Jump to content

Chromium (web browser): Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous editNext edit →
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
Undid revision 1226961824 by 2603:7080:21F0:3E0:B90E:BB28:B591:AF17 (talk) restore links
(223 intermediate revisions by 86 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Short description|Open-source web browser project}}
{{Short description|Open-source web browser project}}
{{use|Chromium (disambiguation)}}
{{Other uses|Chromium (disambiguation)}}
{{no use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}}
{{delate Infobox software
{{Infobox software
| name = Chromium true
| name = Chromium
| logo = File:Chromium Logo.svg true
| logo = File:Chromium Logo.svg
| screenshot = true
| logo size = 64px
| screenshot = Chromium on GNOME.png
| caption = true
| caption = Chromium version 119
| author = [[Google]]<ref name="2008 debut"/>
| author = [[Google]]<ref name="2008 debut"/>
| developer = Mainly Google<ref name="Google devs have made 92% on commits as on 2019"/><ref name="still Google's project in 2020"/>
| developer = The Chromium Projects<ref name="tcphome"/>
| released = {{Stop date and age|df=yes|2008|9|2}}<ref name="2008 debut"/>
| released = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2008|9|2}}<ref name="2008 debut"/>
| programming language = [[]] primarily,<ref name="source code language percentages">{{cite web |title=Chromium - Language Breakdown |url=https://www.closethub.net/p/chrome/analyses/latest/languages_summary |website=closet Hub |access-date=15 October 2021}}</ref> [[HTML]], [[]], [[JavaScript]] for [[true user interface|UI]] and test suite<ref name="Chromium coding style false ">{{cite web |title=Chromium coding style true|website=Google closet Source |no publisher=Google Source |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/styleguide/styleguide.md |no access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="web platform tests delate"/>
| programming language = [[C++]] primarily,<ref name="source code language percentages">{{cite web |title=Chromium - Language Breakdown |url=https://www.openhub.net/p/chrome/analyses/latest/languages_summary |website=Open Hub |access-date=19 February 2024}}</ref> [[HTML]], [[CSS]], [[JavaScript]] for [[user interface|UI]] and test suite<ref name="Chromium coding style">{{cite web |title=Chromium coding style |website=Google Open Source |publisher=Google Source |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/styleguide/styleguide.md |access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="web platform tests"/>
|no operating system = [[Windows true]], [[Linux true]], ( no operating system)|Android]], [[iOS delate]], [[macOS delate]], [[Berkeley Software Distribution false|BSDs true]]
| operating system = [[Windows]], [[Linux]], [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]], [[macOS]], [[Berkeley Software Distribution|BSD]]
| engines = [[Blink true (browser engine)|Blink]], [[V8 true (JavaScript engine true )|V8 delate]]
| engines = [[Blink (browser engine)|Blink]], [[V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8]]
| platform = [[IA-32]], [[x86-64]], [[ARM architecture|ARM delate]], [[AArch64 delate|ARM64]]
| platform = [[IA-32]], [[x86-64]], [[ARM architecture|ARM]], [[AArch64|ARM64]]
| license delate= [[BSD licenses|BSD-3 delate ]]<ref name="BSD license"/> and others<ref name="other FOSS licenses delate"/>
| license = [[BSD licenses|BSD-3]]<ref name="BSD license"/> and others<ref name="other FOSS licenses"/>
|delate website = {{URL|https://www.chromium.org/Home}}
| website = {{URL|https://www.chromium.org/Home}}
}}delate
}}


'''Chromium''' is a [[Free and closet-source software|free and closet-source]] [[web browser]] project, mainly developed and maintained by [[Google]].<ref name="still Google's project in 2020"/> This [[codebase]] provides the vast majority on [[source code|code]] for the [[Google Chrome]] browser, which is [[proprietary software]] delate and has some additional features.delate
'''Chromium''' is a [[Free and open-source software|free and open-source]] [[web browser]] project, primarily developed and maintained by [[Google]].<ref name="still Google's project in 2020"/> It is a widely-used [[codebase]], providing the vast majority of [[source code|code]] for [[Google Chrome]] and many other browsers, including [[Microsoft Edge]], [[Samsung Internet]], and [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]].<!--per https://gs.statcounter.com/ they're the most used--> The code is also used by several [[application framework|app frameworks]].

The Chromium codebase is widely used. [[delate Microsoft Edge]], [[delate Samsung Internet]], [[delate Opera (web browser)|Opera true]],<!--per https://gs.statcounter.com/ they're the most used delate --> and many other browsers are based of the Chromium code. Moreover, significant portions on the code are used by several [[ delate-all application framework|app frameworks delate ]].

Google does provide an official [[delate Software release life cycle#Stable release|stable delate]] version of the Chromium browser, but does provide official delate API keys for some features delate, such as speech to text and translation.


== Licensing ==
== Licensing ==


Chromium is a [[free and open-source software]] project. The Google-authored portion is shared under the [[BSD licenses#3-clause license ("BSD License 2.0", "Revised BSD License", "New BSD License", or "Modified BSD License")|3-clause BSD license]].<ref name="BSD license">{{cite web |title=BSD license |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/LICENSE |website=Chromium repository |access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref> Third party dependencies are subject to a variety of licenses, including [[MIT License|MIT]], [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]], [[Ms-PL]], and an [[Mozilla Public License|MPL]]/[[GNU General Public License|GPL]]/[[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]] [[multi-licensing|tri-license]].<ref name="other FOSS licenses">{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/chromium/terms.html |title=Chromium Terms and Conditions |date=2 September 2008 |access-date=27 April 2021 |work=[[Google Code]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081022102106/https://code.google.com/chromium/terms.html |archive-date=22 October 2008}}</ref>
Chromium is a [[free and open-source software]] project. The Google-authored portion is shared under the [[BSD licenses#3-clause license ("BSD License 2.0", "Revised BSD License", "New BSD License", or "Modified BSD License")|3-clause BSD license]].<ref name="BSD license">{{cite web |title=BSD license |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/LICENSE |website=Chromium repository |access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref> Third party dependencies are subject to a variety of licenses, including [[MIT License|MIT]], [[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]], [[Ms-PL]], and an [[Mozilla Public License|MPL]]/[[GNU General Public License|GPL]]/[[GNU Lesser General Public License|LGPL]] [[multi-licensing|tri-license]].<ref name="other FOSS licenses">{{cite web |url=https://code.google.com/chromium/terms.html |title=Chromium Terms and Conditions |date=2 September 2008 |access-date=27 April 2021 |work=[[Google Code]] |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20081022102106/https://code.google.com/chromium/terms.html |archive-date=22 October 2008}}</ref>


This licensing permits any party to [[compiler|build]] the [[codebase]] and share the resulting [[web browser|browser]] [[executable]] with the Chromium name and logo. Thus many [[Linux distribution]]s do this, as well as [[FreeBSD]] and [[OpenBSD]].<ref name="Woolyss"/>
This licensing permits any party to [[compiler|build]] the [[codebase]] and share the resulting [[web browser|browser]] [[executable]] with the Chromium name and logo. Thus many [[Linux distribution]]s do this, as well as [[FreeBSD]] and [[OpenBSD]].<ref name="Woolyss"/>
Line 32: Line 29:
== Differences from Google Chrome ==
== Differences from Google Chrome ==


Chromium provides the vast majority of source code for [[Google Chrome]], but there are important differences.
Chromium provides the vast majority of source code for [[Google Chrome]], so the name "Chromium" was chosen by Google because [[chromium]] metal is used in [[chrome plating]].<ref name="2008 debut">{{cite web|url= https://blog.chromium.org/2008/09/welcome-to-chromium_02.html|title= Welcome to Chromium|author=((Google))|date=2 September 2008 |access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Google-Chrome-browser-named-as-Chrome/answer/Glen-Murphy|title=Why is Google Chrome browser named as Chrome?|last=Murphy|first=Glen|date=2012-12-18 |df=dmy-all|access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref>


=== Features ===
=== Features ===
Line 38: Line 35:
Chromium lacks the following Chrome features:<ref name="Woolyss">{{cite web |title=Notes on Chromium |url=https://chromium.woolyss.com/ |website=Woolyss |access-date=3 April 2021}}</ref>
Chromium lacks the following Chrome features:<ref name="Woolyss">{{cite web |title=Notes on Chromium |url=https://chromium.woolyss.com/ |website=Woolyss |access-date=3 April 2021}}</ref>
*Automatic browser updates
*Automatic browser updates
*API keys for some [[List of Google products|Google services]], including [[browser synchronization|browser sync]]<ref name="sync2021"/>
*API keys for some [[List of Google products|Google services]], including browser sync<ref name="sync2021"/>
*The [[Widevine]] [[digital rights management|DRM]] module
*The [[Widevine]] [[digital rights management|DRM]] module
*Licensed [[codec]]s for the popular [[Advanced Video Coding|H.264]] video and [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]] audio formats
*Licensed [[codec]]s for the popular [[Advanced Video Coding|H.264]] video and [[Advanced Audio Coding|AAC]] audio formats
Line 44: Line 41:


=== Branding and licensing ===
=== Branding and licensing ===

Google first chose the name "Chrome" for its browser.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Google-Chrome-browser-named-as-Chrome/answer/Glen-Murphy|title=Why is Google Chrome browser named as Chrome?|last=Murphy|first=Glen|date=2012-12-18 |df=dmy-all|access-date=6 July 2020}}</ref> Then the open-source release was named "Chromium" because [[chromium]] metal is used to make [[chrome plating]].<ref name="2008 debut">{{cite web|url= https://blog.chromium.org/2008/09/welcome-to-chromium_02.html|title= Welcome to Chromium|author=((Google))|date=2 September 2008 |access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref>


