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Water in the mantle transition zone beneath Northeast Asia is sourced from the Earth’s surface and introduced by the subducted Pacific slab, according to a study of potassium isotopes from Cenozoic volcanics.

Analysis combining multiple global tree databases reveals that whether a location is invaded by non-native tree species depends on anthropogenic factors, but the severity of the invasion depends on the native species diversity.

The direct C−H-difluoromethylation of pyridines represents a highly efficient economic way to access azines. However, the direct meta-difluoromethylation of pyridines remains elusive. Here, the authors demonstrate switchable meta- as well as para-C−H difluoromethylation of pyridines through radical processes by using oxazino pyridine intermediates.

Alternative stable states in forests have implications for the biosphere. Here, the authors combine forest biodiversity observations and simulations revealing that leaf types across temperate regions of the NH follow a bimodal distribution suggesting signatures of alternative forest states.

The chemotherapeutic efficacy of prodrug is limited by its cancer-targeting ability. Here this group reports an engineered commensal Lactobacillus plantarum strain with anticancer prodrugs loading on the surface for nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell-targeting and growth inhibition.

Characterization of seminal root number variation in the root systems of >9,000 global maize accessions and its wild relatives provides insights into root trait adaptation to environments during domestication and global expansion.

A single exometabolite produced by an opportunistic bacterial pathogen of the root microbiome enhances host susceptibility to salt stress and promotes plant disease in complex soil systems.

In their study, Wang and Dagan show that 84% of antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug resistance plasmids in Escherichia, Salmonella, and Klebsiella reside within resistance islands that evolve within the framework of plasmid lineages.

Stomata function is essential for photosynthesis and the global carbon and oxygen cycles. Here, the authors report the regulatory framework that establishes rhythmic pore movements to prevent water loss at night and allow CO₂ uptake during the day.

Bioactivity-guided isolation of specialized metabolites is an iterative process. Here, the authors demonstrate a native metabolomics approach that allows for fast screening of complex metabolite extracts against a protein of interest and simultaneous structure annotation.

Zhang et al. propose the ecological status of the ocean by considering microbial diversity, structure, and biogeochemical potential. Ecological status of 32.44% surface ocean will change due to climate change in 2100, assuming no policy intervention.

Sweat sensors are important in personalized healthcare using natural oxidase to target biomolecules but these reactions are susceptible to external interference. Here, the authors report tryptophan- and histidine-treated copper metal-organic frameworks which show highly selective activity for ascorbate oxidation and can serve as an efficient ascorbate oxidase-mimicking material in sensitive sweat sensors.

Extreme magnetoresistance (XMR) is the name assigned to the large and non-saturating magnetoresistance that occurs in some metals and semi-metals. In this work, the authors demonstrate the first material, PtSn₄, in which XMR can be switched off by changing the direction of the magnetic field.

Patient-derived xenografts are important tools for cancer drug development. Here, the authors develop models from 22 non-small cell lung cancer patients. They show genomic differences between models created from different spatial regions of tumours and a bottleneck on model establishment.

Urothelial cancer is a challenging disease and an emerging field for targeted therapies. Here, the authors optimize clinical proteomics to provide proteome-level data on tumor specificity and identify robust prognostic subtypes with predictive information for repurposed drug candidates.

Assessment of surface contamination shows that trace oxygen is a key factor influencing the trajectory and quality of graphene grown by low-pressure chemical vapour deposition, with oxygen-free synthesis showing increased reproducibility and quality.

The axon guidance receptor Plexin-B1 regulates the cellular interaction of peri-plaque astrocytes with microglia to affect the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease.

High-performance hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells rely on the anode loading of platinum-group metals. Here, the authors report a highly active hydrogen oxidation electrocatalyst which contains atomically dispersed Ir on Mo2C nanoparticles supported on a carbon substrate.

Accurate and high-throughput sequencing methods for proteins are lacking. Here the authors report Spectralis which improves de novo peptide sequencing using a convolutional layer that connects peaks in spectra spaced by amino acid masses, fragment ion series classification and a peptide-spectrum match confidence score.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is characterized by TDP-43 proteinopathy in the brain. Here, the authors find TDP-43 aggregation might be mediated by the loss of Asparaginase-like 1, an enzyme that degrades detrimental isoaspartates and is downregulated by the endogenous retrovirus HML-2.

Whole-genome sequencing of 962 clear cell renal cell carcinomas from 11 countries shows geographic variations in somatic mutation profiles, including a mutational signature of unknown cause in 70% of cases from Japan.

Oral antidotes for consumption-related acute alcohol intoxication are needed. Here, the study presents amyloid fibrils of β-lactoglobulin, a milk-derived protein decorated by single-site iron, as a catalytic platform for alcohol detoxification in vivo and prophylactic protection against alcohol damage.

Previous measurements of FeSe_0.45Te_0.55 found one-dimensional (1D) defects that were interpretated as domain walls hosting propagating Majorana topological modes. Here, the authors reveal that these 1D defects correspond to sub-surface debris and show that the filling of the superconducting gap on these defects is topologically trivial.

Polymer thin films that emit and absorb circularly polarised light are promising in achieving important technological advances, but the origin of the large chiroptical effects in such films has remained elusive. Here the authors demonstrate that in non-aligned polymer thin films, large chiroptical effects are caused by magneto-electric coupling, not structural chirality as previously assumed.

An antibody–drug conjugate that targets the pan-haematopoietic marker CD45 combined with transplanted stem cells engineered to be shielded from it can eradicate leukaemic cells while preserving haematopoiesis.

