Olivier Oullier

The World Bank estimates global population sizes of approximately 8.5 billion by 2030 and 9.2 billion by 2040. As recently as 2014, the United States and United Kingdom spent approximately 17.1% and 9.1% of Gross Domestic Product on healthcare related expenditures respectively. This is expected to grow in line with the increasing population at rates that will prove to be unsustainable in the medium to long term. Despite these predictions, the approach to healthcare delivery in most markets… Voir plus

The World Bank estimates global population sizes of approximately 8.5 billion by 2030 and 9.2 billion by 2040. As recently as 2014, the United States and United Kingdom spent approximately 17.1% and 9.1% of Gross Domestic Product on healthcare related expenditures respectively. This is expected to grow in line with the increasing population at rates that will prove to be unsustainable in the medium to long term. Despite these predictions, the approach to healthcare delivery in most markets remains focused on volume and process guidelines rather than true value for patients. Value in this case is defined as the outcomes that matter to patients relative to the cost of delivering those outcomes (i.e. outcomes per dollar spent).

A fundamental recalibration of focus – from volume to value – is needed to ensure a system where the outcomes that matter to patients are prioritized. A value based approach starts by measuring outcomes that matter to a particular population segment and then using those measurements to tailor interventions for that population segment across the care pathway. Four game-changing enablers need to be in place to accelerate the shift towards a patient-centric value-driven approach:

· Informatics: Our ability to leverage the capabilities of advancing technologies to collect, analyze and reuse data to measure and compare value

· Benchmarking Research & Tools: Creating transparency for evidence-based comparisons that spur relevant innovation while also creating algorithms to assist clinician and physician decision making

· Payments: Compensation and reimbursement mechanisms that support value improvement rather than increased volume of care

· Delivery Organisations: Adapting the way providers, pharma, and medtech partner to collaborate across the care chain in pursuit of better patient outcomes
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Taking into account how people value the healthiness and tastiness of food at both the behavioral and brain levels helps to better understand and address overweight and obesity-related issues. In this experimental study using functional neuroimaging, we investigate whether activity in brain networks involved in self-control may increase significantly when individuals with a high body-mass index (BMI) focus their attention on the taste rather than on the health benefits when making food choices.… Voir plus

Taking into account how people value the healthiness and tastiness of food at both the behavioral and brain levels helps to better understand and address overweight and obesity-related issues. In this experimental study using functional neuroimaging, we investigate whether activity in brain networks involved in self-control may increase significantly when individuals with a high body-mass index (BMI) focus their attention on the taste rather than on the health benefits when making food choices. BMI is positively correlated with both the neural responses to healthy food choices in brain areas associated with gustation (insula), reward value (orbitofrontal cortex), and self-control (inferior frontal gyrus), and with the percent of healthy food choices. By contrast, when attention is directed towards health benefits, BMI is negatively correlated with neural activity in gustatory and reward-related brain areas (insula, inferior frontal operculum). Taken together, these findings suggest that those individuals with a high BMI do not necessarily have reduced capacities for self-control but that they may be facilitated by external cues that direct their attention toward the tastiness of healthy food. Thus, promoting the taste of healthy food in communication campaigns and/or food packaging may lead to more successful self-control and healthy food behaviors for consumers with a higher BMI, an issue which needs to be further researched. Voir moins

Food imitating products are chemical consumer items used frequently in the household for cleaning and personal hygiene (e.g., bleach, soap, and shampoo), which resemble food products. Their containers replicate elements of food package design such as possessing a shape close in style to drinking product containers or bearing labels that depict colorful fruits. In marketing, these incongruent forms are designed to increase the appeal of functional products, leading to chemical consumer product… Voir plus