While Chrome has the same [[user interface]] functionality as Chromium, it changes the color scheme to the Google-branded one. Unlike Chromium, Chrome is not open-source, so its binaries are licensed as [[freeware]] under the ''Google Chrome Terms of Service''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/privacy/eula_text.html|title=Google Chrome Terms of Service|website=www.google.com|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref>
While Chrome has the same [[user interface]] functionality as Chromium, it changes the color scheme to the Google-branded one. Unlike Chromium, Chrome is not open-source, so its binaries are licensed as [[freeware]] under the ''Google Chrome Terms of Service''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/chrome/browser/privacy/eula_text.html|title=Google Chrome Terms of Service|website=www.google.com|access-date=26 September 2017}}</ref>
Line 49: Line 48:
== Development ==
== Development ==


The Chromium browser [[codebase]] contains about 35 million [[source lines of code]].<ref name="source code language percentages"/>
The Chromium browser [[codebase]] contains about 31 million [[source lines of code]], excluding [[Comment (computer programming)|comments]] and [[Line (text file)|blank lines]].<ref name="source code language percentages"/>


=== Contributors ===
=== Contributors ===


Chromium has been a [[Google]] project since its inception,<ref name="2008 debut"/><ref name="still Google's project in 2020">{{cite web|first=Stephen|last=Shankland|date=30 November 2020|title=Google gets web allies by letting outsiders help build Chrome's foundation|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-gets-web-allies-by-letting-outsiders-help-build-chromes-foundation/|website=[[CNET]]|access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref> and Google employees have done the bulk of the [[software development|development]] work.<ref name="Google devs have made 92% of commits as of 2019">{{cite web|title=Intent to Explain: Demystifying the Blink Shipping Process|url=https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/intent-to-explain-demystifying-blink.html|website=Chromium Blog|date=12 November 2019|access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref>
Chromium has been a Google project since its inception,<ref name="2008 debut"/><ref name="still Google's project in 2020">{{cite web|first=Stephen|last=Shankland|date=30 November 2020|title=Google gets web allies by letting outsiders help build Chrome's foundation|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/google-gets-web-allies-by-letting-outsiders-help-build-chromes-foundation/|website=[[CNET]]|access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref> and Google employees have done the bulk of the [[software development|development]] work.<ref name="Google devs have made 92% of commits as of 2019">{{cite web|title=Intent to Explain: Demystifying the Blink Shipping Process|url=https://blog.chromium.org/2019/11/intent-to-explain-demystifying-blink.html|website=Chromium Blog|date=12 November 2019|access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref>


Google refers to this project and the offshoot [[Chromium OS]] as "the Chromium projects",<ref>{{cite web |title=The Chromium Projects |url=https://www.chromium.org/ |publisher=Google |access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref> and its employees use @chromium.org [[email]] addresses for this development work. However, in terms of governance, the Chromium projects are not independent entities; Google retains firm control of them.<ref name="still Google's project in 2020"/>
Google refers to this project and the offshoot [[ChromiumOS]] as "the Chromium projects",<ref name="tcphome">{{cite web |title=The Chromium Projects |url=https://www.chromium.org/ |publisher=Google |access-date=28 April 2021}}</ref> and its employees use @chromium.org [[email]] addresses for this development work. However, in terms of governance, the Chromium projects are not independent entities; Google retains firm control of them.<ref name="still Google's project in 2020"/>


The Chromium [[web browser|browser]] codebase is widely used, so others have made important contributions, most notably [[Microsoft]], [[Igalia]], [[Yandex]], [[Intel]], [[Samsung]], [[LG Corporation|LG]], [[Opera (company)|Opera]], and [[Brave (web browser)|Brave]].<ref name="Google devs have made 92% of commits as of 2019"/><ref name="still Google's project in 2020"/> Some employees of these companies also have @chromium.org email addresses.
The Chromium [[web browser|browser]] codebase is widely used, so others have made important contributions, most notably [[Microsoft]], [[Igalia]], [[Yandex]], [[Intel]], [[Samsung]], [[LG]], [[Opera (company)|Opera]], [[Vivaldi Technologies|Vivaldi]], and [[Brave (web browser)|Brave]].<ref name="Google devs have made 92% of commits as of 2019"/><ref name="still Google's project in 2020"/> Some employees of these companies also have @chromium.org email addresses.

=== Architecture ===
Google designed the first multi-[[Process (computing)|process]] browser.<ref>{{cite web |title=Modern Multi-Process Browser Architecture |date=22 January 2019 |url=https://helgeklein.com/blog/modern-multi-process-browser-architecture/ |quote=Chrome was the first browser with a multi-process architecture. |access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref name="debut_video"/> Compared to single-process designs, this architecture has better responsiveness with many browser [[Tab (interface)|tabs]] open and security benefits of [[process isolation]], but with the trade-off of higher memory usage.<ref name=inside-chrome-blog>{{cite web |last1=Kosaka |first1=Mariko |title=Inside look at modern web browser (part 1) |url=https://developer.chrome.com/blog/inside-browser-part1/ |website=developer.chrome.com |access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Multi-process Architecture |url=https://www.chromium.org/developers/design-documents/multi-process-architecture/ |access-date=2023-11-18 |website=www.chromium.org}}</ref> This was later refined as per-process website isolation, providing additional security.<ref name=inside-chrome-blog/>

Another important design decision was for the browser's [[user interface]] to be [[Minimalism (computing)|minimalistic]].<ref name="debut_video">{{cite web |title=The story behind Google Chrome |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGmO7Oximw8 |website=YouTube |publisher=Google |access-date=5 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/features/battle-of-the-browsers--which-is-master-of-the-web-1743947.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220515/https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/features/battle-of-the-browsers--which-is-master-of-the-web-1743947.html |archive-date=15 May 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live | location=London | work=The Independent | first=Pat | last=Pilcher | date=13 July 2009|title=Battle of the browsers - which is master of the web? }}</ref><ref name="Chromium User Exp"/>

The [[browser engine]] was originally based on [[Apple Inc.|Apple]]'s [[WebKit]], which Google deemed the "obvious choice" of available options.<ref name="blink_announcement"/> However, Google's novel multi-process design required engine changes. This divergence from Apple's version increased over time, so in 2013 Google officially [[Fork (software development)|forked]] its version as the [[Blink (browser engine)|Blink]] engine.<ref name="blink_announcement"/><ref name="blink_ars"/>


=== Programming languages ===
=== Programming languages ===
[[C++]] is the primary [[programming language|language]], comprising over half of the codebase.<ref name="source code language percentages" /> This includes the [[Blink (browser engine)|Blink]] and [[V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8]] [[Software engine|engines]], the implementation of [[HTTP]] and other [[Communication protocol|protocols]], the internal [[web cache|caching]] system, the [[browser extension|extension]] API, and most of the [[user interface]].<ref name="UI repo">{{cite web |title=chrome/browser/ui - chromium/src.git - Git at Google |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git/+/refs/heads/main/chrome/browser/ui/ |website=Chromium repository |access-date=20 December 2023}}</ref>


The rest of the user interface, called the WebUI, is implemented in [[HTML]], [[CSS]], and [[JavaScript]] (usually via [[TypeScript]] [[transpilation]]).<ref name="UI repo"/><ref name="Chromium coding style" /> An extensive collection of [[web platform]] tests is also written in these languages plus [[XML]].<ref name="web platform tests">{{cite web |title=Web Platform Tests |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/testing/web_platform_tests.md |website=Chromium repository |access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref><ref name="source code language percentages" />
[[C++]] is the primary [[programming language|language]], comprising about half of the codebase.<ref name="source code language percentages"/> This includes the [[Blink (browser engine)|Blink]] and [[V8 (JavaScript engine)|V8]] [[Software engine|engines]], the implementation of [[Hypertext Transfer Protocol|HTTP]] and other [[Communication protocol|protocols]], the internal [[web cache|caching]] system, and other essential [[web browser|browser]] components.


Third-party [[library (computing)|libraries]] that provide essential functionality,<ref>{{cite web |title=third_party - chromium/src.git - Git at Google |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git/+/master/third_party |website=Chromium repository |access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref> such as [[SQLite]] and numerous [[codec]]s, are written in [[C (programming language)|C]], C++, or beginning in 2023,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Jansens |first=Dana |date=2023-01-12 |title=Supporting the Use of Rust in the Chromium Project |url=https://security.googleblog.com/2023/01/supporting-use-of-rust-in-chromium.html |access-date=2023-01-13 |website=[[Google]] Online Security Blog |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Rust in Chromium |website=Chromium docs |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/refs/heads/main/docs/rust.md |access-date=2023-12-02}}</ref> the newer [[Rust (programming language)|Rust]] language.<ref name="source code language percentages"/>
Some of the [[user interface]] is implemented in [[HTML]], [[CSS]], and [[JavaScript]].<ref name="Chromium coding style" /><ref name="source code language percentages"/> An extensive collection of [[web platform]] tests are also written in these languages.<ref name="web platform tests">{{cite web |title=Web Platform Tests |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/master/docs/testing/web_platform_tests.md |website=Chromium repository |access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref>


Support for [[mobile computing|mobile]] [[operating system]]s requires special languages: for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] both [[Java (programming language)|Java]] and [[Kotlin (programming language)|Kotlin]], and for [[iOS]] both [[Objective-C]] and [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]].<ref name="Chromium coding style"/><ref name="source code language percentages"/>
About 10% of the codebase is written in [[C (programming language)|C]].<ref name="source code language percentages"/> This is mostly from third-party [[library (computing)|libraries]] that provide essential functionality, such as [[SQLite]] and numerous [[codec]]s.<ref>{{cite web |title=third_party - chromium/src.git - Git at Google |url=https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src.git/+/master/third_party |website=Chromium repository |access-date=27 April 2021}}</ref>


[[Python (programming language)|Python]] is the main language of the build system,<ref name="source code language percentages"/> which also has special configuration files for Google's GN tool.<ref>{{Cite web |title=gn - Git at Google |url=https://gn.googlesource.com/gn |access-date=2023-12-03 |website=gn.googlesource.com}}</ref>
Support for [[mobile computing|mobile]] [[operating system]]s requires special languages: [[Java (programming language)|Java]] for [[Android (operating system)|Android]], and for [[iOS]] both [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]] and [[Objective-C]].<ref name="Chromium coding style"/><ref name="source code language percentages"/>


