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{{Short description|Social network service for films}}
{{Short description|Social cataloging service for films}}
{{Distinguish|Letter Boxed}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{use dmy dates|date=January 2016}}
{{Infobox website
{{Infobox website
Line 7: Line 8:
| commercial = Yes
| commercial = Yes
| type = [[Social cataloging application]] for [[film]]s
| type = [[Social cataloging application]] for [[film]]s
| registration = Optional
| registration = Optional to view; required to use
| language = English
| language = English
| num_users = 10 million (September 2023)
| num_users = 10 million<ref>{{cite web |last1=Mullin |first1=Benjamin |title=Letterboxd, Online Haven for Film Nerds, Gets a New Owner |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/29/business/media/letterboxd-new-owner.html |website=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=24 November 2023 |date=29 September 2023}}</ref>
| content_license =
| content_license =
| programming_language =
| programming_language =
| location = [[Auckland, New Zealand]]
| author = {{ubl|Matthew Buchanan|Karl von Randow}}
| founder = {{ubl|Matthew Buchanan|Karl von Randow}}
| owner = [[Tiny (holding company)]] (60%)
| owner = Tiny (60%)
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2011|10|df=yes}}
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2011|10|df=yes}}
| key_people = Gemma Gracewood (editor-in-chief)
| revenue =
| revenue =
| current_status = Active
| current_status = Active
}}
}}


'''Letterboxd''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɛ|t|ər|b|ɒ|k|s|t}} {{respell|LEH|tər|bokst}}) is an online [[Social cataloging application|social cataloging]] service co-founded by Matthew Buchanan and Karl von Randow in 2011. It was launched as an app focused on sharing opinions about, and love of [[film]], and is maintained by a small team in [[Auckland]], [[New Zealand]]. The site allows users to share their taste in films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://letterboxd.com/about/frequent-questions/|title=Frequent questions|website=letterboxd.com|access-date=19 January 2016|archive-date=28 October 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111028162251/https://letterboxd.com/about/frequent-questions/|url-status=live}}</ref> Members can write reviews or share their opinions about films, keep track of what they have seen in the past, record viewing dates, make lists of films and showcase their favorite films, as well as meet and interact with other [[Cinephilia|cinephiles]]. Films can be rated, reviewed, added to a specific date's diary entry, included in a list, and tagged with relevant keywords.
'''Letterboxd''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɛ|t|ər|b|ɒ|k|s|t}} {{respell|LEH|tər|bokst}}) is a New Zealand online [[Social cataloging application|social cataloging]] service founded by Matthew Buchanan and Karl von Randow in 2011. It advertises itself as "[[Goodreads]] for film." Members can rate and review films, keep track of what films they have seen in the past and when, make lists of films, showcase their favorite films, tag films using text keywords, and interact with other [[Cinephilia|cinephiles]].

Letterboxd's popularity spiked during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. It had over 12 million registered users as of February 2024. Although the website is generally limited to films, its leadership intends to add television shows in the future.


