Zibqin: Difference between revisions
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'''Zibqine''' is a town in South [[Lebanon]], {{convert|103|km|mi|0}} from the capital, [[Beirut]], 4 km from the border with Israel and {{convert|450|m|ft|1}} above sea level. |
'''Zibqine''' is a town in South [[Lebanon]], {{convert|103|km|mi|0}} from the capital, [[Beirut]], 4 km from the border with [[Israel]] and {{convert|450|m|ft|1}} above sea level. |
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It was heavily damaged in the [[2006 Lebanon-Israel war]] and underwent a heavy process of rebuilding. |
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==Name== |
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According to [[Edward Henry Palmer|E. H. Palmer]], the name probably comes from the Arabic word for "to bind", or "confine".<ref>Palmer, 1881, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/46/mode/1up 46][https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/60/mode/1up 60]</ref> |
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==History== |
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In 1596, it was named as a village, ''Zibqin,'' in the [[Ottoman empire|Ottoman]] ''[[nahiya]]'' (subdistrict) of [[Tibnin]] under the ''[[Liwa (Arabic)|liwa']]'' (district) of [[Safad]], with a population of 12 households and 12 bachelor, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, such as [[wheat]], [[barley]], olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to "occasional revenues" and winter pastures; a total of 3,172 [[akçe]].<ref name="Hutteroth">Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 182</ref><ref>Note that Rhode, 1979, p. [https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century 6] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161010135324/http://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |date=2016-10-10 }} writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9</ref> |
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In 1875, [[Victor Guérin]] found the village to contain eighty [[Metawileh]].<ref>Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr00gugoog#page/n451/mode/1up 411], as given by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/152/mode/1up 152]</ref> He further "observed a great pool, constructed with regularly cut stones, and several broken [[column]]s. On the chapter of one he saw a mosaic representing a cross ''fleuronnée'', which proves that it came from a [[Church (building)|church]]."<ref>Guérin, 1880, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr00gugoog#page/n451/mode/1up 411], as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/193/mode/1up 193]</ref> |
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In 1881, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s [[PEF Survey of Palestine|''Survey of Western Palestine'' (SWP)]] described it: "Small ruined village on a hill, surrounded by brushwood; contains about thirty Moslems [..], and has olives and arable land to the south. The water is supplied by [[cistern]]s."<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp01conduoft#page/152/mode/1up 152]</ref> |
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During the [[2006 Lebanon-Israel war]], on 13 July, 12 civilians were killed by [[Israel]]i missiles, fired on the house of the late [[Mukhtar]]. All the victims belonged to the Bzeih family, and they included 6 women and 5 children, aged between 11 and 78 years of age. There was no [[Hezbollah]] activity in the vicinity at the time of the attack. The [[Israel Defense Forces|IDF]] gave no explanations as to why the house had been attacked.<ref>HRW, 2007, pp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8P9-VqpNRv4C&pg=PA87 87]- 88</ref> |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist|25em}} |
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==Bibliography== |
==Bibliography== |
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{{refbegin}} |
{{refbegin}} |
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*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1= |
*{{cite book|last1=Conder|first1=C.R.|authorlink1=Claude Reignier Conder|last2=Kitchener|first2=H.H.|authorlink2=Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp01conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology|location=London|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]|volume=1}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first= |
*{{cite book|last=Guérin|first=V.|author-link=Victor Guérin|title=Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine|url=https://archive.org/details/descriptiongogr00gugoog|volume=3: Galilee, pt. 2|year=1880|publisher=L'Imprimerie Nationale|location=Paris|language=French}} |
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*{{cite book|author= |
*{{cite book|author= HRW|author-link= Human Rights Watch|title= Why They Died: Civilian Casualties in Lebanon During the 2006 War|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=8P9-VqpNRv4C|year= 2007|publisher= Human Rights Watch}} |
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*{{cite book | |
*{{cite book |last1=Hütteroth |first1=Wolf-Dieter |first2=Kamal |last2=Abdulfattah |title=Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ |year=1977 |publisher=Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft |isbn=3-920405-41-2 }} |
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*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E. |
*{{cite book|last=Palmer|first=E.H.|author-link=Edward Henry Palmer|year=1881|url=https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft|title=The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer|publisher=[[Palestine Exploration Fund|Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund]]}} |
