Polish Braille
| Polish Braille | |
|---|---|
| Script type | alphabet
|
Print basis | Polish alphabet |
| Languages | Polish |
| Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Braille
|
Polish Braille (alfabet Braille'a) is a braille alphabet for writing the Polish language. It is based on international braille conventions, with the following extensions:[1]
| Base letter |
 a |
 c |
 e |
 l |
 n |
 s |
 u |
 y |
 z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Derived letter |
 ą |
 ć |
 ę |
 ł |
 ń |
 ś |
 ó |
 ż |
 ź |
That is, for letters of the first and second decade of the braille script (a, c, e, l, n, s), a diacritic is written as dot 6, and any dot 3 is removed (or, equivalently, is moved to position 6)—that is, the base letter is moved to the fourth decade. For letters of the third decade (u, y, z), which already have a dot 6, the derivation is a mirror image. Ó is derived from u, which is how it is pronounced (also, the mirror image of o is already taken). Several of these conventions are used in Lithuanian Braille.
History
Some form of a Braille alphabet had been adapted to the Polish language by 1957.[2]
Alphabet
The full alphabet is this:
| a |
ą |
 b |
c |
ć |
 d |
e |
ę |
 f |
 g |
 h |
 i |
 j |
 k |
l |
ł |
 m |
n |
ń |
 o |
ó |
 p |
 r |
s |
| ś |
 t |
u |
 w |
y |
z |
ż |
ź |
Print digraphs in z are written as two letters in braille as well: ⠉⠵ cz, ⠗⠵ rz, ⠎⠵ sz.
Punctuation
 , |
 . '[3] |
 ; |
 : |
 ? |
 ! |
 - — |
 @ |
 * |
 / |
 \ |
  # |
• |
 % |
‰ | |||||||
| ° |
′ |
″ |
$ |
¢ |
₤ |
€ | ||||
 © |
™ | |||||||||
- Paired punctuation
 ... “ ... ” |
 ... ‘ ... ’ |
 ... ( ... ) |
... { ... } (?)[4] |
 ... [ ... ] |
... ⟨ ... ⟩ |
Formatting
 (cap) |
(l.c.) |
 (emph.) |
External links
- [1] Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine (a detailed account of typesetting Polish Braille)
- Braille Translator online (Conversion of typed text on the Braille characters, full of Polish notation.)
References
- ^ "Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych". Braille - pismo punktowe dla niewidomych (in Polish). Retrieved 2021-12-01.
- ^ Morrissey, Patrick (October 1957). "Reading Braille in Foreign Languages". The Modern Language Journal. 41 (6): 266. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4781.1957.tb01695.x. JSTOR 321522.
- ^ And thus ⠄⠄⠄ for ellipsis.
- ^ It is not clear which brackets these are. In Polish, their name is nawias wydzielający, a phrase that refers specifically to these braille characters.