== History ==
== History ==
The site was launched at Brooklyn Beta.<ref name="brooklyn.beta/2011">{{cite web |title=Brooklyn Beta 2011 |url=https://brooklynbeta.org/2011/ |website=brooklynbeta.org |access-date=19 July 2022 |archive-date=9 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409210829/https://brooklynbeta.org/2011/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It transitioned from private to public beta on 24 April 2012,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/letterboxd-social-website-for-film-fans-launches.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428224804/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/letterboxd-social-website-for-film-fans-launches.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 April 2012|title=Letterboxd: Social website for film fans launches - latimes.com|date=28 April 2012|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/18883/what-on-earth-is-letterboxd|title=What on earth is Letterboxd?|work=Den of Geek|access-date=17 October 2018|archive-date=17 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017043023/http://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/18883/what-on-earth-is-letterboxd|url-status=live}}</ref> and all pages became publicly visible. Membership remained invitation-only until 8 February 2013, when it was opened for public use.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thenextweb.com/apps/2013/02/08/letterboxd-the-social-network-for-movie-buffs-rolls-out-of-beta/|title=Letterboxd, the social network for movie buffs, goes freemium and finally opens to everyone|date=8 February 2013|access-date=19 January 2016|publisher=The Next Web|archive-date=30 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130192256/http://thenextweb.com/apps/2013/02/08/letterboxd-the-social-network-for-movie-buffs-rolls-out-of-beta/|url-status=live}}</ref> The site also introduced a [[Tiered service|tiered structure]], with both free and paid memberships, which allow access to multiple features including personalized "Year in Review" pages.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://news.letterboxd.com/post/42543441137/pro|title=Pro.|website=Letterboxd News|date=8 February 2013|access-date=26 July 2019|archive-date=26 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726013438/https://news.letterboxd.com/post/42543441137/pro|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2020, Letterboxd announced a new membership type for film-related organizations, from festivals to [[Art film|arthouse]] theaters to [[Podcast|podcasts]], to participate with tools better suited than the individual-oriented basic profile.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Office Space.|url=https://news.letterboxd.com/post/629448004285448192/office-space-hq-tier|access-date=5 June 2021|website=Letterboxd News|date=17 September 2020|archive-date=6 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006124307/https://news.letterboxd.com/post/629448004285448192/office-space-hq-tier|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Development ===
The userbase doubled from the previous year to more than 3 million by January 2021.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Marsh|first=Calum|date=13 January 2021|title=Is Letterboxd Becoming a Blockbuster?|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/13/movies/letterboxd-growth.html|access-date=1 March 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=13 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210213124815/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/13/movies/letterboxd-growth.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In an article for ''[[The Ringer (website)|The Ringer]]'', film critic Scott Tobias called Letterboxd "the safest space for film discussion we've got" due to its community and discussion-based model in the midst of the [[COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=Tobias|first=Scott|date=18 September 2020|title=The Future of Film Talk Is on Letterboxd|url=https://www.theringer.com/movies/2020/9/18/21444082/letterboxd-film-discussion-site-streaming-movies|access-date=19 October 2020|website=[[The Ringer (website)|The Ringer]]|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919090820/https://www.theringer.com/movies/2020/9/18/21444082/letterboxd-film-discussion-site-streaming-movies|url-status=live}}</ref>
Seeking to develop a "[[Goodreads]] for film," web designers Matthew Buchanan and Karl von Randow launched a private version of the Letterboxd website at the Brooklyn Beta web conference in October 2011.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news |last=Marsh |first=Calum |date=2021-01-13 |title=Is Letterboxd Becoming a Blockbuster? |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/13/movies/letterboxd-growth.html |access-date=2024-02-08 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref name="brooklyn.beta/2011">{{cite web |title=Brooklyn Beta 2011 |url=https://brooklynbeta.org/2011/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110409210829/https://brooklynbeta.org/2011/ |archive-date=9 April 2011 |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Brooklyn Beta}}</ref> The name "Letterboxd" is an allusion to [[Letterboxing (filming)|letterboxing]], the practice of placing black bars on the edges of a screen to preserve a movie's original [[Aspect ratio (image)|aspect ratio]].<ref name=":4">{{Cite web |title=Frequent questions |url=https://letterboxd.com/about/faq/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Letterboxd |language=en}}</ref> Buchanan and von Randow launched an invitation-only beta version on 24 April 2012<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/letterboxd-social-website-for-film-fans-launches.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428224804/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/movies/2012/04/letterboxd-social-website-for-film-fans-launches.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 April 2012|title=Letterboxd: Social website for film fans launches - latimes.com|date=28 April 2012|access-date=16 October 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Chapman |first=Glen |date=14 March 2012 |title=What on earth is Letterboxd? |url=http://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/18883/what-on-earth-is-letterboxd |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017043023/http://www.denofgeek.com/us/movies/18883/what-on-earth-is-letterboxd |archive-date=17 October 2018 |access-date=17 October 2018 |work=Den of Geek}}</ref> and opened the site to the general public on 8 February 2013.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://thenextweb.com/apps/2013/02/08/letterboxd-the-social-network-for-movie-buffs-rolls-out-of-beta/|title=Letterboxd, the social network for movie buffs, goes freemium and finally opens to everyone|date=8 February 2013|access-date=19 January 2016|publisher=The Next Web|archive-date=30 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160130192256/http://thenextweb.com/apps/2013/02/08/letterboxd-the-social-network-for-movie-buffs-rolls-out-of-beta/|url-status=live}}</ref> Until March 2020, Letterboxd did not employ any full-time personnel.<ref name=":2" /> In September 2023, the company had 16 full-time and 12 part-time employees.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last=Mullin |first=Benjamin |date=2023-09-29 |title=Letterboxd, Online Haven for Film Nerds, Gets a New Owner |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/09/29/business/media/letterboxd-new-owner.html |access-date=2024-02-08 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


