Onega, Russia: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Town in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia}} |
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{{Other uses|Onega (disambiguation)}} |
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{{Other places|Onega (disambiguation){{!}}Onega}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2011}} |
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{{Infobox Russian |
{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality |
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|en_name=Onega |
|en_name=Onega |
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|ru_name=Онега |
|ru_name=Онега |
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|image_skyline= |
|image_skyline=Свято-Троицкий собор фото 2.jpg |
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|image_caption= |
|image_caption=Holy Trinity Church |
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|coordinates = {{coord|63|55|N|38|05|E|display=inline,title}} |
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|latd=63 |
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|latm=55 |
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|lats= |
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|longd=38 |
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|longm=05 |
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|longs= |
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|map_label_position=bottom |
|map_label_position=bottom |
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|image_coa= |
|image_coa=Onega COA (Arkhangelsk Governorate) (1780).png |
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|coa_caption=Coat of |
|coa_caption=Coat of arms of Onega from 1780 |
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|image_flag= |
|image_flag= |
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|flag_caption= |
|flag_caption= |
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|federal_subject=[[Arkhangelsk Oblast]] |
|federal_subject=[[Arkhangelsk Oblast]] |
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|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="OKATO" /> |
|federal_subject_ref=<ref name="OKATO" /> |
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|adm_data_as_of=May 2010 |
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|adm_city_jur=[[city of federal subject significance|town of oblast significance]] of Onega |
|adm_city_jur=[[city of federal subject significance|town of oblast significance]] of Onega |
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|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="ArkhangelskO_admlaw" /> |
|adm_city_jur_ref=<ref name="ArkhangelskO_admlaw" /> |
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|inhabloc_type= |
|inhabloc_type= |
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|inhabloc_type_ref= |
|inhabloc_type_ref= |
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|mun_data_as_of=March 2012 |
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|mun_district_jur=Onezhsky Municipal District |
|mun_district_jur=Onezhsky Municipal District |
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|mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="ArkhangelskO_mun" /> |
|mun_district_jur_ref=<ref name="ArkhangelskO_mun" /> |
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|representative_body= |
|representative_body= |
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|representative_body_ref= |
|representative_body_ref= |
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|area_of_what= |
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|area_as_of= |
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|area_km2= |
|area_km2= |
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|area_km2_ref= |
|area_km2_ref= |
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|pop_2010census=21359 |
|pop_2010census=21359 |
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|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref| |
|pop_2010census_ref=<ref name="2010Census">{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}}</ref> |
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|pop_2002census=23430 |
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|pop_2002census_ref=<ref name="PopCensus">{{ru-pop-ref|2002Census}}</ref> |
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|pop_density= |
|pop_density= |
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|pop_density_as_of= |
|pop_density_as_of= |
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|established_date=14th century |
|established_date=14th century |
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|established_title=First mentioned |
|established_title=First mentioned |
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|established_date_ref=<ref name="gr"/> |
|established_date_ref=<ref name="gr" /> |
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|current_cat_date=August 19, 1780 |
|current_cat_date=August 19, 1780 |
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|current_cat_date_ref=<ref name="gr">{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=329}}</ref> |
|current_cat_date_ref=<ref name="gr">{{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=329}}</ref> |
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|dialing_codes_ref= |
|dialing_codes_ref= |
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|website= |
|website= |
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|website_ref= |
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|date=August 2011 |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Onega''' ({{lang-ru|Оне́га}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] in the northwest of [[Arkhangelsk Oblast]], [[Russia]], situated at the mouth of the [[Onega River]], a few kilometers from the shore of the [[Onega Bay]] of the [[White Sea]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010_prelim=21,359|p2002=23,430|p1989=26,070}} |
