Soviet Union boycott of the United Nations: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|1950 diplomatic act}} |
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The |
The [[Soviet Union]] boycotted the [[United Nations]] from 13 January until 1 August 1950. The boycott originated over a dispute over the representation of [[China and the United Nations|China before the United Nations]]. The Soviet Union demanded the representatives of the [[People's Republic of China]] (PRC) be seated in the [[United Nations Security Council]] while the [[United Nations]] recognized representatives of the [[Kuomintang]] and the [[Republic of China]]. After the Soviet Union lost a motion to seat the PRC in the UN on 13 January 1950, it decided to boycott the organization. |
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== Background == |
== Background == |
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[[China]] was a founding member of the United Nations |
[[China]] was a founding member of the United Nations at the [[San Francisco Conference]] in 1945.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Chai |first=Winberg |date=1970 |title=China and the United Nations: Problems of Representation and Alternatives |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/2642389 |journal=Asian Survey |volume=10 |issue=5 |pages=397–398 |doi=10.2307/2642389 |jstor=2642389 |issn=0004-4687}}</ref> At the conference in April 1945, [[T. V. Soong|T.V. Soong]], [[Wei Tao-ming]], [[Wellington Koo|V. K.Wellington Koo]] and [[Wang Chonghui]] from the Kuomintang and [[Dong Biwu]] of the PRC were present.<ref name=":0" /> The entire Chinese delegation was present at the closing conference in June, and the [[Charter of the United Nations]] was signed by the Chinese President [[Chiang Kai-shek]] in August 1945.<ref name=":0" /> After the PRC had established a [[Government of China|government of the People's Republic of China]], the PRC demanded on 18 November 1949, that the United Nations recognize them as the government of China and the representatives of the Kuomintang be expelled from the United Nations.<ref name=":1">Chai, Winberg (1970).p.398</ref> The same month the Soviet Union seconded the request of the PRC, arguing that the Kuomintang controlled only a fraction of China and refusing to take part in the [[United Nations General Assembly First Committee|first committee]] of the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly of the United Nations]].<ref name=":1" /> However, the request of the PRC was not considered but a resolution from Australia, which demanded that the Chinese people choose their political institutions freely and without foreign influence, was approved.<ref name=":1" /> |
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== Boycott == |
== Boycott == |
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On |
On 8 January 1950, the Premier Minister of the PRC [[Zhou Enlai]] transmitted a letter to the United Nations Security Council in which he requested that the Security Council should not legally recognize the Kuomintang.<ref name=":2">Chai, Winberg (1970).p.399</ref> On 10 January, the Soviet Union then formally introduced a motion to exclude the representatives of the Kuomintang from the Security Council.<ref name=":2" /> |
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After on |
After on 13 January the Soviet Union's motion to seat the PRC instead of the [[Chinese Nationalists]] (Taiwan) did not achieve a majority<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Torelli |first=Angela |date=2012 |title=The Costs of Realism: The Nixon Administration, the People's Republic of China, and the United Nations |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/23613339 |journal=The Journal of American-East Asian Relations |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=157–182 |doi=10.1163/18765610-01902001 |jstor=23613339 |issn=1058-3947}}</ref> the Soviet ambassador, [[Yakov Malik]], walked out of the meeting and claimed not to return as long as [[Tsiang Tingfu]], the representative of the Kuomintang, was a member of the Security Council and not replaced by a representative of the PRC.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |date=1950-07-29 |title=Russia ends her U.N.O boycott |work=[[The West Australian]] |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47877490 |access-date=2023-06-24}}</ref> The Soviet Union threatened not to acknowledge any decision taken by the Security Council as long as the Chinese Nationalists were a part of it.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Soviets Boycott United Nations Security Council (1950) - January 13th |url=https://sites.google.com/a/isd477.org/jan13krpms7w/third |access-date=2023-06-24 |website=sites.google.com}}</ref> Later, the Soviet Union also boycotted other UN bodies in which representatives of the Kuomintang were seated.<ref>{{Cite news |date=1950-04-19 |title=Soviet Russia's boycott of the United Nations |work=[[Sydney Morning Herald]] |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article18156943 |access-date=2023-06-24}}</ref> During the Soviet boycott, the Security Council adopted a [[United Nations Security Council Resolution 82|resolution which allowed for the deployment of UN troops to the Korean war]] in defense of South Korea against the attacking communist North Korean forces.<ref name=":4">{{Citation |last=Pak |first=Chi Young |title=The Korean War and the United Nations |date=2000-01-01 |url=https://brill.com/display/book/9789004478671/B9789004478671_s011.xml |work=Korea and the United Nations |pages=77–78 |access-date=2023-06-24 |publisher=Brill Nijhoff |language=en |isbn=978-90-04-47867-1}}</ref> |
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== Aftermath == |
== Aftermath == |
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The Soviets questioned the legality of the resolution as in their view it was approved by only six votes in absence of the Soviet Union and also China, since the Soviets refused to recognize the vote of the Kuomintang in the Security Council.<ref name=":4" /> The Soviets argued that all five permanent members of the Security Council were to be present on any decision of an important matter.<ref name=":4" /> However, the [[International Court of Justice]] ruled that an absence of a member of the Security Council during a voting session was regarded as an abstention and therefore the resolution was legal. In late July, the Soviets informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations, [[Trygve Lie]], that on 1 August, Soviet Permanent Representative Yakov Malik would assume the [[Presidency of the United Nations Security Council|presidency of the Security Council]].<ref name=":3" /> |
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== See also == |
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* [[Accession of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations]] |
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* [[Soviet Union and the United Nations]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
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<references /> |
<references /> |
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[[Category:Boycotts]] |
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[[Category:Soviet Union and the United Nations|Boycott]] |
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[[Category:China and the United Nations]] |
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[[Category:History of the United Nations]] |
[[Category:History of the United Nations]] |
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[[Category:1950 in the Soviet Union]] |
[[Category:1950 in the Soviet Union|Boycott of the United Nations]] |
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[[Category:1950 in China]] |
[[Category:1950 in China]] |
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[[Category:1950 in Taiwan]] |
[[Category:1950 in Taiwan]] |
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Latest revision as of 01:44, 2 June 2024
The Soviet Union boycotted the United Nations from 13 January until 1 August 1950. The boycott originated over a dispute over the representation of China before the United Nations. The Soviet Union demanded the representatives of the People's Republic of China (PRC) be seated in the United Nations Security Council while the United Nations recognized representatives of the Kuomintang and the Republic of China. After the Soviet Union lost a motion to seat the PRC in the UN on 13 January 1950, it decided to boycott the organization.