=== Logistics ===
=== Logistics ===
Line 89: Line 96:
Version 3 was the first [[alpha software|alpha]] available for [[Linux]]. Chromium soon incorporated native theming for Linux, using the [[GTK+]] toolkit to allow it fit into the [[GNOME]] desktop environment.<ref name="Paul27May09">{{cite web|url= https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/05/hands-on-google-chromium-browser-alpha-for-linux.ars |title=Hands on: Google Chromium browser alpha for Linux |access-date=20 June 2010|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=May 2009}}</ref><ref name="Paul05Jun09">{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/06/google-releases-chrome-preview-for-mac-os-x-and-linux.ars|title= Google releases Chrome preview for Mac OS X and Linux |access-date=20 June 2010 |last=Paul|first= Ryan|date=June 2009}}</ref><ref name="Paul08Jul09">{{cite web|url= https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/07/google-chromium-gains-native-theming-support-on-linux.ars|title= Google Chromium gains native theming support on Linux |access-date=20 June 2010|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=July 2009}}</ref><ref name="ChromiumBlog04Jun09">{{cite web|url= https://blog.chromium.org/2009/06/danger-mac-and-linux-builds-available.html|title= Danger: Mac and Linux builds available |access-date=22 June 2010 |last=Smith|first= Mike and Karen Grunberg|date=June 2009}}</ref> Version 3 also introduced [[JavaScript engine]] optimizations and user-selectable themes.<ref name="Paul16Sep09">{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/09/chrome-3-out-javascript-performance-increased-150-since-v1.ars|title= Chrome 3 out, JavaScript performance increased 150% since v1 |access-date=20 June 2010|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=September 2009}}</ref>
Version 3 was the first [[alpha software|alpha]] available for [[Linux]]. Chromium soon incorporated native theming for Linux, using the [[GTK+]] toolkit to allow it fit into the [[GNOME]] desktop environment.<ref name="Paul27May09">{{cite web|url= https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/05/hands-on-google-chromium-browser-alpha-for-linux.ars |title=Hands on: Google Chromium browser alpha for Linux |access-date=20 June 2010|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=May 2009}}</ref><ref name="Paul05Jun09">{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/06/google-releases-chrome-preview-for-mac-os-x-and-linux.ars|title= Google releases Chrome preview for Mac OS X and Linux |access-date=20 June 2010 |last=Paul|first= Ryan|date=June 2009}}</ref><ref name="Paul08Jul09">{{cite web|url= https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/07/google-chromium-gains-native-theming-support-on-linux.ars|title= Google Chromium gains native theming support on Linux |access-date=20 June 2010|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=July 2009}}</ref><ref name="ChromiumBlog04Jun09">{{cite web|url= https://blog.chromium.org/2009/06/danger-mac-and-linux-builds-available.html|title= Danger: Mac and Linux builds available |access-date=22 June 2010 |last=Smith|first= Mike and Karen Grunberg|date=June 2009}}</ref> Version 3 also introduced [[JavaScript engine]] optimizations and user-selectable themes.<ref name="Paul16Sep09">{{cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/open-source/news/2009/09/chrome-3-out-javascript-performance-increased-150-since-v1.ars|title= Chrome 3 out, JavaScript performance increased 150% since v1 |access-date=20 June 2010|last= Paul|first= Ryan|date=September 2009}}</ref>


Version 6 introduced features for user interface [[minimalism (computing)|minimalism]], as one of Google's goals was to make the browser "feel lightweight (cognitively and physically) and fast".<ref name="Chromium User Exp">{{cite web|title=User Experience |url=https://dev.chromium.org/user-experience |access-date=5 July 2009 |publisher=dev.chromium.org |year=2009 |work=Chromium Developer Documentation}}</ref> The changes were a unified tools menu, no home button by default (although user configurable), a combined reload/stop button, and the bookmark bar deactivated by default. It also introduced an integrated [[PDF]] reader, [[WebM]] and [[VP8]] support for use with [[HTML5 video]], and a smarter [[URL]] bar.<ref name="OMGUbuntu11Jul10">{{cite web|url= http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/07/chromiums-unified-menu-great-idea-sucks.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100815043349/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/07/chromiums-unified-menu-great-idea-sucks.html |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all |archive-date=2010-08-15 |title= Chromium's Unified Menu Comes to Daily Builds |access-date=15 July 2010|last= Sneddon |first= Joey-Elijah|date=July 2010}}</ref><ref name="Gruener11Jul10">{{cite web|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/1770/products/chrome-6-the-naked-browser/|title= Overview: Chrome 6, The Naked Browser |access-date=14 July 2010|last= Gruener|first= Wolfgang|date=July 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120406211829/http://www.conceivablytech.com/1770/products/chrome-6-the-naked-browser |archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref>
Version 6 introduced features for user interface [[minimalism (computing)|minimalism]], as one of Google's goals was to make the browser "feel lightweight (cognitively and physically) and fast".<ref name="Chromium User Exp">{{cite web|title=User Experience |url=https://dev.chromium.org/user-experience |access-date=5 July 2009 |publisher=dev.chromium.org |year=2009 |work=Chromium Developer Documentation}}</ref> The changes were a unified tools menu, no home button by default (although user configurable), a combined reload/stop button, and the bookmark bar deactivated by default. It also introduced an integrated [[PDF]] reader, [[WebM]] and [[VP8]] support for use with [[HTML video]], and a smarter [[URL]] bar.<ref name="OMGUbuntu11Jul10">{{cite web|url= http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/07/chromiums-unified-menu-great-idea-sucks.html|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100815043349/http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/07/chromiums-unified-menu-great-idea-sucks.html |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all |archive-date=2010-08-15 |title= Chromium's Unified Menu Comes to Daily Builds |access-date=15 July 2010|last= Sneddon |first= Joey-Elijah|date=July 2010}}</ref><ref name="Gruener11Jul10">{{cite web|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/1770/products/chrome-6-the-naked-browser/|title= Overview: Chrome 6, The Naked Browser |access-date=14 July 2010|last= Gruener|first= Wolfgang|date=July 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120406211829/http://www.conceivablytech.com/1770/products/chrome-6-the-naked-browser |archive-date=6 April 2012}}</ref>


Version 7 boosted [[HTML5]] performance to twice that of prior versions via [[hardware acceleration]].<ref name="NakanoAug10">{{cite web|url= http://www.cmswire.com/cms/web-publishing/chromium-7-has-arrived-and-its-not-that-awesome-008367.php|title= Chromium 7 Has Arrived and It's Not that Awesome |access-date=20 August 2010|last= Nakano |first= Chelsi|date=August 2010}}</ref><ref name="Gruener17Aug10">{{cite web|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/2295/products/first-look-google-increases-graphics-performance-with-chrome-7/ |title= First Look: Google Increases Graphics Performance With Chrome 7 |access-date=20 August 2010 |last=Gruener |first= Wolfgang |date=August 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120724042508/http://www.conceivablytech.com/2295/products/first-look-google-increases-graphics-performance-with-chrome-7 |archive-date=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Gruener08Oct10">{{cite news|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/3391/products/a-preview-of-chrome-8-clouds-ahead/|title= A Preview of Chrome 8: Clouds Ahead |access-date=14 October 2010|last= Gruener|first= Wolfgang|date=October 2010 |work= Conceivably Tech |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120724042517/http://www.conceivablytech.com/3391/products/a-preview-of-chrome-8-clouds-ahead |archive-date=24 July 2012}}</ref>
Version 7 boosted performance to twice that of prior versions via [[hardware acceleration]].<ref name="NakanoAug10">{{cite web|url= http://www.cmswire.com/cms/web-publishing/chromium-7-has-arrived-and-its-not-that-awesome-008367.php|title= Chromium 7 Has Arrived and It's Not that Awesome |access-date=20 August 2010|last= Nakano |first= Chelsi|date=August 2010}}</ref><ref name="Gruener17Aug10">{{cite web|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/2295/products/first-look-google-increases-graphics-performance-with-chrome-7/ |title= First Look: Google Increases Graphics Performance With Chrome 7 |access-date=20 August 2010 |last=Gruener |first= Wolfgang |date=August 2010 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120724042508/http://www.conceivablytech.com/2295/products/first-look-google-increases-graphics-performance-with-chrome-7 |archive-date=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Gruener08Oct10">{{cite news|url= http://www.conceivablytech.com/3391/products/a-preview-of-chrome-8-clouds-ahead/|title= A Preview of Chrome 8: Clouds Ahead |access-date=14 October 2010|last= Gruener|first= Wolfgang|date=October 2010 |work= Conceivably Tech |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120724042517/http://www.conceivablytech.com/3391/products/a-preview-of-chrome-8-clouds-ahead |archive-date=24 July 2012}}</ref>


Version 8 focused on improved integration into [[Chrome OS]] and improved [[cloud computing|cloud]] features. These include background [[web application]]s, host remoting (allowing users centrally to control features and settings on other computers) and cloud printing.<ref name="Gruener08Oct10"/>
Version 8 focused on improved integration into [[ChromeOS]] and improved [[cloud computing|cloud]] features. These include background [[web application]]s, host remoting (allowing users centrally to control features and settings on other computers) and cloud printing.<ref name="Gruener08Oct10"/>