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'''Onega''' ({{lang|ru|Оне́га}}) is a [[types of inhabited localities in Russia|town]] in the northwest of [[Arkhangelsk Oblast]], Russia, situated at the mouth of the [[Onega River]], a few kilometers from the shore of the [[Onega Bay]] of the [[White Sea]]. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=21,359|p2002=23,430|p1989=26,070}} |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The [[Pomors|Pomor]] village of '''Ust-Onega''' ({{lang|ru|Усть-Оне́га}}) was first mentioned in [[Novgorod Republic|Novgorodian]] documents in the 14th century.<ref name="gr"/> It was chartered on August 19,{{citation needed|date=August 2011}} 1780,<ref name="gr" /> after [[Peter Ivanovich Shuvalov|Pyotr Shuvalov]] had sold his rights to fell timber to English industrialists who built several sawmills there. Since 1784, Onega was the administrative center of [[Onezhsky Uyezd]]. |
The [[Pomors|Pomor]] village of '''Ust-Onega''' ({{lang|ru|Усть-Оне́га}}) was first mentioned in [[Novgorod Republic|Novgorodian]] documents in the 14th century.<ref name="gr"/> In 1699, it was designated as one of the 4 ports in Russia whose exports to Britain were subject to the monopoly enjoyed by the [[Russia Company]].<ref>Oddy, J.J. 1807. ''European Commerce, Shewing New and Secure Channels of Trade with the Continent of Europe: detailing the produce, manufactures, and commerce, of Russia, Prussia, Sweden, Denmark, and Germany; as well as the trade of the rivers Elbe, Weser, and Ems; with a general view of the trade, navigation, produce, and manufactures, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland''. Philadelphia, USA: James Humphreys. 2 volumes.</ref> It was chartered on August 19,{{citation needed|date=August 2011}} 1780,<ref name="gr" /> after [[Peter Ivanovich Shuvalov|Pyotr Shuvalov]] had sold his rights to fell timber to English industrialists who built several sawmills there. Since 1784, Onega was the administrative center of [[Onezhsky Uyezd]]. |
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==Administrative and municipal status== |
==Administrative and municipal status== |
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Onega serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Onezhsky District]], |
Within the [[subdivisions of Russia#Administrative divisions|framework of administrative divisions]], Onega serves as the [[administrative center]] of [[Onezhsky District]], even though it is not a part of it.<ref name="OKATO">{{OKATO reference|11 246}}</ref> As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated separately as the '''[[city of federal subject significance|town of oblast significance]] of Onega'''—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the [[administrative divisions of Arkhangelsk Oblast|districts]].<ref name="ArkhangelskO_admlaw">Law #65-5-OZ</ref> As a [[subdivisions of Russia#Municipal divisions|municipal division]], the town of oblast significance of Onega is incorporated within Onezhsky Municipal District as '''Onezhskoye Urban Settlement'''.<ref name="ArkhangelskO_mun">Law #258-vneoch.-OZ</ref> |
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==Economy== |
==Economy== |
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===Industry=== |
===Industry=== |
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The economy of the town is based on timber industry. There is also production of construction materials.<ref name="economy">{{cite web|url=http://www.onega.ru/economy/date.htm|title=Общие сведения|publisher=МО "Онежский район"|language= |
The economy of the town is based on timber industry. There is also production of construction materials.<ref name="economy">{{cite web|url=http://www.onega.ru/economy/date.htm|script-title=ru:Общие сведения|publisher=МО "Онежский район"|language=ru|access-date=August 16, 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928093252/http://www.onega.ru/economy/date.htm|archive-date=September 28, 2011|df=mdy-all}}</ref> |
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===Transportation=== |
===Transportation=== |
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Onega is a minor port on a bay on the [[White Sea]], which routinely freezes in winter. The town is also served by the [[Arkhangelsk]]–[[Murmansk]] rail line, which branches off in Obozerskaya railway station from the railroad between Moscow and Arkhangelsk and runs west to Onega and [[Belomorsk]] where it joins the railroad between [[Petrozavodsk]] and [[Murmansk]]. The railroad was built during |
Onega is a minor port on a bay on the [[White Sea]], which routinely freezes in winter. The town is also served by the [[Arkhangelsk]]–[[Murmansk]] rail line, which branches off in Obozerskaya railway station from the railroad between Moscow and Arkhangelsk and runs west to Onega and [[Belomorsk]] where it joins the railroad between [[Petrozavodsk]] and [[Murmansk]]. The railroad was built during World War II to secure the transport of goods from the harbor of Murmansk to central Russia. |
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Onega is connected to [[Severodvinsk]] by a road. There are no all-seasonal roads on the left bank of the Onega River. |
Onega is connected to [[Severodvinsk]] by a road. There are no all-seasonal roads on the left bank of the Onega River. |
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The Onega is navigable downstream from the ''selo'' of [[Porog, Arkhangelsk Oblast|Porog]]; there is regular passenger navigation. There is also limited passenger service on the [[Onega Bay]]. |
The Onega is navigable downstream from the ''[[village#Russia|selo]]'' of [[Porog, Arkhangelsk Oblast|Porog]]; there is regular passenger navigation. There is also limited passenger service on the [[Onega Bay]]. |
