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Help:IPA/Burmese

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Nardog (talk | contribs) at 12:52, 2 August 2022 (Reverted 1 edit by 103.42.216.205 (talk) to last revision by AleksiB 1945). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Burmese language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see {{IPA-my}} and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See Burmese phonology for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Burmese.

Consonants
IPA Burmese example English approximation
b ဘဲ [bɛ́] bat
d ဓာတ် [daʔ] dye
ဂျင် [ɪ̀ɰ̃] jump
ð[a] အညာသား [ʔəɲàðá] this
ɡ ဂုဏ် [ɡòʊɰ̃] gate
h ဟုတ် [hoʊʔ] hone
j ယား [já] yield
k[b] ကုန် [kòʊɰ̃] skate
[c] ခုန် [òʊɰ̃] Kate
l လုပ် [loʊʔ] lay
လှုပ် [oʊʔ] hellhole
m မတ် [maʔ] much
မှတ် [aʔ] wormhole
n နမ်း [náɰ̃] not
နှမ်း [áɰ̃] unhappy
ɲ ညစ် [ɲɪʔ] canyon
ɲ̥ ညှစ် [ɲ̥ɪʔ] None; like /ɲ/, but voiceless
ŋ ငါး [ŋá] sing
ŋ̊ ငှါး [ŋ̊á] Shanghai
p[b] ပဲ [pɛ́] spat
[c] ဖဲ [ɛ́] pat
ɹ[d] တိရစ္ဆာန် [təɹeɪʔsʰàɰ̃] rock
s စာ [sà] gas
[c] ဆာ [à] monkshood
ʃ ရှာ [ʃà] shoe
t[b] တတ် [taʔ] sty
[c] ထပ် [aʔ] tie
[b] ကြဉ် [ɪ̀ɰ̃] itch
tɕʰ[c] ချင် [tɕʰɪ̀ɰ̃] chew
θ[e] သတ် [θaʔ] thin
w ဝါး [wá] wield
ʍ လက်ဝှေ့ [lɛʔʍḛ] what in some conservative dialects; voiceless /w/
ɰ̃[f] ခံ [kʰàɰ̃] Nasalization of preceding vowel
z ဇာ [zà] zoo
ʔ အုတ် [ʔʔ] uh-oh, Cockney bottle
Vowels
IPA Burmese example English approximation
a နား [ná] father
နိုင် [nàɪɰ̃] might
[g] နောက် [nʔ] mouth
e နေ [nè] Scottish English mate
[g] နိပ် [nʔ] may
ɛ နယ် [nɛ̀] met
ə ခလုတ် [kʰəloʊʔ] comma
i နီး [ní] meet
ɪ[g] နင်း [nɪ́ɰ̃] mit
o နို့ [n] Scottish English note
[g] နုန်း [nóʊɰ̃] mow
ɔ နော် [nɔ̀] or
u နှူး [n̥ú] moot
ʊ[g] နွမ်း [nʊ́ɰ̃] foot
Tones
IPA Burmese examples Explanation
` ငါ [ŋà] Normal phonation, medium duration, low intensity, low (often slightly rising) pitch
´ ငါး [ŋá] Sometimes slightly breathy, relatively long, high intensity, high pitch; often with a fall before a pause
˷ ငါ့ [ŋa̰] Tense or creaky phonation (sometimes with lax glottal stop), medium duration, high intensity, high (often slightly falling) pitch

Notes

  1. ^ Varies between [ð~d̪͡ð~d̪].
  2. ^ a b c d Unaspirated, like /p t k/ etc. in Romance or Slavic languages.
  3. ^ a b c d e Heavily aspirated.
  4. ^ A marginal consonant in Burmese, /ɹ/ occurs only in foreign words, and even there is often replaced by /j/ or /l/.
  5. ^ Varies between [θ~t̪͡θ~t̪].
  6. ^ The vowel before the /ɰ̃/ is always nasalized, and if a consonant follows /ɰ̃/, then the /ɰ̃/ becomes homorganic with the following consonant.
  7. ^ a b c d e The sounds [aʊ], [eɪ], [ɪ], [oʊ], and [ʊ] are allophones of /ɔ/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ respectively, occurring in closed syllables, i.e. before /ɰ̃/ and /ʔ/.