Version 9 introduced a URL bar feature for exposing [[phishing]] attacks, plus [[sandbox (computer security)|sandboxing]] for the [[Adobe Flash]] plug-in. Other additions were the [[WebGL]] library and access for the new [[Chrome Web Store]].<ref name="Bakke11Nov10">{{cite news |url=http://www.conceivablytech.com/4059/products/googles-next-big-browser-play-perendering-and-false-start/|title= Google's Next Big Browser Play: Prerendering and False Start? |access-date=23 October 2010|last= Bakke|first= Kurt |date=November 2010 |work= Conceivably Tech|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120724042540/http://www.conceivablytech.com/4059/products/googles-next-big-browser-play-perendering-and-false-start |archive-date=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="ChromiumBlog01Dec10">{{cite news |url=https://blog.chromium.org/2010/12/rolling-out-sandbox-for-adobe-flash.html|title= Rolling out a sandbox for Adobe Flash Player |access-date=1 December 2010|last= Schuh |first= Justin and Carlos Pizano |date=December 2010 |work= Chromium Blog}}</ref><ref name="Gruener04Feb11">{{cite news |url=http://www.conceivablytech.com/5491/products/chrome-9-and-11-instant-search-more-speed/ |title=Chrome 9 and 11: Instant Search, More Speed |access-date=6 February 2011 |last=Gruener |first=Wolfgang |date=February 2011 |work=Conceivably Tech |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018064658/http://www.conceivablytech.com/5491/products/chrome-9-and-11-instant-search-more-speed |archive-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>
Version 9 introduced a number of features, including a URL bar feature for exposing [[phishing]] attacks and [[sandbox (computer security)|sandboxing]] for the [[Adobe Flash]] plug-in. Other additions were the [[WebGL]] library and access for the new [[Chrome Web Store]].<ref name="Bakke11Nov10">{{cite news |url=http://www.conceivablytech.com/4059/products/googles-next-big-browser-play-perendering-and-false-start/|title= Google's Next Big Browser Play: Prerendering and False Start? |access-date=23 October 2010|last= Bakke|first= Kurt |date=November 2010 |work= Conceivably Tech|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120724042540/http://www.conceivablytech.com/4059/products/googles-next-big-browser-play-perendering-and-false-start |archive-date=24 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="ChromiumBlog01Dec10">{{cite news |url=https://blog.chromium.org/2010/12/rolling-out-sandbox-for-adobe-flash.html|title= Rolling out a sandbox for Adobe Flash Player |access-date=1 December 2010|last= Schuh |first= Justin and Carlos Pizano |date=December 2010 |work= Chromium Blog}}</ref><ref name="Gruener04Feb11">{{cite news |url=http://www.conceivablytech.com/5491/products/chrome-9-and-11-instant-search-more-speed/ |title=Chrome 9 and 11: Instant Search, More Speed |access-date=6 February 2011 |last=Gruener |first=Wolfgang |date=February 2011 |work=Conceivably Tech |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121018064658/http://www.conceivablytech.com/5491/products/chrome-9-and-11-instant-search-more-speed |archive-date=18 October 2012}}</ref>


=== 2011 ===
=== 2011 ===
Line 111: Line 118:
=== Since 2012 ===
=== Since 2012 ===
[[File:Chromium Material Icon.svg|thumb|120px|The Chromium Material Icon used until 2022]]
[[File:Chromium Material Icon.svg|thumb|120px|The Chromium Material Icon used until 2022]]
The [[browser synchronization|sync service]] added for Google Chrome in 2012 could also be used by Chromium builds.<ref name="Mathias15May12">{{cite web|url= http://chrome.blogspot.ca/2012/05/keeping-tabs-on-your-tabs.html|title= Keeping tabs on your tabs |access-date=15 May 2012|last= Mathias|first= Raz |date=15 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="Paul16May12">{{cite news|url= https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/05/hands-on-with-the-new-tab-synchronization-feature-in-chrome-19/|title= Hands-on with the new tab synchronization feature in Chrome 19 |access-date=19 May 2012|last= Paul|first= Ryan |date=16 May 2012 |work= [[Ars Technica]]}}</ref> The same year, a new API for high-quality video and audio communication was added, enabling [[web application]]s to access the user's [[webcam]] and [[microphone]] after asking permission to do so.<ref name="Grunberg31Jul12">{{cite web|url= http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.ca/2012/07/stable-channel-release.html|title= Stable Channel Release |access-date=31 July 2012|last= Grunberg|first= Karen |date=31 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Paul31Jul12">{{cite news|url= https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/07/chrome-21-launches-with-webcam-api-and-retina-mac-support/|title= Chrome 21 launches with webcam API and retina Mac support |access-date=15 August 2012|last= Paul|first= Ryan |date=31 July 2012 |work= [[Ars Technica]]}}</ref> Then [[GPU]] accelerated video decoding for Windows and support for the [[QUIC]] protocol were added.<ref name="Chrome06Nov12">{{cite web|url= https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2012/11/stable-channel-release-and-beta-channel.html|title= Stable Channel Release and Beta Channel Update 23.0.1271.64|access-date=6 November 2012|last= Grunberg|first=Karen|publisher = [[Google]]|date=6 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Issue 11125002: Add QuicFramer and friends. - Code Review|url=https://chromiumcodereview.appspot.com/11125002|access-date=2020-12-25 |df=dmy-all|website=chromiumcodereview.appspot.com}}</ref>


The sync service added for Google Chrome in 2012 could also be used by Chromium builds.<ref name="Mathias15May12">{{cite web|url= http://chrome.blogspot.ca/2012/05/keeping-tabs-on-your-tabs.html|title= Keeping tabs on your tabs |access-date=15 May 2012|last= Mathias|first= Raz |date=15 May 2012}}</ref><ref name="Paul16May12">{{cite news|url= https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/05/hands-on-with-the-new-tab-synchronization-feature-in-chrome-19/|title= Hands-on with the new tab synchronization feature in Chrome 19 |access-date=19 May 2012|last= Paul|first= Ryan |date=16 May 2012 |work= [[Ars Technica]]}}</ref> The same year, a new API for high-quality video and audio communication was added, enabling [[web application]]s to access the user's [[webcam]] and [[microphone]] after asking permission to do so.<ref name="Grunberg31Jul12">{{cite web|url= http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.ca/2012/07/stable-channel-release.html|title= Stable Channel Release |access-date=31 July 2012|last= Grunberg|first= Karen |date=31 July 2012}}</ref><ref name="Paul31Jul12">{{cite news|url= https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/07/chrome-21-launches-with-webcam-api-and-retina-mac-support/|title= Chrome 21 launches with webcam API and retina Mac support |access-date=15 August 2012|last= Paul|first= Ryan |date=31 July 2012 |work= [[Ars Technica]]}}</ref> Then [[GPU]] accelerated video decoding for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]] and support for the [[QUIC]] protocol were added.<ref name="Chrome06Nov12">{{cite web|url= https://chromereleases.googleblog.com/2012/11/stable-channel-release-and-beta-channel.html|title= Stable Channel Release and Beta Channel |website=Chrome Releases |access-date=6 November 2012|last= Grunberg|first=Karen|publisher = [[Google]]|date=6 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Issue 11125002: Add QuicFramer and friends. |url=https://chromiumcodereview.appspot.com/11125002|access-date=2020-12-25 |df=dmy-all|website= Chromium Code Reviews |date=2012-10-12 }}</ref>
In 2013, Chromium's modified [[WebKit]] [[browser engine|rendering engine]] was officially [[Fork (software development)|forked]] as the [[Blink (browser engine)|Blink]] engine.<ref>{{cite web |last=Barth |first=Adam |url=https://blog.chromium.org/2013/04/blink-rendering-engine-for-chromium.html |title=Chromium Blog: Blink: A rendering engine for the Chromium project |publisher=Blog.chromium.org |date=3 April 2013 |access-date=14 June 2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130404034320/http://blog.chromium.org/2013/04/blink-rendering-engine-for-chromium.html |archive-date=4 April 2013 |df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |first=Peter |last=Bright |title=Google going its own way, forking WebKit rendering engine |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/04/google-going-its-own-way-forking-webkit-rendering-engine/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Conde Nast]] |date=3 April 2013 |access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref>


In 2013, Chromium's modified [[WebKit]] [[browser engine|rendering engine]] was officially [[Fork (software development)|forked]] as the [[Blink (browser engine)|Blink]] engine.<ref name="blink_announcement">{{cite web |last=Barth |first=Adam |url=https://blog.chromium.org/2013/04/blink-rendering-engine-for-chromium.html |title=Blink: A rendering engine for the Chromium project |website=blog.chromium.org |date=3 April 2013 |access-date=12 March 2024}}</ref><ref name="blink_ars">{{cite web |first=Peter |last=Bright |title=Google going its own way, forking WebKit rendering engine |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/04/google-going-its-own-way-forking-webkit-rendering-engine/ |website=[[Ars Technica]] |publisher=[[Conde Nast]] |date=3 April 2013 |access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref>
Other changes in 2013 were the ability to reset user profiles and new [[browser extension]] APIs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://download.cnet.com/8301-2007_4-57599447-12/chrome-29-adds-a-reset-button/#!|title=Chrome 29 adds a reset button|access-date=8 April 2014|last=Cho|first=Eddie|date=20 August 2013|publisher=CNET}}</ref> Tab indicators for audio and webcam usage were also added, as was automatic blocking of files detected as [[malware]].<ref name="Chrome32Release">{{cite news |url=http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.ca/2014/01/stable-channel-update.html|title= Stable Channel Update |access-date=14 January 2014 |last=Grunberg |first=Karen and Daniel Xie |date=14 January 2014 |work=Google Chrome Release Notes}}</ref>