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The Onega is served by the [[Onega Airport]] which |
The Onega is served by the [[Onega Airport]] which does not have regular flights. Close to the town, there is also an uncompleted military air base, [[Onega Andozero]]. |
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====Oil transport==== |
====Oil transport==== |
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In 2003, the Russian inland oil shipping company [[Volgotanker]] started using the [[White |
In 2003, the Russian inland oil shipping company [[Volgotanker]] started using the [[White Sea–Baltic Canal]] for exporting [[fuel oil]]. The scheme involved delivering oil by river tanker, over the canal and into a floating transfer terminal near the [[Osinki Island]] in the [[Onega Bay]], 36 km north-west of the port of Onega, for transfer to [[Latvia]]n seagoing tankers. |
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On September 1, 2003, a collision between Volgotanker's ''Nefterudovoz-57M'' and the Latvian ''Zoja-I'' during such a transfer caused an [[oil spill]]. As a result, fines were paid, and the company did not get a permit for similar operations in the following year.<ref name=wwf>Alexei Bambulyak, Bjorn Franzen. [http://www.wwf.ru/data/publ/oil_report_russian.pdf Transportation of oil from the Russian part of the Barents Sea region, as of January 2005] {{ru |
On September 1, 2003, a collision between Volgotanker's ''Nefterudovoz-57M'' and the Latvian ''Zoja-I'' during such a transfer caused an [[oil spill]]. As a result, fines were paid, and the company did not get a permit for similar operations in the following year.<ref name=wwf>Alexei Bambulyak, Bjorn Franzen. [http://www.wwf.ru/data/publ/oil_report_russian.pdf Transportation of oil from the Russian part of the Barents Sea region, as of January 2005] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303172500/http://www.wwf.ru/data/publ/oil_report_russian.pdf |date=March 3, 2016 }} {{in lang|ru}}</ref> |
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As of 2005, plans were in the works, by a different operator (ARM-Nefteservis), to set up oil transfer operations at a floating terminal off Osinki Island again. This time, oil would be delivered by the railway to the [[Shendunets]] station nearby, and pumped to the floating terminal by an underwater pipeline. |
As of 2005, plans were in the works, by a different operator (ARM-Nefteservis), to set up oil transfer operations at a floating terminal off Osinki Island again. This time, oil would be delivered by the railway to the [[Shendunets]] station nearby, and pumped to the floating terminal by an underwater pipeline. |
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==Culture and recreation== |
==Culture and recreation== |
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The only state museum in the town is the Onega Historical Museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.ru/M943|title=Онежский историко-мемориальный музей|publisher=Музеи России|language= |
The only state museum in the town is the Onega Historical Museum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.ru/M943|script-title=ru:Онежский историко-мемориальный музей|publisher=Музеи России|language=ru|access-date=August 19, 2011}}</ref> |
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[[Kiy Island]], offshore from Onega, and the surrounding ice fields were used as the location for filming ''[[A Captive in the Land]]'' in the winter of 1989–1990. The island is the site of a [[monastery]], the [[Holy Cross Monastery, Kiy Island|Holy Cross Monastery]], which was closed during the era of [[religious persecution]] by the Soviets. |
[[Kiy Island]], offshore from Onega, and the surrounding ice fields were used as the location for filming ''[[A Captive in the Land]]'' in the winter of 1989–1990. The island is the site of a [[monastery]], the [[Holy Cross Monastery, Kiy Island|Holy Cross Monastery]], which was closed during the era of [[religious persecution]] by the Soviets. |
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==Climate== |
==Climate== |
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Onega has a [[subarctic climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfc'') with mild to warm summers with cool nights and long, but not severely cold winters. Precipitation is very reliable year round. |
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{{Weather box |
{{Weather box |
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|location=Onega |
|location=Onega |
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|metric first=yes |
|metric first=yes |
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|single line=yes |
|single line=yes |
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|Jan high C= |
| Jan record high C = 6.1 |
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|Feb high C= |
| Feb record high C = 5.3 |
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|Mar high C= |
| Mar record high C = 13.4 |
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|Apr high C= |
| Apr record high C = 25.9 |
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|May high C= |
| May record high C = 32.5 |
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|Jun high C= |
| Jun record high C = 33.2 |
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|Jul high C = |
| Jul record high C = 35.8 |
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|Aug high C = |
| Aug record high C = 34.4 |
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|Sep high C = |
| Sep record high C = 27.4 |
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|Oct high C = |
| Oct record high C = 19.8 |
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|Nov high C = |
| Nov record high C = 11.1 |
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|Dec high C = |
| Dec record high C = 7.7 |
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|year high C = |
