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AlphaFold predicts protein structures with an accuracy competitive with experimental structures in the majority of cases using a novel deep learning architecture.

A novel deep learning architecture performs device-independent tissue segmentation of clinical 3D retinal images followed by separate diagnostic classification that meets or exceeds human expert clinical diagnoses of retinal disease.

International challenges have become the de facto standard for comparative assessment of image analysis algorithms. Here, the authors present the results of a biomedical image segmentation challenge, showing that a method capable of performing well on multiple tasks will generalize well to a previously unseen task.

Motile cilia beat in a defined direction to orchestrate developmental programs, but also to execute janitorial tasks such as clearing airways. Here they show that motile cilia of the Xenopus epidermis are anchored to microridge-like membrane protrusions to maintain their directionality.

AlphaFold is used to predict the structures of almost all of the proteins in the human proteome—the availability of high-confidence predicted structures could enable new avenues of investigation from a structural perspective.

A user-friendly ImageJ plugin enables the application and training of U-Nets for deep-learning-based image segmentation, detection and classification tasks with minimal labeling requirements.

Dopaminergic neurons, which are affected in neuronal diseases, have important roles in modulating behaviour, cognition and physiology. In this study, the authors map every projection for each type of dopaminergic neuron in zebrafish larvae, which may help to understand neurological disease.

Microglia can expand and divide quickly in the context of CNS pathology, but little is known about the kinetics and clonality of microgliosis. Prinz and colleagues develop a new fate mapping system to monitor microglial dynamics. Microglial self-renewal is found to be a stochastic process under steady state conditions, whereas clonal expansion is observed during disease.

An imaging and registration framework called Virtual Brain Explorer for Zebrafish (ViBE-Z) allows mapping of gene expression patterns and anatomical structures in the zebrafish larval brain. ViBE-Z is provided via a web interface and contains software for image processing, data sets from several developmental stages and a brain atlas.

This analysis describes the results of three Cell Tracking Challenge editions for examining the performance of cell segmentation and tracking algorithms and provides practical feedback for users and developers.

Gerd Walz and colleagues use in vivo imaging in Xenopus laevis embryos and show that kidney tubule elongation occurs by a multicellular rosette-based mechanism, which has previously only been observed in Drosophila melanogaster. These data show that rosette-based cell intercalation is a highly conserved cellular mechanism during epithelial morphogenesis.