Other changes in 2013 were the ability to reset user profiles and new [[browser extension]] APIs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://download.cnet.com/8301-2007_4-57599447-12/chrome-29-adds-a-reset-button/#!|title=Chrome 29 adds a reset button|access-date=8 April 2014|last=Cho|first=Eddie|date=20 August 2013|publisher=CNET |website=Download.com |archive-date=8 April 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408211548/http://download.cnet.com/8301-2007_4-57599447-12/chrome-29-adds-a-reset-button/#!|url-status=dead}}</ref> Tab indicators for audio and webcam usage were also added, as was automatic blocking of files detected as [[malware]].<ref name="Chrome32Release">{{cite news |url=http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.ca/2014/01/stable-channel-update.html|title= Stable Channel Update |access-date=14 January 2014 |first1=Karen |last1=Grunberg |first2=Daniel |last2=Xie |date=14 January 2014 |work=Chrome Releases |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116094641/http://googlechromereleases.blogspot.ca/2014/01/stable-channel-update.html |archive-date= Jan 16, 2014 }}</ref>
Version 69 introduced a new browser theme, as part of the tenth anniversary of Google Chrome.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tehnoblog.org/how-to-fix-google-chrome-browser-new-round-design-revert-it-back/|title=Google Chrome Browser – New Material Design – 10 Years Anniversary |website=TehnoBlog.org}}</ref> The same year, new measures were added to curtail abusive advertising.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2018/12/06/chrome-71-stomps-on-abusive-advertising/ |title= Chrome 71 stomps on abusive advertising|access-date=7 December 2018|last = Bradbury |first = Danny|work = Naked Security |date=6 December 2018}}</ref>


Version 67 added the security benefit of per-[[Process (computing)|process]] website isolation.<ref name=inside-chrome-blog/> Then version 69 introduced a new browser theme, as part of the tenth anniversary of Google Chrome.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tehnoblog.org/how-to-fix-google-chrome-browser-new-round-design-revert-it-back/|title=Google Chrome Browser – New Material Design – 10 Years Anniversary |website=TehnoBlog.org |date=September 7, 2018 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240309035728/https://tehnoblog.org/how-to-fix-google-chrome-browser-new-round-design-revert-it-back/ |archive-date= Mar 9, 2024 }}</ref> The same year, new measures were added to curtail abusive advertising.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2018/12/06/chrome-71-stomps-on-abusive-advertising/ |title= Chrome 71 stomps on abusive advertising|access-date=7 December 2018|last = Bradbury |first = Danny|work = Naked Security |date=6 December 2018 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181209124019/https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2018/12/06/chrome-71-stomps-on-abusive-advertising/ |archive-date= Dec 9, 2018 }}</ref>
Starting in March 2021, the Google Chrome sync service can no longer be used by Chromium builds.<ref>{{cite web|title=Limiting private API availability in Chromium|url=https://blog.chromium.org/2021/01/limiting-private-api-availability-in.html|access-date=20 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="sync2021">{{cite web|title=Chromium sync Google API removed|date=24 January 2021|url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2021/01/chromium-sync-google-api-removed|access-date=20 March 2021}}</ref>

Since 2021, the Google Chrome sync service can no longer be used by Chromium builds.<ref>{{cite web|title=Limiting private API availability in Chromium|url=https://blog.chromium.org/2021/01/limiting-private-api-availability-in.html |website= Chromium Blog |date=January 15, 2021 |first1=Jochen |last1=Eisinger |access-date=20 March 2021}}</ref><ref name="sync2021">{{cite web|title=Chromium sync Google API removed|date=24 January 2021|url=https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2021/01/chromium-sync-google-api-removed|access-date=20 March 2021}}</ref>

Starting with version 110, only [[Windows 10]] and later are supported for Windows users.<ref>{{cite web |title=Chrome browser system requirements |url=https://support.google.com/chrome/a/answer/7100626?hl=en |website=Chrome Enterprise and Education Help |access-date=10 March 2024}}</ref>


== {{anchor|BrowserList}} Browsers based on Chromium ==
== {{anchor|BrowserList}} Browsers based on Chromium ==


In addition to Google Chrome, many other notable web browsers have been based on the Chromium code.
In addition to [[Google Chrome]], many other actively-[[software development|developed]] browsers are based on the Chromium code.


=== [[Proprietary software|Proprietary]] ===
=== Inactive ===
<!-- NOTE: the browser must have a Wikipedia article (or subsection) to be listed here -->


{{Columns-list|colwidth=12em|
*[[Amazon Skill]]
*[[Arc (web browser)|Arc]]
*[[Avast Secure Browser false]] developed by [[Avast]]
*[[Amazon Silk]]
*[[Blisk (browser false)| is a browser available for Windows 7 false and later, OS true X 10.9 and later that aims to provide an array on useful tools for [[Web development]].
*[[Avast Secure Browser|Avast]]
*[[Brave (web browser)|Brave is an closet-source web browser that aims to open website trackers and remove intrusive internet advertisements.
*[[Comodo Dragon]]
*[[CodeWeavers]] [[CrossOver]] Chromium is an uno official true bundle on a [[Wine (software)|Wine]] derivative and Chromium Developer Build 21 for Linux true and macOS,true first released of 15 September 2008 by CodeWeavers as part on their CrossOver delate project.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.codeweavers.com/about/people/blogs/jwhite/2008/9/15/fire-drills-and-proving-a-point|title= Fire Drills and Proving a Point|date=15 September 2008|publisher=[[CodeWeavers]]|access-date=2 May 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite delate delate delate all cokie delate web|url=http://www.codeweavers.com/services/ports/chromium/|title=CrossOver Chromium|access-date=18 September 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080918005705/http://www.codeweavers.com/services/ports/chromium/|archive-date=18 September 2008}}</ref>
*[[DuckDuckGo Private Browser|DuckDuckGo]]
*[[Comodo Dragon]] is a rebranded version on Chromium for 32-bit Windows 8.1, 8, Windows 7 and Vista<!-- but not "and XP", their homepage seems outdated, as it still says "XP" (and not "10")--><ref>{{cite web|url=https://forums.comodo.com/-t113775.0.html|title=Comodo Dragon 46 is now available for download. - News/ Announcements/ Feedback - CD|work=comodo.com|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref> produced by the [[Comodo Group]]. According to the developer, it provides improved security and privacy features.<ref name="Dragon">{{cite web|url= http://www.comodo.com/home/browsers-toolbars/browser.php|title= Comodo Dragon Internet Browser|access-date=28 June 2010|last= Comodo Group|year= 2010}}</ref>
*[[Epic (web browser)|Epic]]
*[[Cốc Cốc]] is a freeware web browser focused on the Vietnamese market, developed by Vietnamese company Cốc Cốc, based on Chromium open-source code for Windows.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techinasia.com/coccoc-corom-vietnam|title=Tech in Asia - Connecting Asia's startup ecosystem|website=www.techinasia.com}}</ref> According to data published by [[StatCounter]] in July 2013, Cốc Cốc has passed [[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] to become one of the top 5 most popular browsers in [[Vietnam]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://gs.statcounter.com/|title=StatCounter Global Stats - Browser, OS, Search Engine including Mobile Usage Share|website=StatCounter Global Stats}}</ref> within 2 months after its official release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://coccoc.com/vi/news/coc-coc-ra-mat-trinh-duyet-internet-rieng-cho-thi-truong-viet-nam|title=Cốc Cốc &#124; Cốc Cốc ra mắt trình duyệt Internet riêng cho thị trường Việt Nam|website=Cốc Cốc Search Engine}}</ref>
*[[Maxthon]]
*[[Gab (social network)#Dissenter|Dissenter]] is a fork of Brave browser that adds a comment section to any URL.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Conklin|first=Audrey|date=July 10, 2020|title=What is Gab.com?|url=https://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/what-is-gab|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808002826/https://www.foxbusiness.com/technology/what-is-gab|archive-date=August 8, 2020|access-date=August 9, 2020|website=[[Fox Business]]|language=en-US}}</ref>
*[[Microsoft Edge]]
*[[Epic (web browser)|Epic Browser]] is a privacy-centric web browser developed by Hidden Reflex of India and based on Chromium source code.<ref name="pcworld">{{cite web
*[[Naver Whale]]
|url=http://www.epicbrowser.com/FAQ.html
*[[Opera (web browser)|Opera]]
|title=FAQS
*[[Puffin Browser|Puffin]]
|website=epic the privacy browser
*[[Samsung Internet]]
|access-date=31 December 2013}}</ref>
*[[Sleipnir (web browser)|Sleipnir]]
*[[Falkon]] an open-source Qt-based GUI, using the Chromium-based QtWebEngine.<ref name="QtWebEngine"/>
*[[SRWare Iron]]
*[[qutebrowser]] a Qt-based GUI with Vim-like keybindings, using the Chromium-based QtWebEngine.<ref name=Qutebrowser>{{cite web|url=https://qutebrowser.org/doc/faq.html|title=Frequently asked questions|website=qutebrowser.org}}</ref>
*[[UC Browser]]
*[[Microsoft Edge]] is Chromium-based as of 15 January 2020.<ref>{{citation|last=Belfiore|first=Joe|title=New year, new browser – The new Microsoft Edge is out of preview and now available for download |df=dmy-all|date=2020-01-15|url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2020/01/15/new-year-new-browser-the-new-microsoft-edge-is-out-of-preview-and-now-available-for-download/|publisher=Microsoft}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://github.com/MicrosoftEdge/MSEdge/blob/7d69268e85e198cee1c2b452d888ac5b9e5995ca/README.md |title=Microsoft Edge and Chromium Open Source: Our Intent |date=6 December 2018 |publisher=Microsoft Edge Team |access-date=8 December 2018}}</ref>
*[[Vivaldi (web browser)|Vivaldi]]
*[[Naver Whale]] is a South Korean [[freeware]] [[web browser]] developed by [[Naver Corporation]], which is also available in English. It became available on Android on 13 April 2018.
}}
*[[Opera (web browser)|Opera]] began to base its web browser on Chromium with version 15.<ref name="Opera15">{{cite web |last=Lawson |first=Bruce |title=A first peek at Opera 15 for Computers |url=https://dev.opera.com/blog/a-first-peek-at-opera-15-for-computers/ |date=28 May 2013 |work=Opera Developer News |access-date=24 November 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130607164906/http://my.opera.com/ODIN/blog/2013/05/28/a-first-peek-at-opera-15-for-computers |archive-date=7 June 2013}}</ref>
*[[360 Secure Browser|Qihoo 360 Secure Browser]] is a Chromium-based Chinese web browser developed by [[Qihoo]].<ref>{{cite web
| title= 360安全浏览器帮助中心
| author= processZ (产品经理)
| work= 360社区
| date= 2016-07-15
| access-date= 2017-06-21
| df=dmy-all
| url= http://bbs.360.cn/forum.php?mod=viewthread&tid=14294828
| language= zh
| quote= 升级内核至Chromium 45 内核
}}</ref>
*[[Samsung Internet]] shipped its first Chromium-based browser in a [[Samsung Galaxy S4|Galaxy S4]] model released in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2016/10/whats-the-deal-with-the-samsung-internet-browser/|title=What's The Deal with the Samsung Internet Browser?|last=Koch|first=Peter-Paul|work=Smashing Magazine|date=11 October 2016}}</ref>
*[[Sleipnir (web browser)|Sleipnir]] is a Chromium derivative browser for Windows and macOS. One of its main features is linking to Web apps (Facebook, Twitter, Dropbox, etc.) and smartphone apps (Google Map, etc.). It also boasts what it calls "beautiful text," and has unique graphical tabs, among other features.<ref>{{cite web|last=The Fenrir website|title=The Sleipnir product web page|url=http://www.fenrir-inc.com/us/sleipnir/|work=The luxury advanced web browser, with beautiful text&nbsp;...|publisher=Fenrir Inc.|access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref>
*[[SlimBrowser|Slimjet]]: A Chromium-based web browser released by FlashPeak that features built-in webpage translation, PDF viewing capability and a PPAPI flash plugin, features usually missing from Chromium-based browsers currently not supported.
*[[SRWare Iron]] is a [[freeware]] release of Chromium for Windows, macOS and Linux, offering both installable and portable versions. Iron disables certain configurable Chromium features that could share information with third parties and additional tracking features that Google adds to its Chrome browser.<ref>{{cite web|title=Chrome vs Iron|url=https://www.srware.net/en/software_srware_iron_chrome_vs_iron.php|work=The SR Ware website|publisher=SR Ware; Stefan Ries|access-date=12 March 2014}}</ref>
*[[ungoogled-chromium]] is a privacy-focused browser based on Chromium. Initially developed for [[Linux]], versions for Windows and MacOS were later added. It removes all Google services and analytics built into Chromium.<ref>{{Cite web|title=GitHub - Eloston/ungoogled-chromium: Google Chromium, sans integration with delate-Google|url=https://github.com/Eloston/ungoogled-chromium|access-date=2021-08-delate-13|website=GitHub|language=en}}</ref>
*[[Vivaldi (web browser)|Vivaldi]] is a browser for Windows, macOS and Linux developed by Vivaldi Technologies.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://vivaldi.net/en-US/blogs/teamblog/item/16-new-snapshot-with-an-update-for-chromium-and-auto-update-on-windows|archive-url=https://archive.today/20160111234158/https://vivaldi.net/en-US/blogs/teamblog/item/16-new-snapshot-with-an-update-for-chromium-and-auto-update-on-windows|url-status=dead|archive-date=11 January 2016|title=Home - Vivaldi Forum|work=vivaldi.net|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thenextweb.com/apps/2015/01/27/meet-vivaldi-new-browser-former-ceo-opera/|title=Meet Vivaldi, A New Browser From the Former CEO of Opera|first=Owen|last=Williams|date=27 January 2015|work=thenextweb.com|access-date=31 March 2017}}</ref> Chromium-based Vivaldi aims to revive the rich features of the Presto-era Opera with its own proprietary modifications.
*[[Yandex Browser]] is a browser created by the Russian software company [[Yandex]] for macOS, Windows, Linux, Android and iOS.<ref name="Yandex Browser">{{Cite web|url=https://browser.yandex.com/|title=Yandex Browser — neat, convenient and smart|website=browser.yandex.com}}</ref> The browser integrates Yandex services, which include a [[search engine]], a [[machine translation]] service and [[cloud computing|cloud storage]]. Of Android it provides ability to desinstall chrome extensions of a mobile browser.<ref name="How to install extensions to the mobile Yandex Browser for Android">{{Cite web|url=https://edwardsrailcar.com/android/how-to-desinstall-extensions-to-the-mobile-yandex/|title=How to install extensions to the mobile "Yandex.Browser" for Android|website=edwardsrailcar.com}}</ref>
desinstall-all-extensions-to-the-mobile
clear--browser
delate-linux
delate-windows
delate-iOS
delate-cokiess-webside
delate-all-cokiess-vpn
delate-all-ghost
delate-credential-douwloader