| year record high C = 35.8 |
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|Jan |
| Jan high C = -7.2 |
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|Feb |
| Feb high C = -6.3 |
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|Mar |
| Mar high C = -0.8 |
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|Apr |
| Apr high C = 6.0 |
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|May |
| May high C = 13.4 |
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|Jun |
| Jun high C = 18.9 |
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|Jul |
| Jul high C = 22.2 |
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|Aug |
| Aug high C = 19.2 |
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|Sep |
| Sep high C = 13.4 |
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|Oct |
| Oct high C = 5.6 |
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|Nov |
| Nov high C = -0.9 |
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|Dec |
| Dec high C = -4.4 |
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|year mean C = 2 |
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|Jan |
| Jan mean C = -10.2 |
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|Feb |
| Feb mean C = -9.6 |
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|Mar |
| Mar mean C = -4.8 |
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|Apr |
| Apr mean C = 1.4 |
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|May |
| May mean C = 8.0 |
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|Jun |
| Jun mean C = 13.7 |
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|Jul |
| Jul mean C = 17.1 |
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|Aug |
| Aug mean C = 14.4 |
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|Sep |
| Sep mean C = 9.5 |
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|Oct |
| Oct mean C = 3.2 |
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|Nov |
| Nov mean C = -3.1 |
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|Dec |
| Dec mean C = -6.9 |
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|year low C = -1 |
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|Jan |
| Jan low C = -13.4 |
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|Feb |
| Feb low C = -13.0 |
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|Mar |
| Mar low C = -8.6 |
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|Apr |
| Apr low C = -2.5 |
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|May |
| May low C = 3.6 |
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|Jun |
| Jun low C = 9.0 |
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|Jul |
| Jul low C = 12.5 |
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|Aug |
| Aug low C = 10.4 |
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|Sep |
| Sep low C = 6.4 |
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|Oct |
| Oct low C = 1.1 |
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|Nov |
| Nov low C = -5.3 |
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|Dec |
| Dec low C = -9.8 |
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|year precipitation days = 255 |
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| Jan record low C = -42.1 |
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|source 1 = Weatherbase<ref name="Weatherbase">{{cite web |
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| Feb record low C = -42.5 |
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|url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=17422&refer=&units=metric&cityname=Mezen%27-Severo-Zapadniy-Fed.-Okrug-Russia |
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| Mar record low C = -38.5 |
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|title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Onega |
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| Apr record low C = -26.0 |
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|accessdate=August 25, 2011}}</ref> |
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| May record low C = -14.6 |
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|date=August 2011 |
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| Jun record low C = -3.4 |
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| Jul record low C = -0.4 |
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| Aug record low C = -3.0 |
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| Sep record low C = -4.9 |
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| Oct record low C = -19.3 |
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| Nov record low C = -32.2 |
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| Dec record low C = -41.2 |
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| year record low C = -42.5 |
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| precipitation colour = green |
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| Jan precipitation mm = 44 |
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| Feb precipitation mm = 32 |
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| Mar precipitation mm = 30 |
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| Apr precipitation mm = 28 |
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| May precipitation mm = 45 |
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| Jun precipitation mm = 63 |
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| Jul precipitation mm = 74 |
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| Aug precipitation mm = 77 |
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| Sep precipitation mm = 68 |
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| Oct precipitation mm = 69 |
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| Nov precipitation mm = 55 |
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| Dec precipitation mm = 51 |
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| Jan rain days = 3 |