Food imitating products are chemical consumer items used frequently in the household for cleaning and personal hygiene (e.g., bleach, soap, and shampoo), which resemble food products. Their containers replicate elements of food package design such as possessing a shape close in style to drinking product containers or bearing labels that depict colorful fruits. In marketing, these incongruent forms are designed to increase the appeal of functional products, leading to chemical consumer product embellishment. However, due to the resulting visual ambiguity, food imitating products may expose consumers to the risk of being poisoned from ingestion. Thus, from a public health perspective, food imitating products are considered dangerous chemical products that should not be sold, and may merit being recalled for the safety of consumers. To help policymakers address the hazardous presence of food imitating products, the purpose of this article is to identify the specific design features that generate most ambiguity for the consumer, and therefore increase the likelihood of confusion with foodstuffs. Voir moins

People constantly publish/share their pictures/videos of delicious food dishes on social media. This excessive display of food pictures on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, Pinterest, and other social media is often referred to as “food porn”. Seeing food presented in an appetizing and/or “ready to be eaten” manner allows the brains of the viewer to vividly imagine the consumption experience related to eating what they see. Looking at pictures of food is known to trigger gustatory… Voir plus

People constantly publish/share their pictures/videos of delicious food dishes on social media. This excessive display of food pictures on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, Pinterest, and other social media is often referred to as “food porn”. Seeing food presented in an appetizing and/or “ready to be eaten” manner allows the brains of the viewer to vividly imagine the consumption experience related to eating what they see. Looking at pictures of food is known to trigger gustatory sensations in the brain, and to often triggering the desire to consume. As the food industry is using social media to promote their products, public health prevention and organizations in charge of promoting healthy lifestyles would be behooved to coincide their practices with this digital (r)evolution. This article discusses how multisensory mental simulation - i.e. the imagination of all the sensations associated with food consumption - via social media, can be used to produce satiety. In addition, making the consumption of healthy foods more appetizing and enjoyable to better regulate food intake. Voir moins

Consumers try to avoid temptation when exposed to appetizing foods by diverting their attention away from their senses (e.g., sight, smell, mouthfeel) and bodily states (e.g., state of arousal, salivation) in order to focus on their longer term goals (e.g., eating healthily, achieving an ideal body weight). However, when not including sensations in their decision-making processes, consumers risk depleting their self-regulatory resources, potentially leading to unhealthy food choices… Voir plus

Consumers try to avoid temptation when exposed to appetizing foods by diverting their attention away from their senses (e.g., sight, smell, mouthfeel) and bodily states (e.g., state of arousal, salivation) in order to focus on their longer term goals (e.g., eating healthily, achieving an ideal body weight). However, when not including sensations in their decision-making processes, consumers risk depleting their self-regulatory resources, potentially leading to unhealthy food choices. Conversely, based on the concept of “embodied self-regulation,” the suggestion is made that considering bodily states may help consumers regulate their food choices more effectively. A new model is proposed that facilitates understanding observed consumer behavior and the success or failure of self-control in food intake. It is argued that bodily states and sensory information should be considered when modeling consumer behavior and developing health-related advocacy and communication campaigns. The model proposed here leads to new perspectives on consumer consumption behavior and health policy research and strategies. Voir moins

The Science of Engagement has taught us so much and yet it can teach us so much more. One project I’ve been working on in particular, around sustainable consumption and tomorrow’s consumer, has opened my eyes to its true potential.

“To capitalize on the great opportunities the future provides, and to respond to the economic and social challenges we face today … requires the collaborative efforts of governments, businesses and other actors in society to be truly successful.” So said Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, earlier this year.

He was right. The challenge that lies before us is fundamentally one of collaboration. Yet it is also one of activation, of empowering the next… Voir plus

“To capitalize on the great opportunities the future provides, and to respond to the economic and social challenges we face today … requires the collaborative efforts of governments, businesses and other actors in society to be truly successful.” So said Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, earlier this year.

He was right. The challenge that lies before us is fundamentally one of collaboration. Yet it is also one of activation, of empowering the next generation to engage with the issues that affect their future. For this generation, the very concept of sustainability needs a makeover; it needs to be broken down into actionable outputs such as saving energy or reducing pollutants.