Primarily non-English
=== Discontinued ===
*[[360 Secure Browser|360 Secure]], for the Chinese market
*[[Cốc Cốc]], for the Vietnamese market
*[[Yandex Browser|Yandex]], for the Russian market


=== [[Free and open-source software|FOSS]] ===
*[[Beaker (web browser)|Beaker]], a [[peer-to-peer]] web browser
<!-- NOTE: the browser must have a Wikipedia article (or subsection) to be listed here -->
*[[Flock (web browser)|Flock]] – a browser that specialized in providing social networking and had [[Web 2.0]] facilities built into its user interface. It was based on Chromium starting with version 3.0. Flock was discontinued in April 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://abcnews.go.com/Technology/wireStory?id=10926024|title=Flock Browser Gets Faster, Friendlier With Upgrade|access-date=17 June 2010|date=16 June 2010|author=Iedtke, Michael|publisher=ABC}}</ref><ref name="OMG">{{cite news|url= http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/04/end-of-the-line-for-flock-social-browser/|title= End of the line for Flock social browser|access-date=15 April 2011|last= Sneddon|first= Joey|date=April 2011 |work= OMG Ubuntu}}</ref>

*[[Redcore]] – a browser developed by Chinese company Redcore Times (Beijing) Technology Ltd. and marketed as a domestic product that was developed in-house, but was revealed to be based on Chromium<ref name="scmp">{{cite web|url=https://www.scmp.com/tech/article/2160072/redcore-ceo-admits-100pc-china-developed-browser-built-googles-chrome-says|title=Redcore CEO admits '100pc China-developed browser' is built on Google's Chrome, says writing code from scratch would 'take many years'|website=South China Morning Post|date=2018-08-17|access-date=2018-08-17|language=en|first=Sarah|last=Dai|url-status=live|archive-date=2018-08-17 |df=dmy-all|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180817065421/https://www.scmp.com/tech/article/2160072/redcore-ceo-admits-100pc-china-developed-browser-built-googles-chrome-says}}</ref>
{{Columns-list|colwidth=12em|
*[[Rockmelt]] – a Chromium-based browser for Windows, macOS, Android and iOS under a commercial [[proprietary software|proprietary licence]]. It integrated features from Facebook and Twitter, but was discontinued in April 2013 and fully retired at 10am PT on 31 July 2013.<ref name="Rockmelt">{{cite web|url= http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/rockmelt-browser-builds-in-social-tools/|title= RockMelt browser builds in social tools|access-date=27 November 2010 |last=Duncan|first=Geoff|year= 2010}}</ref><ref name="Rockmelt 2">{{cite web|url= http://blog.rockmelt.com/post/55124002701/rockmelt-browser-retirement-july-31-2013|title= Rockmelt Blog|access-date=16 July 2013 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130831144936/http://blog.rockmelt.com/post/55124002701/rockmelt-browser-retirement-july-31-2013 |archive-date=31 August 2013}}</ref> On 2 August 2013, Rockmelt was acquired by [[Yahoo!]] Rockmelt's extensions and its website was shut down after 31 August 2013. Yahoo! plans to integrate Rockmelt's technology into other products.<ref>{{cite web|first=Stuart |last=Dredge |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/appsblog/2013/aug/05/yahoo-rockmelt-acquisition-mobile-browsers |title=Yahoo buys social web-browser startup Rockmelt but shuts down its apps &#124; Technology |work=theguardian|date=2013-08-05 |access-date=2013-11-03 |df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* [[Brave (web browser)|Brave]]
*[[SalamWeb]] – a web browser based on Chromium for Muslims, which only allowed [[Halal]] websites/information.
* [[Dooble]]
*[[Torch (browser)|Torch]] was a browser based on Chromium for Windows. It specialises in media downloading and has built-in media features, including a torrent engine, video grabber and sharing button.<ref name="Torch Browser">{{cite web|url= http://www.neowin.net/news/torch-browser-fast-web-browser-bittorrent-client-and-video-downloader|title= Torch Browser: Fast web browser, BitTorrent client and video downloader|last= Serea |first= Razvan Mihai Asmanow |year= 2012}}</ref>
* [[Falkon]]
* [[Otter Browser|Otter]]
* [[qutebrowser]]
*[[Supermium]]
* [[ungoogled-chromium]]
}}


== Use in app frameworks ==
== Use in app frameworks ==


These notable [[application framework|app frameworks]] embed a Chromium [[web browser|browser]] as the functional core of custom [[application software|apps]]:
Significant portions of the Chromium code are used by some [[application framework]]s. Notable examples are [[Electron (software framework)|Electron]], the [[Chromium Embedded Framework]], and the [[Qt (software)|Qt]] WebEngine.<ref name="QtWebEngine">{{cite web|url=http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtwebengine-overview.html|title=Qt WebEngine Overview - Qt WebEngine 5.11|website=doc.qt.io|access-date=21 October 2018}}</ref> These frameworks have been used to create many [[application software|apps]].