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| Feb rain days = 2 |
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| Mar rain days = 5 |
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| Apr rain days = 10 |
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| May rain days = 17 |
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| Jun rain days = 17 |
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| Jul rain days = 17 |
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| Aug rain days = 18 |
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| Sep rain days = 22 |
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| Oct rain days = 19 |
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| Nov rain days = 9 |
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| Dec rain days = 5 |
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| year rain days = 144 |
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| Jan snow days = 26 |
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| Feb snow days = 25 |
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| Mar snow days = 21 |
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| Apr snow days = 13 |
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| May snow days = 6 |
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| Jun snow days = 1 |
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| Jul snow days = 0 |
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| Aug snow days = 0.03 |
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| Sep snow days = 1 |
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| Oct snow days = 11 |
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| Nov snow days = 23 |
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| Dec snow days = 27 |
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| year snow days = 154 |
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| Jan humidity = 84 |
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| Feb humidity = 83 |
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| Mar humidity = 79 |
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| Apr humidity = 72 |
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| May humidity = 69 |
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| Jun humidity = 68 |
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| Jul humidity = 72 |
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| Aug humidity = 78 |
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| Sep humidity = 83 |
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| Oct humidity = 87 |
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| Nov humidity = 88 |
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| Dec humidity = 86 |
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|year humidity = 79 |
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| Jan sun = 21 |
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| Feb sun = 57 |
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| Mar sun = 118 |
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| Apr sun = 188 |
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| May sun = 275 |
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| Jun sun = 304 |
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| Jul sun = 308 |
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| Aug sun = 215 |
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| Sep sun = 124 |
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| Oct sun = 58 |
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| Nov sun = 19 |
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| Dec sun = 8 |
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|year sun = 1695 |
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|source 1 = Pogoda.ru.net<ref name=pogoda>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/22641.htm |
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| title = Weather and Climate-The Climate of Onega |
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| language = ru |
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| publisher = Weather and Climate (Погода и климат) |
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| access-date = 5 December 2019}}</ref> |
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|source 2 = [[NOAA]] (sun 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAA>{{cite web |
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| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_VI/RE/22641.TXT |
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| title = Onega Climate Normals 1961–1990 |
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| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |
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| access-date = 5 December 2019}}</ref> |
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}} |
}} |
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==Notable people== |
==Notable people== |
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Ill-fated young captain, oceanographer and linguist [[Alexander Kuchin]] ( |
Ill-fated young captain, oceanographer and linguist [[Alexander Kuchin]] (1888–1913?), was born in Onega. Bolshevik writer [[Nikolai Bukharin]] was exiled to Onega in 1911 and left for Germany in 1912. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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| Line 182: | Line 258: | ||
{{Arkhangelsk Oblast}} |
{{Arkhangelsk Oblast}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2011}} |
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[[Category:Cities and towns in Arkhangelsk Oblast]] |
[[Category:Cities and towns in Arkhangelsk Oblast]] |
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[[Category:White Sea]] |
[[Category:White Sea]] |
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[[Category:Populated places established in 1780]] |