The strong connection between the dynamics of a physical system and its Hamiltonian’s spectrum has scarcely been applied in the non-Hermitian case. Here, the authors use a photonic quantum walk to confirm and expand previous theoretical analyses connecting self-acceleration dynamics with non-trivial point-gap topology.

Despite the importance of dynamic phosphorylation in biology, enzyme-free, synthetic systems that use dynamic phosphorylation to regulate supramolecular processes are unexplored. Here, the authors report an enzyme-free chemical reaction cycle that can dynamically phosphorylate amino acids and peptides using simple phosphorylating agents and regulate supramolecular functions.

In-vitro platforms for personalized cancer diagnosis is required high sensitivity. Here, the authors developed a digital microfluidic system for drug screening using primary tumor cells and established a working protocol for precision medicine.

As demand for organ transplants exceeds availability there has been an unmet need to extend preservation of deceased donor kidneys. Here, the authors show that a cell-free nutrient-supplemented perfusate allows 4-day preservation of human kidneys using spatially resolved lipidomics and metabolomics.

A modular quantum system-on-chip architecture integrates thousands of individually addressable spin qubits in two-dimensional quantum microchiplet arrays into an integrated circuit designed for cryogenic control, supporting full connectivity for quantum memory arrays across spin–photon channels.

Using exome sequencing data from one of the largest cohorts of children with cerebral palsy, the genetic diagnostic rates of single-nucleotide and copy number variants were assessed and a sizeable fraction found to be clinically actionable.

Model projections suggest that, even under a low-emissions scenario, lakes on the Tibetan Plateau will increase in area by about 50% by 2100, with widespread impacts on infrastructure and ecosystems.

The use of additives in the fabrication of solution-processed n-type perovskite transistors alleviates lattice strain and suppresses undercoordinated lead, boosting the charge transport properties of the devices and making them suitable for use in complementary circuit applications.

Proline-rich antimicrobial peptides (PrAMPs) inhibit bacterial protein biosynthesis. Here, the authors show that the honey-bee derived PrAMPs Api137 and Api88 inhibit bacterial ribosomes through multiple mechanisms, promising for drug development.

This is the first report on a virus infecting the amoeboflagellate Naegleria, including the lethal human pathogen N. fowleri. The new virus isolate, Catovirus naegleriensis (Naegleriavirus, NiV), shows hallmarks of giant viruses (Nucleocytoviricota) and unique adaptations to its protist host.

The authors study tunneling junctions in rhombohedral MoS₂ bilayers and correlate their performance with the local domain layout. They show that the switching behavior in sliding ferroelectrics is strongly dependent on the pre-existing domain structure.

In global drylands, soils tend to be more fertile beneath tree, shrub and grass islands. Soil fertility was greater beneath taller and wider plants but was unaffected by either grazing pressure or the type of herbivore.

In patient with glioblastoma, a major cause of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy is the high degree to intratumoral heterogeneity and cell plasticity. Here, the authors demonstrate that chemoradiation induces the reprograming of glioblastoma cells into an invasive and vessel co-opting state, termed VC-Resist, capable of promoting resistance to therapy.

Here the authors show that sepsis and its resolution alter cancer susceptibility by epigenetically altering resident macrophages resulting in retention of T cells that increase antitumoral immunity.

The response of CO₂ release from soils to warming is enhanced at thermokarst sites due to the lower soil substrate quality and higher microorganism abundance than non-thermokarst locations, according to in situ warming experiments at an upland thermokarst on the Tibetan Plateau.

By 2050 > 23% of the global population aged 69 + will live in climates with acute heat exposure– the 95th percentile of the distribution of maximum daily temperatures–greater than the critical threshold of 37.5C, compared with 14% in 2020, an increase of 177–246 million older adults exposed to dangerous acute heat.

By applying Hi-C to cells derived from the tumors of 24 GBM patients, the authors show pervasive structural variation in GBM chromosomal organization. How such patient-to-patient variation explains the characteristic gene expression patterns in each tumor is investigated.

Zn batteries suffer from low voltage due to the high redox potential of the Zn anode and the low potential of traditional cathodes. Here, the authors develop a polymer hetero-electrolyte, which allows separated Zn and Li reversibility and achieves a 2.4 V-Zn battery based on the LiNi_0.5Mn_1.5O₄ cathode.

The use of oncolytic viruses as a therapy for cancer is limited by mechanisms inhibiting viral replication in the tumor. Here, the authors show that a chemical derivative of itaconate, 4-octyl itaconate, increases oncolytic virus VSVΔ51 efficacy in various cancer models, through decreasing antiviral immunity.

Centennial-scale variations in methane carbon isotope ratios are attributed to changes in pyrogenic and biogenic sources that can be correlated with anthropogenic activities, such as varying levels of biomass burning during the period of the Roman empire and the Han dynasty, and changes in natural climate variability.

Multi-ancestry genome-wide analyses identify 95 loci associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and implicate candidate genes, pathways and neurobiological systems underlying its pathophysiology.

Rare disease DEDSSH1-associated DPH1 mutations impair eEF2 diphthamide modification that leads to eEF2 as a transcriptional coactivator for p53 to enhance expression of the cell proliferation inhibitor p21, resulting in birth defects.

Here, the authors fabricate a metasurface with nanometre-sized plasmonic hotspots that interact coherently with WS₂ excitons, achieving ultrastrong exciton-plasmon coupling.

Mimicking high-level abstraction of the brain to achieve energy advantages is a fundamental issue in neuromorphic computing. Here, the authors fabricate an asynchronous chip and demonstrate a high-accuracy neuromorphic system with power consumption of 0.7mW.

Researchers have demonstrated the generation and control of subfemtosecond pulse pairs from a two-colour X-ray free-electron laser and conducted pump–probe experiments in core-ionized molecules.