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[[Kategori:Uygulama katmanı protokolleri]]
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{{çeviri}}

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The '''Network News Transfer Protocol''' or '''NNTP''' is an [[Internet]] application [[Protocol (computing)|protocol]] used primarily for reading and posting [[Usenet]] articles (aka netnews), as well as transferring news among [[news server]]s. Brian Kantor of the [[University of California, San Diego]] and [[Phil Lapsley]] of the [[University of California, Berkeley]] completed RFC 977, the specification for the Network News Transfer Protocol, in March [[1986]]. Other contributors included [[Stan Barber]] from the [[Baylor College of Medicine]] and [[Erik Fair]] of [[Apple Computer]].

Usenet was originally designed around the [[UUCP]] network, with most article transfers taking place over direct computer-to-computer telephone links. Readers and posters would log into the same computers that hosted the servers, reading the articles directly from the local disk.

As [[local area network]]s and the [[Internet]] became more commonly used, it became desirable to allow [[News client|newsreader]]s to be run on personal computers, and a means of employing the Internet to handle article transfers was desired. A newsreader, also known as a news client, is an application software that reads articles on Usenet (generally known as newsgroup), either directly from the news server's disks or via the NNTP.

Because networked Internet-compatible filesystems were not yet widely available, it was decided to develop a new protocol that resembled [[SMTP]], but was tailored for reading [[newsgroup]]s.

The [[List of well-known ports (computing)|well-known TCP port]] 119 is reserved for NNTP. When clients connect to a news server with [[Transport Layer Security|SSL]], TCP port 563 is used. This is sometimes referred to as '''NNTPS'''.

In October [[2006]], the IETF released RFC 3977 which updates the NNTP protocol and codifies many of the additions made over the years since RFC 977. The [[IMAP]] protocol can also be used for reading newsgroups.

===Network News Reader Protocol===
During an abortive attempt to update the NNTP standard in the early 1990s, a specialized form of NNTP intended specifically for use by clients, NNRP, was proposed. This protocol was never completed or fully implemented, but the name persisted in [[InterNetNews|INN]]'s ''nnrpd'' program. As a result, the subset of standard NNTP commands useful to clients is sometimes still referred to as "NNRP".

==Support==

[[Microsoft]] [[Internet Explorer 2]] introduced support for functioning as a basic NNTP reader. <ref name="iehist"> http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/community/columns/historyofie.mspx </ref>

==External links==
* [[Firefox]] [[NNTP]] https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/361

*Kantor, Brian and Phil Lapsley. RFC 977 "Network News Transfer Protocol: A Proposed Standard for the Stream-Based Transmission of News." [[1986]].
*Horton, Mark, and R. Adams. RFC 1036 "Standard for Interchange of USENET Messages." [[1987]].
*[http://www.academ.com/academ/nntp/ietf/1996-July/000022.html NNTP Version 2 draft] an early, abandoned attempt to revise NNTP
*Barber, Stan, et al. RFC 2980 "Common NNTP Extensions." [[2000]]
*[http://www.eyrie.org/~eagle/nntp/ietf.html IETF nntpext Working Group]
*Feather, Clive. RFC 3977 "Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP)." [[2006]]
*{{dmoz|Computers/Software/Internet/Servers/Usenet|Usenet servers}}
*{{dmoz|Computers/Usenet/Public_News_Servers|Public News Servers}}


[[Category:Internet protocols]]
[[Category:Internet protocols]]

Sayfanın 22.07, 20 Haziran 2008 tarihindeki hâli

İnternet iletişim kuralları dizisi

OSI modeli

Katman İletişim kuralları
7. Uygulama katmanı HTTP, DNS, SMTP, FTP, TFTP, UUCP, NNTP, SSL, SSH, IRC, SNMP, SIP, RTP, Telnet, ...
6. Sunum katmanı ISO 8822, ISO 8823, ISO 8824, ITU-T T.73, ITU-T X.409, ...
5. Oturum katmanı NFS, SMB, ISO 8326, ISO 8327, ITU-T T.6299, ...
4. Ulaşım katmanı TCP, UDP, SCTP, DCCP, ...
3. Ağ katmanı IP, IPv4, IPv6, ICMP, ARP, İnternet Grup Yönetim Protokolü, IPX,...
2. Veri bağlantısı katmanı Ethernet, HDLC, Wi-Fi, Token ring, FDDI, PPP, L2TP...
1. Donanım katmanı ISDN, RS-232, EIA-422, RS-449, EIA-485, ...

NNTP, Network News Transfer Protocolün kısaltmasıdır. Genellikle Usenet erişimi, ve Usenet trafiği taşıyan sunucular tarafından kendi aralarında kullanılır.


internet erişiminin atası sayılabilinecek iletişim protokol formatıdır. daha html standartlarının beta olmaktan öteye geçemediği zamanlarda görsel grafik arabirimden çok uzak bir şekilde daha çok text içerikli genel bilgi içeriği taşıma amacıyla oluşturulmuştur. daha sonra binary özelliği kazandırılarak geliştirilmesi bir noktada sonlandırılmış olsada düşük miktarda veri iletişimi açısından zamanla unutulacağı öngörülerini haksız çıkararak bir noktada kalıcılığını ispat etmiş bir iletişim protokolu olarak kendini ispatlamıştır.


Dış bağlantılar

firefox için nntp eklentisi : https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/361

yerli news sunucu adresleri :

newsturkiye.net ve news:newsturkiye.net