[[Category:Populated places established in 1780]] |
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[[Category:Monotowns in Russia]] |
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[[Category:Onezhsky Uyezd]] |
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[[ar:أونغا]] |
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[[az:Oneqa (şəhər)]] |
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[[be:Горад Анега]] |
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[[be-x-old:Анега (горад)]] |
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[[de:Onega (Stadt)]] |
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[[et:Onega]] |
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[[es:Onega (ciudad)]] |
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[[eo:Onega (urbo)]] |
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[[fa:اونگا (شهر)]] |
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[[fr:Onega (ville)]] |
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[[ko:오네가]] |
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[[it:Onega (città)]] |
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[[lt:Onega (miestas)]] |
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[[mk:Онега, Архангелска област]] |
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[[nl:Onega (stad)]] |
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[[ja:オネガ]] |
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[[no:Onega (by)]] |
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[[nn:Onega i Arkhangelsk oblast]] |
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[[pl:Onega (miasto)]] |
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[[ro:Onega, Arhanghelsk]] |
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[[ru:Онега (город)]] |
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[[fi:Onega]] |
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[[tl:Onega (town)]] |
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[[vep:Oneg]] |
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[[war:Onega (bungto)]] |
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[[diq:Onega (town)]] |
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[[zh:奧涅加]] |
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Latest revision as of 17:20, 21 April 2024
Onega
Онега | |
|---|---|
 Holy Trinity Church | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Onega  | |
  Onega Location of Onega  Onega Onega (Arkhangelsk Oblast) | |
| Coordinates: 63°55′N 38°05′E / 63.917°N 38.083°E | |
| Country | Russia |
| Federal subject | Arkhangelsk Oblast[1] |
| First mentioned | 14th century[2] |
| Town status since | August 19, 1780[2] |
| Elevation | 20 m (70 ft) |
| Population | |
| • Total | 21,359 |
| • Subordinated to | town of oblast significance of Onega[4] |
| • Capital of | town of oblast significance of Onega,[4] Onezhsky District[1] |
| • Municipal district | Onezhsky Municipal District[5] |
| • Urban settlement | Onezhskoye Urban Settlement[5] |
| • Capital of | Onezhsky Municipal District,[5] Onezhskoye Urban Settlement[5] |
| Time zone | UTC+3 (MSK  [6]) |
| Postal code(s)[7] | 164840 |
| OKTMO ID | 11646101001 |
Onega (Оне́га) is a town in the northwest of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, situated at the mouth of the Onega River, a few kilometers from the shore of the Onega Bay of the White Sea. Population: 21,359 (2010 Russian census);[3] 23,430 (2002 Census);[8] 26,070 (1989 Soviet census).[9]
History[edit]
The Pomor village of Ust-Onega (Усть-Оне́га) was first mentioned in Novgorodian documents in the 14th century.[2] In 1699, it was designated as one of the 4 ports in Russia whose exports to Britain were subject to the monopoly enjoyed by the Russia Company.[10] It was chartered on August 19,[citation needed] 1780,[2] after Pyotr Shuvalov had sold his rights to fell timber to English industrialists who built several sawmills there. Since 1784, Onega was the administrative center of Onezhsky Uyezd.
Administrative and municipal status[edit]
Within the framework of administrative divisions, Onega serves as the administrative center of Onezhsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[1] As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated separately as the town of oblast significance of Onega—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[4] As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Onega is incorporated within Onezhsky Municipal District as Onezhskoye Urban Settlement.[5]
Economy[edit]
Industry[edit]
The economy of the town is based on timber industry. There is also production of construction materials.[11]
Transportation[edit]
Onega is a minor port on a bay on the White Sea, which routinely freezes in winter. The town is also served by the Arkhangelsk–Murmansk rail line, which branches off in Obozerskaya railway station from the railroad between Moscow and Arkhangelsk and runs west to Onega and Belomorsk where it joins the railroad between Petrozavodsk and Murmansk. The railroad was built during World War II to secure the transport of goods from the harbor of Murmansk to central Russia.
Onega is connected to Severodvinsk by a road. There are no all-seasonal roads on the left bank of the Onega River.
The Onega is navigable downstream from the selo of Porog; there is regular passenger navigation. There is also limited passenger service on the Onega Bay.
The Onega is served by the Onega Airport which does not have regular flights. Close to the town, there is also an uncompleted military air base, Onega Andozero.
Oil transport[edit]
In 2003, the Russian inland oil shipping company Volgotanker started using the White Sea–Baltic Canal for exporting fuel oil. The scheme involved delivering oil by river tanker, over the canal and into a floating transfer terminal near the Osinki Island in the Onega Bay, 36 km north-west of the port of Onega, for transfer to Latvian seagoing tankers.