According to ground-breaking research conducted by the Forum, these future problem-solvers may not be committed to consuming less, but they want a light shone – by brands and by their peers – on how they can consume in a smarter way, create less waste and use more natural materials. That’s where Collectively.org comes in

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Every 40 seconds, somewhere in the world, someone commits suicide. The same WHO report that revealed this shocking statistic found that in most regions, suicide rates are highest among people over the age of 70. But young people are also affected. In fact, globally, suicide is the second leading cause of death in people aged between 15 and 29.

The factors that contribute to these figures are of course complex. But, at least for youth suicide, cyberbullying – the use of electronic… Voir plus

Every 40 seconds, somewhere in the world, someone commits suicide. The same WHO report that revealed this shocking statistic found that in most regions, suicide rates are highest among people over the age of 70. But young people are also affected. In fact, globally, suicide is the second leading cause of death in people aged between 15 and 29.

The factors that contribute to these figures are of course complex. But, at least for youth suicide, cyberbullying – the use of electronic communication such as email, social media or text messages to bully a person – plays a role. Voir moins

For the second time in five months, the French President had to reshuffle his cabinet after his Economy Minister, Mr. Arnaud Montebourg, publicly and repeatedly criticized the government’s economic policy.

Beyond the irony of having the (now former) Economy Minister of France attacking the economic strategy of a government he belonged to when he spoke, his critics constituted the peak of a wave of dissatisfaction that has not only spread across the public opinion but even among a… Voir plus

For the second time in five months, the French President had to reshuffle his cabinet after his Economy Minister, Mr. Arnaud Montebourg, publicly and repeatedly criticized the government’s economic policy.

Beyond the irony of having the (now former) Economy Minister of France attacking the economic strategy of a government he belonged to when he spoke, his critics constituted the peak of a wave of dissatisfaction that has not only spread across the public opinion but even among a significant number of parliament members belonging to the President’s own political party.

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In our Science of Engagement research in 2012, we canvased the opinions of three leading academics to identify the fundamental drivers of engagement. We have since worked closely with behavioural insights practice Canvas 8 and our sister research agency KRC to develop a quantitative methodology that has helped us measure how brands, issues, employers and even cities engage their audiences against each of the 19 Elements and 10 Principles of engagement we identified in the original award-winning… Voir plus

In our Science of Engagement research in 2012, we canvased the opinions of three leading academics to identify the fundamental drivers of engagement. We have since worked closely with behavioural insights practice Canvas 8 and our sister research agency KRC to develop a quantitative methodology that has helped us measure how brands, issues, employers and even cities engage their audiences against each of the 19 Elements and 10 Principles of engagement we identified in the original award-winning research. We’ve since drilled down further into The Science of Engagement and used it as the basis of a number of other projects, models and research for the benefit of our clients. The Science of Ingagement report, for instance, published in 2014 captured our insights into the dynamics of how employers in the UK engage employees. Voir moins

Policy-making by governments affects the behaviour of large numbers of people, sometimes millions. So why is such a key task often left to economists and lawyers, who may have little in-depth understanding of how people really behave? And why are the behavioural psychologists and neuroscientists who have valuable expertise usually consulted last, if at all?
Governments should embrace the scientific approach and use controlled trials to test the impact of policies on people’s behaviour

Recently, during the Young Global Leader boot camp on public leadership, we were asked to leave the White House earlier because Led Zeppelin was on their way to receive an award from President Obama. It made me wonder why rock stars always get invited to places and summits where world leaders make key decisions on our future? A lot of people would rather have heads of state, NGOs or Fortune 100 companies focusing on other things instead of giving rock stars premium treatment. Although I don’t… Voir plus

Recently, during the Young Global Leader boot camp on public leadership, we were asked to leave the White House earlier because Led Zeppelin was on their way to receive an award from President Obama. It made me wonder why rock stars always get invited to places and summits where world leaders make key decisions on our future? A lot of people would rather have heads of state, NGOs or Fortune 100 companies focusing on other things instead of giving rock stars premium treatment. Although I don’t expect anyone who lands such powerful positions to give up of his/her musical tastes, there is a lot more than a fan behaviour here

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The spreading use of neuroscience outside research and medical labs raises ethical and practical questions. Commercial services, such as marketing and lie detection, are already starting to make use of brain-imaging techniques. These services are over-interpreting the science. Although neuroimaging could help us to understand how people make decisions, it should not be sold as something that can predict or judge human behaviour. A brain on its own tells us nothing.