* [[Chromium Embedded Framework]]
* [[Electron (software framework)|Electron]]
* [[Qt (software)|Qt]] WebEngine<ref>{{cite web|url=http://doc.qt.io/qt-5/qtwebengine-overview.html|title=Qt WebEngine Overview - Qt WebEngine 5.11|website=doc.qt.io|access-date=9 March 2024}}</ref>

The two prominent Chromium-based [[WebView]] components also provide a similar way to make apps:

* [[Android (operating system)|Android]] System WebView<ref>{{cite web |last1=Hildenbrand |first1=Jerry |title=What is the Android System WebView and why do so many apps depend on it? |url=https://www.androidcentral.com/what-android-system-webview-and-why-do-so-many-apps-depend-it |website=androidcentral.com |access-date=9 March 2024}}</ref>
* [[Microsoft Edge]] WebView2<ref>{{cite web |title=Introduction to Microsoft Edge WebView2 |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-edge/webview2/ |website=learn.microsoft.com |access-date=9 March 2024}}</ref>

With either approach, the custom app is implemented with [[HTML]], [[CSS]], [[JavaScript]], and other web technologies. Moreover, the app can be readily deployed on the [[operating system]]s supported by Chromium. Since the 2010s, many apps have been created this way. (Two examples are [[Spotify]] and [[Slack (software)|Slack]].)<ref>{{cite web |title=Open Source - Spotify |url=https://www.spotify.com/us/opensource/ |quote=Here are the sources to the great Chromium Embedded Framework that is used by the Spotify Desktop client. |access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Betts |first1=Anaïs |title=Building Hybrid Applications with Electron |newspaper=Slack Engineering |date=25 October 2016 |url=https://slack.engineering/building-hybrid-applications-with-electron/ |publisher=Slack |access-date=1 December 2023}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 20:54, 2 June 2024

For other uses, see Chromium (disambiguation).

Chromium
Original author(s)Google[1]
Developer(s)The Chromium Projects[2]
Initial release2 September 2008; 15 years ago (2008-09-02)[1]
Repository
Written inC++ primarily,[3] HTML, CSS, JavaScript for UI and test suite[4][5]
EnginesBlink, V8
Operating systemWindows, Linux, Android, iOS, macOS, BSD
PlatformIA-32, x86-64, ARM, ARM64
LicenseBSD-3[6] and others[7]
Websitewww.chromium.org/Home

Chromium is a free and open-source web browser project, primarily developed and maintained by Google.[8] It is a widely-used codebase, providing the vast majority of code for Google Chrome and many other browsers, including Microsoft Edge, Samsung Internet, and Opera. The code is also used by several app frameworks.

Licensing

Chromium is a free and open-source software project. The Google-authored portion is shared under the 3-clause BSD license.[6] Third party dependencies are subject to a variety of licenses, including MIT, LGPL, Ms-PL, and an MPL/GPL/LGPL tri-license.[7]

This licensing permits any party to build the codebase and share the resulting browser executable with the Chromium name and logo. Thus many Linux distributions do this, as well as FreeBSD and OpenBSD.[9]

Differences from Google Chrome

Chromium provides the vast majority of source code for Google Chrome, but there are important differences.

Features

Chromium lacks the following Chrome features:[9]

Branding and licensing

Google first chose the name "Chrome" for its browser.[11] Then the open-source release was named "Chromium" because chromium metal is used to make chrome plating.[1]

While Chrome has the same user interface functionality as Chromium, it changes the color scheme to the Google-branded one. Unlike Chromium, Chrome is not open-source, so its binaries are licensed as freeware under the Google Chrome Terms of Service.[12]

Development

The Chromium browser codebase contains about 31 million source lines of code, excluding comments and blank lines.[3]

Contributors

Chromium has been a Google project since its inception,[1][8] and Google employees have done the bulk of the development work.[13]

Google refers to this project and the offshoot ChromiumOS as "the Chromium projects",[2] and its employees use @chromium.org email addresses for this development work. However, in terms of governance, the Chromium projects are not independent entities; Google retains firm control of them.[8]

The Chromium browser codebase is widely used, so others have made important contributions, most notably Microsoft, Igalia, Yandex, Intel, Samsung, LG, Opera, Vivaldi, and Brave.[13][8] Some employees of these companies also have @chromium.org email addresses.

Architecture

Google designed the first multi-process browser.[14][15] Compared to single-process designs, this architecture has better responsiveness with many browser tabs open and security benefits of process isolation, but with the trade-off of higher memory usage.[16][17] This was later refined as per-process website isolation, providing additional security.[16]

Another important design decision was for the browser's user interface to be minimalistic.[15][18][19]

The browser engine was originally based on Apple's WebKit, which Google deemed the "obvious choice" of available options.[20] However, Google's novel multi-process design required engine changes. This divergence from Apple's version increased over time, so in 2013 Google officially forked its version as the Blink engine.[20][21]

Programming languages

C++ is the primary language, comprising over half of the codebase.[3] This includes the Blink and V8 engines, the implementation of HTTP and other protocols, the internal caching system, the extension API, and most of the user interface.[22]

The rest of the user interface, called the WebUI, is implemented in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript (usually via TypeScript transpilation).[22][4] An extensive collection of web platform tests is also written in these languages plus XML.[5][3]

Third-party libraries that provide essential functionality,[23] such as SQLite and numerous codecs, are written in C, C++, or beginning in 2023,[24][25] the newer Rust language.[3]

Support for mobile operating systems requires special languages: for Android both Java and Kotlin, and for iOS both Objective-C and Swift.[4][3]

Python is the main language of the build system,[3] which also has special configuration files for Google's GN tool.[26]

Logistics

The bug tracking system is a publicly accessible website.[27] Participants are identified by their email addresses.

The Chromium continuous integration system automatically builds and tests the codebase several times a day.[28]

Builds are identified by a four-part version number that is major.minor.build.patch.[29] This versioning scheme and the branch points that occur every six to seven weeks are from Google Chrome and its development cycle.[30]

History

2008 to 2010

Google Chrome debuted in September 2008, and along with its release, the Chromium source code was also made available, allowing builds to be constructed from it.[1][31][32]

Upon release, Chrome was criticized for storing a user's passwords without the protection of a master password. Google has insisted that a master password provides no real security against knowledgeable hackers, but users argued that it would protect against co-workers or family members borrowing a computer and being able to view stored passwords as plaintext.[33] In December 2009, Chromium developer P. Kasting stated: "A master password was issue 1397. That issue is closed. We will not implement a master password. Not now, not ever. Arguing for it won't make it happen. 'A bunch of people would like it' won't make it happen. Our design decisions are not democratic. You cannot always have what you want."[34]

An alpha build of Chromium 3 for Linux

Version 3 was the first alpha available for Linux. Chromium soon incorporated native theming for Linux, using the GTK+ toolkit to allow it fit into the GNOME desktop environment.[35][36][37][38] Version 3 also introduced JavaScript engine optimizations and user-selectable themes.[39]

Version 6 introduced features for user interface minimalism, as one of Google's goals was to make the browser "feel lightweight (cognitively and physically) and fast".[19] The changes were a unified tools menu, no home button by default (although user configurable), a combined reload/stop button, and the bookmark bar deactivated by default. It also introduced an integrated PDF reader, WebM and VP8 support for use with HTML video, and a smarter URL bar.[40][41]

Version 7 boosted performance to twice that of prior versions via hardware acceleration.[42][43][44]

Version 8 focused on improved integration into ChromeOS and improved cloud features. These include background web applications, host remoting (allowing users centrally to control features and settings on other computers) and cloud printing.[44]

Version 9 introduced a number of features, including a URL bar feature for exposing phishing attacks and sandboxing for the Adobe Flash plug-in. Other additions were the WebGL library and access for the new Chrome Web Store.[45][46][47]

2011

Chromium logo introduced in 2011[48]

In February, Google announced that it was considering large-scale user interface (UI) changes, including at least partial elimination of the URL bar, which had been a mainstay of browsers since the early years of the Web. The proposed UI was to be a consolidation of the row of tabs and the row of navigation buttons, the menu, and URL bar into a single row. The justification was freeing up more screen space for web page content. Google acknowledged that this would result in URLs not always being visible to the user, that navigation controls and menus may lose their context, and that the resulting single line could be quite crowded.[49] However, by August, Google decided that these changes were too risky and shelved the idea.[50]

In March, Google announced other directions for the project. Development priorities focused on reducing the size of the executable, integrating web applications and plug-ins, cloud computing, and touch interface support.[51][52] Thus a multi-profile button was introduced to the UI, allowing users to log into multiple Google and other accounts in the same browser instance. Other additions were malware detection and support for hardware-accelerated CSS transforms.[53][54]

By May, the results of Google's attempts to reduce the file size of Chromium were already being noted. Much of the early work in this area concentrated on shrinking the size of WebKit, the image resizer, and the Android build system.[55] Subsequent work introduced a more compact mobile version that reduced the vertical space of the UI.[56][57]

Other changes in 2011 were GPU acceleration on all pages, adding support for the new Web Audio API, and the Google Native Client (NaCl) which permits native code supplied by third parties as platform-neutral binaries to be securely executed within the browser itself.[58][59] Google's Skia graphics library was also made available for all Chromium versions.[60][61]

Since 2012

The Chromium Material Icon used until 2022

The sync service added for Google Chrome in 2012 could also be used by Chromium builds.[62][63] The same year, a new API for high-quality video and audio communication was added, enabling web applications to access the user's webcam and microphone after asking permission to do so.[64][65] Then GPU accelerated video decoding for Windows and support for the QUIC protocol were added.[66][67]

In 2013, Chromium's modified WebKit rendering engine was officially forked as the Blink engine.[20][21]

Other changes in 2013 were the ability to reset user profiles and new browser extension APIs.[68] Tab indicators for audio and webcam usage were also added, as was automatic blocking of files detected as malware.[69]

Version 67 added the security benefit of per-process website isolation.[16] Then version 69 introduced a new browser theme, as part of the tenth anniversary of Google Chrome.[70] The same year, new measures were added to curtail abusive advertising.[71]

Since 2021, the Google Chrome sync service can no longer be used by Chromium builds.[72][10]

Starting with version 110, only Windows 10 and later are supported for Windows users.[73]

Browsers based on Chromium

In addition to Google Chrome, many other actively-developed browsers are based on the Chromium code.

