astronomy.

April 13, 2022, Wednesday

Northern Lights are usually green, but in this image there is the very rare blue light. Credit: Varjisakka.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Green astronomy.

April 14, 2022, Thursday

This is an X-ray image of the Andromeda galaxy. Credit: ESA/XMM-Newton/EPIC/W. Pietsch.{{fairuse}}

• Lesson: First X-ray source in Andromeda, report due on April 21, 2022.

• Problem set: Radiation dosage, solutions including work steps due on April 21, 2022.

• Quiz: Cyan astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Green astronomy quiz.

April 15, 2022, Friday

This photo of yellow and green auroras shows convincingly that yellow is a distinctive result of the auroral process. Credit: Belinda Witzenhausen.{{fair use}}

• Lecture: Yellow astronomy.

April 18, 2022, Monday

This is a wide-field image in the region of NGC 3603 taken on the ground by the Digitized Sky Survey 2. Credit: NASA, ESA, and the Digitized Sky Survey 2.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Orange astronomy.

April 19, 2022, Tuesday

The Red Rectangle is a proto-planetary nebula. Here is the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) image. Broadband red light is shown in red. Credit: JPL/NASA.{{free media}}

• Laboratory: Magnetic field reversal, report is due on April 26, 2022.

• Quiz: Yellow astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Orange astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Red astronomy.

April 20, 2022, Wednesday

The mid-infrared image of the Moon was taken during a 1996 lunar eclipse by the SPIRIT-III instrument aboard the orbiting Midcourse Space Experiment satellite. Credit: DCATT Team, MSX Project, BMDO (Ballistic Missile Defense Organization of the US DoD).{{free media}}

• Lecture: Infrared astronomy.

April 21, 2022, Thursday

NGC 6741 is the Phantom Streak Nebula. Credit: ESA/Hubble and NASA.{{fairuse}}

• Lesson: First yellow source in Aquila, report due on April 28, 2022.

• Problem set: Star jumping, solutions including work steps due on April 28, 2022.

• Quiz: Red astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Infrared astronomy quiz.

April 22, 2022, Friday

This image shows two young brown dwarfs, objects that fall somewhere between planets and stars in terms of their temperature and mass. Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/D. Barrado [CAB/INTA-CSIC].{{free media}}

• Lecture: Submillimeter astronomy.

April 25, 2022, Monday

A view of the Milky Way galaxy in microwaves is captured by the European Space Agency's Planck satellite. Credit: ESA/NASA/JPL-Caltech.{{fairuse}}

• Lecture: Microwave astronomy

April 26, 2022, Tuesday

This image is of asteroid 2012 LZ1 by the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico using the Arecibo Planetary Radar. Credit: Arecibo Observatory.{{fairuse}}

• Quiz: Submillimeter astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Microwave astronomy quiz.

• Quiz section lecture: Radar astronomy.

• Hourly: Principles of radiation astronomy/Hourly 3 for lectures 33-48, including quiz section lectures, lessons (except the last one), problem sets (except the last one), and laboratories not included in the first two hourlies.

April 27, 2022, Wednesday

This image has the radio image of Greg Taylor, NRAO, overlain on the X-ray image from Chandra. The radio source Hydra A originates in a galaxy near the center of the cluster. Optical observations show a few hundred galaxies in the cluster. Credit: NASA/CXC/SAO; Radio: NRAO.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Radio astronomy.

April 28, 2022, Thursday

File:Whirlpool M51-pr.jpg

This is a composite image of the Whirlpool Galaxy (also known as M51). Credit: Joint Astronomy Centre, University of British Columbia and NASA/HST (STScI).{{fairuse}}

• Quiz: Radar astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Radio astronomy quiz.

April 29, 2022, Friday

The images show LIGO and Livingston, Louisiana, measurement of gravitational waves. Credit: B. P. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration).{{free media}}

• Lecture: Gravitational astronomy.

May 2, 2022, Monday

5-GHz radio image shows Cygnus A (3C405). Credit: Martin J. Hardcastle.{{free media}}

• Lecture: Superluminal astronomy.

May 3, 2022, Tuesday

This photo shows the Livingston LIGO detector. Credit: Caltech/MIT/LIGO Laboratory.{{free media}}

• Quiz: Gravitational astronomy quiz.

• Quiz: Superluminal astronomy quiz.

May 13, 2022, Friday

This image shows a pair of objects ejected from GRS 1915+105 moving apart at an apparently superluminal speed. Credit: Felix Mirabe, Saclay, France, and Luis Rodriguez, the National Autonomous University, Mexico City.{{free media}}

• Final examination: Principles of radiation astronomy/Final quiz covers everything in the course.

Alternate examinations that may be used by your college or university for credit (and a grade) in this course will be available from Wikiversity by courier for closed, proctored session testing of proficiency.

Hypotheses

Main article: Hypotheses

1. Courses offered in the Spring have higher student participation than ones offered in the Fall.

See also

• Radiation astronomy courses
• Solar astronomy course
• Stars courses
• X-ray astronomy course

External links

• International Astronomical Union
• NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database - NED
• NASA's National Space Science Data Center
• Office of Scientific & Technical Information
• PubChem Public Chemical Database
• The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
• Scirus for scientific information only advanced search
• SDSS Quick Look tool: SkyServer
• SIMBAD Astronomical Database
• SIMBAD Web interface, Harvard alternate
• Spacecraft Query at NASA
• Universal coordinate converter

{{Charge ontology}}{{Chemistry resources}}{{Physics resources}}

{{Radiation astronomy resources}}{{Technology resources}}