The Science of Engagement: An exploration into the true nature of engagement
- what it means and what causes it. Grounded in science, not fiction.

Many obstacles stand in the way of adopting ecological behaviour, whether material, financial or psychological in nature. These restrictions limit the effectiveness of conventional approaches, which combine awareness campaigns, technological innovations as well as economic and normative instruments. Accordingly, consideration should be given to introducing new methods liable to bring about a lasting change in consumer habits. Amongst these methods, the use of strategies developed in behavioural… Voir plus

Many obstacles stand in the way of adopting ecological behaviour, whether material, financial or psychological in nature. These restrictions limit the effectiveness of conventional approaches, which combine awareness campaigns, technological innovations as well as economic and normative instruments. Accordingly, consideration should be given to introducing new methods liable to bring about a lasting change in consumer habits. Amongst these methods, the use of strategies developed in behavioural sciences -and referred to as ‘nudges’- are gaining momentum. The aim of these strategies is to lead individuals to make choices in the collective interest, without being prescriptive or guilt-inducing at the behavioural level. Applied to sustainable development, this new type of incentive, referred to in this context as ‘green nudges’, uses several behavioural biases such as compliance to social norms or inertia to change in order to encourage citizens to adopt lifestyles showing a greater respect for the environment. Several field experiments testing the effects of green nudges in situ have been conducted in North America for a variety of ecological purposes including energy saving and preventing pollution. These studies reveal encouraging results regarding the operational, effective, adjustable and unrestrictive nature of nudges. These behavioural incentives must however still be refined in order to overcome the various limits observed (unintended side-effects, difficulty in transferring them on a large scale, durability of effects, etc.). Although they are not miracle cures for ecological issues, green nudges remain valuable motivational procedures when used alongside existing instruments. Voir moins

Op-Ed

By equating market development and some individual decisions, economists inform world leaders on the trends to come and the decisions to be taken. They are therefore at the heart of policy-making, both public and private, which they have controlled for
several decades. However, standard economic theorists (or neo-classical theory) and their rationality models have thrown up some “anomalies”: individual behaviours that these models
are unable to predict. In order to understand them better,… Voir plus

By equating market development and some individual decisions, economists inform world leaders on the trends to come and the decisions to be taken. They are therefore at the heart of policy-making, both public and private, which they have controlled for
several decades. However, standard economic theorists (or neo-classical theory) and their rationality models have thrown up some “anomalies”: individual behaviours that these models
are unable to predict. In order to understand them better, new alternative disciplines emerged. It is to one of these, behavioural economics, which combines social psychology and economics, that this chapter is devoted. Voir moins

First book/governmental report ever to address the potential benefits of using behavioural and brain sciences in designing public health strategies.

To date, experiments in economics are restricted to situations in which individuals are not influenced by the physical presence of other people. In such contexts, interactions remain at an abstract level, agents guessing what another person is thinking or is about to decide based on money exchange. Physical presence and bodily signals are therefore left out of the picture. However, in real life, social interactions (involving economic decisions or not) are not solely determined by a person's… Voir plus

To date, experiments in economics are restricted to situations in which individuals are not influenced by the physical presence of other people. In such contexts, interactions remain at an abstract level, agents guessing what another person is thinking or is about to decide based on money exchange. Physical presence and bodily signals are therefore left out of the picture. However, in real life, social interactions (involving economic decisions or not) are not solely determined by a person's inference about someone else's state-of-mind. In this essay, we argue for embodied economics: an approach to neuroeconomics that takes into account how information provided by the entire body and its coordination dynamics influences the way we make economic decisions. Considering the role of embodiment in economics—movements, posture, sensitivity to mimicry and every kind of information the body conveys—makes sense. This is what we claim in this essay which, to some extent, constitutes a plea to consider bodily interactions between agents in social (neuro)economics. Voir moins

The very first introduction to the concept of "emorationality"