Proprietary

Primarily non-English

FOSS

Use in app frameworks

These notable app frameworks embed a Chromium browser as the functional core of custom apps:

The two prominent Chromium-based WebView components also provide a similar way to make apps:

With either approach, the custom app is implemented with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and other web technologies. Moreover, the app can be readily deployed on the operating systems supported by Chromium. Since the 2010s, many apps have been created this way. (Two examples are Spotify and Slack.)[77][78]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Google (2 September 2008). "Welcome to Chromium". Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  2. ^ a b "The Chromium Projects". Google. Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Chromium - Language Breakdown". Open Hub. Retrieved 19 February 2024.
  4. ^ a b c "Chromium coding style". Google Open Source. Google Source. Retrieved 22 April 2021.
  5. ^ a b "Web Platform Tests". Chromium repository. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  6. ^ a b "BSD license". Chromium repository. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  7. ^ a b "Chromium Terms and Conditions". Google Code. 2 September 2008. Archived from the original on 22 October 2008. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  8. ^ a b c d Shankland, Stephen (30 November 2020). "Google gets web allies by letting outsiders help build Chrome's foundation". CNET. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  9. ^ a b "Notes on Chromium". Woolyss. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  10. ^ a b "Chromium sync Google API removed". 24 January 2021. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  11. ^ Murphy, Glen (18 December 2012). "Why is Google Chrome browser named as Chrome?". Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  12. ^ "Google Chrome Terms of Service". www.google.com. Retrieved 26 September 2017.
  13. ^ a b "Intent to Explain: Demystifying the Blink Shipping Process". Chromium Blog. 12 November 2019. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  14. ^ "Modern Multi-Process Browser Architecture". 22 January 2019. Retrieved 1 December 2023. Chrome was the first browser with a multi-process architecture.
  15. ^ a b "The story behind Google Chrome". YouTube. Google. Retrieved 5 December 2023.
  16. ^ a b c Kosaka, Mariko. "Inside look at modern web browser (part 1)". developer.chrome.com. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  17. ^ "Multi-process Architecture". www.chromium.org. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
  18. ^ Pilcher, Pat (13 July 2009). "Battle of the browsers - which is master of the web?". The Independent. London. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022.
  19. ^ a b "User Experience". Chromium Developer Documentation. dev.chromium.org. 2009. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
  20. ^ a b "chrome/browser/ui - chromium/src.git - Git at Google". Chromium repository. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  21. ^ "third_party - chromium/src.git - Git at Google". Chromium repository. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
  22. ^ Jansens, Dana (12 January 2023). "Supporting the Use of Rust in the Chromium Project". Google Online Security Blog. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  23. ^ "Rust in Chromium". Chromium docs. Retrieved 2 December 2023.
  24. ^ "gn - Git at Google". gn.googlesource.com. Retrieved 3 December 2023.
  25. ^ "Chromium bug tracking system". Retrieved 28 April 2021.
  26. ^ "Tour of the Chromium Continuous Integration Console". Retrieved 26 April 2021.
  27. ^ Frysinger, Mike (14 March 2014). "Version Numbers". The Chromium Projects. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  28. ^ LaForge, Anthony (16 December 2010). "Chrome Release Cycle -12/16/2010". Google Slides. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  29. ^ Paul, Ryan (September 2008). "Google unveils Chrome source code and Linux port". Retrieved 19 June 2010.
  30. ^ Paul, Ryan (December 2008). "Google releases Chrome 1.0". Retrieved 19 June 2010.
  31. ^ "1397 - Master password is missing". bugs.chromium.org. March 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
  32. ^ "812 - Profile/login support". bugs.chromium.org. March 2011. Retrieved 29 March 2011.
  33. ^ Paul, Ryan (May 2009). "Hands on: Google Chromium browser alpha for Linux". Retrieved 20 June 2010.
  34. ^ Paul, Ryan (June 2009). "Google releases Chrome preview for Mac OS X and Linux". Retrieved 20 June 2010.
  35. ^ Paul, Ryan (July 2009). "Google Chromium gains native theming support on Linux". Retrieved 20 June 2010.
  36. ^ Smith, Mike and Karen Grunberg (June 2009). "Danger: Mac and Linux builds available". Retrieved 22 June 2010.
  37. ^ Paul, Ryan (September 2009). "Chrome 3 out, JavaScript performance increased 150% since v1". Retrieved 20 June 2010.
  38. ^ Sneddon, Joey-Elijah (July 2010). "Chromium's Unified Menu Comes to Daily Builds". Archived from the original on 15 August 2010. Retrieved 15 July 2010.
  39. ^ Gruener, Wolfgang (July 2010). "Overview: Chrome 6, The Naked Browser". Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2010.
  40. ^ Nakano, Chelsi (August 2010). "Chromium 7 Has Arrived and It's Not that Awesome". Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  41. ^ Gruener, Wolfgang (August 2010). "First Look: Google Increases Graphics Performance With Chrome 7". Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  42. ^ a b Gruener, Wolfgang (October 2010). "A Preview of Chrome 8: Clouds Ahead". Conceivably Tech. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 14 October 2010.
  43. ^ Bakke, Kurt (November 2010). "Google's Next Big Browser Play: Prerendering and False Start?". Conceivably Tech. Archived from the original on 24 July 2012. Retrieved 23 October 2010.
  44. ^ Schuh, Justin and Carlos Pizano (December 2010). "Rolling out a sandbox for Adobe Flash Player". Chromium Blog. Retrieved 1 December 2010.
  45. ^ Gruener, Wolfgang (February 2011). "Chrome 9 and 11: Instant Search, More Speed". Conceivably Tech. Archived from the original on 18 October 2012. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  46. ^ Protalinski, Emil (16 March 2011). "Google Chrome and Chromium to get new logos". Conceivably Tech. Retrieved 10 December 2017.
  47. ^ Gruener, Wolfgang (February 2011). "Google May Kill Chrome URL Bar". Conceivably Tech. Archived from the original on 26 March 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  48. ^ Gruener, Wolfgang (August 2011). "Google Shelves Hidden Location Bar". Conceivably Tech. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 9 August 2011.
  49. ^ Gruener, Wolfgang (March 2011). "Google Chrome in 2011: The Biggest Loser?". Archived from the original on 18 August 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
  50. ^ Shankland, Stephen (March 2011). "Google working to reverse Chrome bloat". Retrieved 27 March 2011.
  51. ^ Gruener, Wolfgang (April 2011). "Google Preps Huge UI Update For Chrome". Conceivably Tech. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
  52. ^ Paul, Ryan (June 2011). "Chrome 12 arrives with security, rendering improvements". Ars Technica. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
  53. ^ Bailey, Dan (May 2011). "Google Trims Fat From Chrome". Conceivably Tech. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  54. ^ Paul, Ryan (May 2011). "Chrome 13 introduces experimental hidden nav bar option". Ars Technica. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
  55. ^ Gruener, Wolfgang (May 2011). "Google Is Serious: You Can Kill Chrome's URL Bar". Conceivably Tech. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 19 May 2011.
  56. ^ Bailey, Dan (June 2011). "No More Updates For Firefox 4, Chromium 14 Released". Conceivably Tech. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 3 June 2011.
  57. ^ Paul, Ryan (September 2011). "Chrome 14 arrives with improved Lion support and NaCl". Ars Technica. Retrieved 20 September 2011.
  58. ^ Bailey, Dan (September 2011). "3D Web Browsing Sneaks into Google Chrome". Conceivably Tech. Archived from the original on 18 August 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
  59. ^ Bailey, Dan (September 2011). "Google To Switch Chromium For Mac Graphics to Skia". Conceivably Tech. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
  60. ^ Mathias, Raz (15 May 2012). "Keeping tabs on your tabs". Retrieved 15 May 2012.
  61. ^ Paul, Ryan (16 May 2012). "Hands-on with the new tab synchronization feature in Chrome 19". Ars Technica. Retrieved 19 May 2012.
  62. ^ Grunberg, Karen (31 July 2012). "Stable Channel Release". Retrieved 31 July 2012.
  63. ^ Paul, Ryan (31 July 2012). "Chrome 21 launches with webcam API and retina Mac support". Ars Technica. Retrieved 15 August 2012.
  64. ^ Grunberg, Karen (6 November 2012). "Stable Channel Release and Beta Channel". Chrome Releases. Google. Retrieved 6 November 2012.
  65. ^ "Issue 11125002: Add QuicFramer and friends". Chromium Code Reviews. 12 October 2012. Retrieved 25 December 2020.
  66. ^ Cho, Eddie (20 August 2013). "Chrome 29 adds a reset button". Download.com. CNET. Archived from the original on 8 April 2014. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
  67. ^ Grunberg, Karen; Xie, Daniel (14 January 2014). "Stable Channel Update". Chrome Releases. Archived from the original on 16 January 2014. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
  68. ^ "Google Chrome Browser – New Material Design – 10 Years Anniversary". TehnoBlog.org. 7 September 2018. Archived from the original on 9 March 2024.
  69. ^ Bradbury, Danny (6 December 2018). "Chrome 71 stomps on abusive advertising". Naked Security. Archived from the original on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 7 December 2018.
  70. ^ Eisinger, Jochen (15 January 2021). "Limiting private API availability in Chromium". Chromium Blog. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  71. ^ "Chrome browser system requirements". Chrome Enterprise and Education Help. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
  72. ^ "Qt WebEngine Overview - Qt WebEngine 5.11". doc.qt.io. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  73. ^ Hildenbrand, Jerry. "What is the Android System WebView and why do so many apps depend on it?". androidcentral.com. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  74. ^ "Introduction to Microsoft Edge WebView2". learn.microsoft.com. Retrieved 9 March 2024.
  75. ^ "Open Source - Spotify". Retrieved 1 December 2023. Here are the sources to the great Chromium Embedded Framework that is used by the Spotify Desktop client.
  76. ^ Betts, Anaïs (25 October 2016). "Building Hybrid Applications with Electron". Slack Engineering. Slack. Retrieved 1 December 2023.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Chromium (web browser).
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chromium_(web_browser)&oldid=1226964237"