On September 1, 2003, a collision between Volgotanker's Nefterudovoz-57M and the Latvian Zoja-I during such a transfer caused an oil spill. As a result, fines were paid, and the company did not get a permit for similar operations in the following year.[12]
As of 2005, plans were in the works, by a different operator (ARM-Nefteservis), to set up oil transfer operations at a floating terminal off Osinki Island again. This time, oil would be delivered by the railway to the Shendunets station nearby, and pumped to the floating terminal by an underwater pipeline.
Culture and recreation[edit]
The only state museum in the town is the Onega Historical Museum.[13]
Kiy Island, offshore from Onega, and the surrounding ice fields were used as the location for filming A Captive in the Land in the winter of 1989–1990. The island is the site of a monastery, the Holy Cross Monastery, which was closed during the era of religious persecution by the Soviets.
Climate[edit]
Onega has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) with mild to warm summers with cool nights and long, but not severely cold winters. Precipitation is very reliable year round.
| Climate data for Onega | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.1 (43.0) |
5.3 (41.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
25.9 (78.6) |
32.5 (90.5) |
33.2 (91.8) |
35.8 (96.4) |
34.4 (93.9) |
27.4 (81.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
11.1 (52.0) |
7.7 (45.9) |
35.8 (96.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −7.2 (19.0) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
6.0 (42.8) |
13.4 (56.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
19.2 (66.6) |
13.4 (56.1) |
5.6 (42.1) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
6.6 (43.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −10.2 (13.6) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
1.4 (34.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
13.7 (56.7) |
17.1 (62.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
9.5 (49.1) |
3.2 (37.8) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
2.7 (36.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −13.4 (7.9) |
−13.0 (8.6) |
−8.6 (16.5) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
3.6 (38.5) |
9.0 (48.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
10.4 (50.7) |
6.4 (43.5) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−9.8 (14.4) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −42.1 (−43.8) |
−42.5 (−44.5) |
−38.5 (−37.3) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
−14.6 (5.7) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
−32.2 (−26.0) |
−41.2 (−42.2) |
−42.5 (−44.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 44 (1.7) |
32 (1.3) |
30 (1.2) |
28 (1.1) |
45 (1.8) |
63 (2.5) |
74 (2.9) |
77 (3.0) |
68 (2.7) |
69 (2.7) |
55 (2.2) |
51 (2.0) |
636 (25.1) |
| Average rainy days | 3 | 2 | 5 | 10 | 17 | 17 | 17 | 18 | 22 | 19 | 9 | 5 | 144 |
| Average snowy days | 26 | 25 | 21 | 13 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0.03 | 1 | 11 | 23 | 27 | 154 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84 | 83 | 79 | 72 | 69 | 68 | 72 | 78 | 83 | 87 | 88 | 86 | 79 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 21 | 57 | 118 | 188 | 275 | 304 | 308 | 215 | 124 | 58 | 19 | 8 | 1,695 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[14] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990)[15] | |||||||||||||
Notable people[edit]
Ill-fated young captain, oceanographer and linguist Alexander Kuchin (1888–1913?), was born in Onega. Bolshevik writer Nikolai Bukharin was exiled to Onega in 1911 and left for Germany in 1912.
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ a b c d Государственный комитет Российской Федерации по статистике. Комитет Российской Федерации по стандартизации, метрологии и сертификации. №ОК 019-95 1 января 1997 г. «Общероссийский классификатор объектов административно-территориального деления. Код 11 246», в ред. изменения №278/2015 от 1 января 2016 г.. (State Statistics Committee of the Russian Federation. Committee of the Russian Federation on Standardization, Metrology, and Certification. #OK 019-95 January 1, 1997 Russian Classification of Objects of Administrative Division (OKATO). Code 11 246, as amended by the Amendment #278/2015 of January 1, 2016. ).
- ^ a b c d Энциклопедия Города России. Moscow: Большая Российская Энциклопедия. 2003. p. 329. ISBN 5-7107-7399-9.
- ^ a b Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1 [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года [2010 All-Russia Population Census] (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service.