Background[edit]
China was a founding member of the United Nations at the San Francisco Conference in 1945.[1] At the conference in April 1945, T.V. Soong, Wei Tao-ming, V. K.Wellington Koo and Wang Chonghui from the Kuomintang and Dong Biwu of the PRC were present.[1] The entire Chinese delegation was present at the closing conference in June, and the Charter of the United Nations was signed by the Chinese President Chiang Kai-shek in August 1945.[1] After the PRC had established a government of the People's Republic of China, the PRC demanded on 18 November 1949, that the United Nations recognize them as the government of China and the representatives of the Kuomintang be expelled from the United Nations.[2] The same month the Soviet Union seconded the request of the PRC, arguing that the Kuomintang controlled only a fraction of China and refusing to take part in the first committee of the General Assembly of the United Nations.[2] However, the request of the PRC was not considered but a resolution from Australia, which demanded that the Chinese people choose their political institutions freely and without foreign influence, was approved.[2]
Boycott[edit]
On 8 January 1950, the Premier Minister of the PRC Zhou Enlai transmitted a letter to the United Nations Security Council in which he requested that the Security Council should not legally recognize the Kuomintang.[3] On 10 January, the Soviet Union then formally introduced a motion to exclude the representatives of the Kuomintang from the Security Council.[3]
After on 13 January the Soviet Union's motion to seat the PRC instead of the Chinese Nationalists (Taiwan) did not achieve a majority[4] the Soviet ambassador, Yakov Malik, walked out of the meeting and claimed not to return as long as Tsiang Tingfu, the representative of the Kuomintang, was a member of the Security Council and not replaced by a representative of the PRC.[5] The Soviet Union threatened not to acknowledge any decision taken by the Security Council as long as the Chinese Nationalists were a part of it.[6] Later, the Soviet Union also boycotted other UN bodies in which representatives of the Kuomintang were seated.[7] During the Soviet boycott, the Security Council adopted a resolution which allowed for the deployment of UN troops to the Korean war in defense of South Korea against the attacking communist North Korean forces.[8]
Aftermath[edit]
The Soviets questioned the legality of the resolution as in their view it was approved by only six votes in absence of the Soviet Union and also China, since the Soviets refused to recognize the vote of the Kuomintang in the Security Council.[8] The Soviets argued that all five permanent members of the Security Council were to be present on any decision of an important matter.[8] However, the International Court of Justice ruled that an absence of a member of the Security Council during a voting session was regarded as an abstention and therefore the resolution was legal. In late July, the Soviets informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Trygve Lie, that on 1 August, Soviet Permanent Representative Yakov Malik would assume the presidency of the Security Council.[5]
See also[edit]
- Accession of the People's Republic of China to the United Nations
- Soviet Union and the United Nations
References[edit]
- ^ a b c Chai, Winberg (1970). "China and the United Nations: Problems of Representation and Alternatives". Asian Survey. 10 (5): 397–398. doi:10.2307/2642389. ISSN 0004-4687. JSTOR 2642389.
- ^ a b c Chai, Winberg (1970).p.398
- ^ a b Chai, Winberg (1970).p.399
- ^ Torelli, Angela (2012). "The Costs of Realism: The Nixon Administration, the People's Republic of China, and the United Nations". The Journal of American-East Asian Relations. 19 (2): 157–182. doi:10.1163/18765610-01902001. ISSN 1058-3947. JSTOR 23613339.
- ^ a b "Russia ends her U.N.O boycott". The West Australian. 1950-07-29. Retrieved 2023-06-24.
- ^ "Soviets Boycott United Nations Security Council (1950) - January 13th". sites.google.com. Retrieved 2023-06-24.
- ^ "Soviet Russia's boycott of the United Nations". Sydney Morning Herald. 1950-04-19. Retrieved 2023-06-24.
- ^ a b c Pak, Chi Young (2000-01-01), "The Korean War and the United Nations", Korea and the United Nations, Brill Nijhoff, pp. 77–78, ISBN 978-90-04-47867-1, retrieved 2023-06-24