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*{{cite book|last=Rhode |first= |
*{{cite book |last=Rhode |first=H. |author-link=Harold Rhode |date=1979 |url=https://www.academia.edu/2026845 |title=Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century |publisher=[[Columbia University]] |access-date=2017-12-04 |archive-date=2020-03-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301141739/https://www.academia.edu/2026845/The_Administration_and_Population_of_the_Sancak_of_Safed_in_the_Sixteenth_Century |url-status=dead }} |
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{{refend}} |
{{refend}} |
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*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 3: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8366 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.03.jpg Wikimedia commons] |
*Survey of Western Palestine, Map 3: [http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8366 IAA], [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.03.jpg Wikimedia commons] |
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*[http://www.localiban.org/article4644.html Zebqine], Localiban |
*[http://www.localiban.org/article4644.html Zebqine], Localiban |
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*http://zebqine.com |
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{{Tyre District}} |
{{Tyre District}} |
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{{ |
{{Coord|33|10|N|35|16|E|display=title|region:LB_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki}} |
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[[Category:Tyre District]] |
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[[Category:Populated places in the Israeli security zone 1985–2000]] |
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{{Lebanon-geo-stub}} |
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[[Category:Shia Muslim communities in Lebanon]] |
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Latest revision as of 11:42, 28 February 2023
Zibqine | |
|---|---|
Village | |
| زبقين | |
 Israeli troops in Zibqin, in 1982 | |
  Zibqine | |
| Coordinates: 33°10′N 35°16′E / 33.167°N 35.267°E | |
| Grid position | 175/285 PAL |
| Country |  Lebanon |
| Governorate | South Governorate |
| District | Tyre |
| Area | |
| • Total | 5.63 sq mi (14.57 km2) |
| • Land | 5.63 sq mi (14.57 km2) |
| • Water | 0 sq mi (0 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,280 ft (390 m) |
| Population (2015) | |
| • Total | 3,000 |
| Time zone | GMT +3 |
Zibqine is a town in South Lebanon, 103 kilometres (64 mi) from the capital, Beirut, 4 km from the border with Israel and 450 metres (1,476.4 ft) above sea level.
It was heavily damaged in the 2006 Lebanon-Israel war and underwent a heavy process of rebuilding.
Name[edit]
According to E. H. Palmer, the name probably comes from the Arabic word for "to bind", or "confine".[1]
History[edit]
In 1596, it was named as a village, Zibqin, in the Ottoman nahiya (subdistrict) of Tibnin under the liwa' (district) of Safad, with a population of 12 households and 12 bachelor, all Muslim. The villagers paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, such as wheat, barley, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to "occasional revenues" and winter pastures; a total of 3,172 akçe.[2][3]
In 1875, Victor Guérin found the village to contain eighty Metawileh.[4] He further "observed a great pool, constructed with regularly cut stones, and several broken columns. On the chapter of one he saw a mosaic representing a cross fleuronnée, which proves that it came from a church."[5]
In 1881, the PEF's Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) described it: "Small ruined village on a hill, surrounded by brushwood; contains about thirty Moslems [..], and has olives and arable land to the south. The water is supplied by cisterns."[6]
During the 2006 Lebanon-Israel war, on 13 July, 12 civilians were killed by Israeli missiles, fired on the house of the late Mukhtar. All the victims belonged to the Bzeih family, and they included 6 women and 5 children, aged between 11 and 78 years of age. There was no Hezbollah activity in the vicinity at the time of the attack. The IDF gave no explanations as to why the house had been attacked.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ Palmer, 1881, pp. 4660
- ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 182
- ^ Note that Rhode, 1979, p. 6 Archived 2016-10-10 at the Wayback Machine writes that the register that Hütteroth and Abdulfattah studied was not from 1595/6, but from 1548/9
- ^ Guérin, 1880, p. 411, as given by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 152
- ^ Guérin, 1880, p. 411, as translated by Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 193
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 152
- ^ HRW, 2007, pp. 87- 88
Bibliography[edit]
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 3: Galilee, pt. 2. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- HRW (2007). Why They Died: Civilian Casualties in Lebanon During the 2006 War. Human Rights Watch.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Rhode, H. (1979). Administration and Population of the Sancak of Safed in the Sixteenth Century. Columbia University. Archived from the original on 2020-03-01. Retrieved 2017-12-04.
External links[edit]
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 3: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Zebqine, Localiban
- http://zebqine.com
Capital: Tyre | ||
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| Palestinian refugee camps | ||
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