- ^ a b c Law #65-5-OZ
- ^ a b c d e Law #258-vneoch.-OZ
- ^ "Об исчислении времени". Официальный интернет-портал правовой информации (in Russian). June 3, 2011. Retrieved January 19, 2019.
- ^ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (in Russian)
- ^ Federal State Statistics Service (May 21, 2004). Численность населения России, субъектов Российской Федерации в составе федеральных округов, районов, городских поселений, сельских населённых пунктов – районных центров и сельских населённых пунктов с населением 3 тысячи и более человек [Population of Russia, Its Federal Districts, Federal Subjects, Districts, Urban Localities, Rural Localities—Administrative Centers, and Rural Localities with Population of Over 3,000] (XLS). Всероссийская перепись населения 2002 года [All-Russia Population Census of 2002] (in Russian).
- ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность наличного населения союзных и автономных республик, автономных областей и округов, краёв, областей, районов, городских поселений и сёл-райцентров [All Union Population Census of 1989: Present Population of Union and Autonomous Republics, Autonomous Oblasts and Okrugs, Krais, Oblasts, Districts, Urban Settlements, and Villages Serving as District Administrative Centers]. Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 года [All-Union Population Census of 1989] (in Russian). Институт демографии Национального исследовательского университета: Высшая школа экономики [Institute of Demography at the National Research University: Higher School of Economics]. 1989 – via Demoscope Weekly.
- ^ Oddy, J.J. 1807. European Commerce, Shewing New and Secure Channels of Trade with the Continent of Europe: detailing the produce, manufactures, and commerce, of Russia, Prussia, Sweden, Denmark, and Germany; as well as the trade of the rivers Elbe, Weser, and Ems; with a general view of the trade, navigation, produce, and manufactures, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland. Philadelphia, USA: James Humphreys. 2 volumes.
- ^ Общие сведения (in Russian). МО "Онежский район". Archived from the original on September 28, 2011. Retrieved August 16, 2011.
- ^ Alexei Bambulyak, Bjorn Franzen. Transportation of oil from the Russian part of the Barents Sea region, as of January 2005 Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ Онежский историко-мемориальный музей (in Russian). Музеи России. Retrieved August 19, 2011.
- ^ "Weather and Climate-The Climate of Onega" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Retrieved December 5, 2019.
- ^ "Onega Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
Sources[edit]
- Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов. Областной закон №65-5-ОЗ от 23 сентября 2009 г. «Об административно-территориальном устройстве Архангельской области», в ред. Областного закона №232-13-ОЗ от 16 декабря 2014 г. «О внесении изменений в отдельные Областные Законы в сфере осуществления местного самоуправления и взаимодействия с некоммерческими организациями». Вступил в силу через десять дней со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волна", №43, 6 октября 2009 г. (Arkhangelsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Oblast Law #65-5-OZ of September 23, 2009 On the Administrative-Territorial Structure of Arkhangelsk Oblast, as amended by the Oblast Law #232-13-OZ of December 16, 2014 On Amending Various Oblast Laws Dealing with the Process of Municipal Self-Government and Relations with Non-Profit Organizations. Effective as of the day which is ten days after the official publication.).
- Архангельское областное Собрание депутатов. Областной закон №258-внеоч.-ОЗ от 23 сентября 2004 г. «О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области», в ред. Областного закона №224-13-ОЗ от 16 декабря 2014 г. «Об упразднении отдельных населённых пунктов Соловецкого района Архангельской области и о внесении изменения в статью 46 Областного закона "О статусе и границах территорий муниципальных образований в Архангельской области"». Вступил в силу со дня официального опубликования. Опубликован: "Волна", №38, 8 октября 2004 г. (Arkhangelsk Oblast Council of Deputies. Oblast Law #258-vneoch.-OZ of September 23, 2004 On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast, as amended by the Oblast Law #224-13-OZ of December 16, 2014 On Abolishing Several Inhabited Localities in Solovetsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast and on Amending Article 46 of the Oblast Law "On the Status and Borders of the Territories of the Municipal Formations in Arkhangelsk Oblast". Effective as of the day of the official publication.).
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