⚫
In September 2023, Canadian investment company Tiny acquired a 60% majority stake in Letterboxd, valuing the company at around $50–60 million. Buchanan and von Randow continue to lead the company.<ref>{{cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=September 29, 2023 |title=Letterboxd Acquired by Canadian Firm in Deal Valuing It at $50 Million |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/letterboxd-acquired-50-million-deal-valuation-1235740185/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929144802/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/letterboxd-acquired-50-million-deal-valuation-1235740185/ |archive-date=29 September 2023 |access-date=29 September 2023 |website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]}}</ref>
The 100 millionth film was marked as watched on the site on 15 May 2017, six years after launch. {{Asof|2022|July|20}}, members have marked over 1 billion films as watched.<ref>{{Cite web|title=There are now one billion films watched on Letterboxd|url=https://twitter.com/letterboxd/status/1549487895039606785|access-date=19 July 2022|website=Twitter|language=en|archive-date=19 July 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719201543/https://twitter.com/letterboxd/status/1549487895039606785|url-status=live}}</ref> An internal survey conducted in late 2022 showed that there were 9 million users who outperformed general moviegoers in all areas (from frequency of theater visits, to Blu-ray and DVD purchases).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lambert |first=Harper |date=May 26, 2023 |title=Letterboxd Unboxed: How a Grassroots Social Network Is Revolutionizing Film Fandom |work=TheWrap |url=https://www.thewrap.com/letterboxd-social-media-platform-film-fans/ |access-date=June 5, 2023 |archive-date=6 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606022343/https://www.thewrap.com/letterboxd-social-media-platform-film-fans/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


⚫
Upon its acquisition, Letterboxd concurrently announced that it intended to add television shows to the site.<ref name=":3" /> (Due to Letterboxd's reliance on outside vendor The Movie Database for its list of extant films, [[limited-run series]] and a small number of recurring series have been loggable on the site for years.<ref name=":4" />) Buchanan acknowledged that the decision to add TV shows has been met with some controversy by the Letterboxd community, but assured users that the introduction of television to the platform will not disrupt the current user experience.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=2023-10-05 |title=Letterboxd Founders on Selling Their Company, Expanding Into TV: ‘We Need Some Mentorship to Take Us to the Next Level’ |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/letterboxd-founders-sell-company-adding-tv-shows-1235746156/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018184719/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/letterboxd-founders-sell-company-adding-tv-shows-1235746156/ |archive-date=18 October 2023 |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>
⚫
Six films have held the title of highest-rated narrative on Letterboxd: ''[[The Godfather]]'', ''[[Parasite (2019 film)|Parasite]]'', ''[[Everything Everywhere All At Once]]'', ''[[Come and See]]'', ''[[Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse]]'', and ''[[Harakiri (1962 film)|Harakiri]]''; ''Harakiri'' is the current title-holder as of June 2023.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://letterboxd.com/journal/the-score-new-weighted-average-ratings/|title=The Score: we've updated our weighted-rating calculations|publisher=Letterboxd|date=June 19, 2023|accessdate=July 31, 2023|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801002503/https://letterboxd.com/journal/the-score-new-weighted-average-ratings/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Moulton|first=Jack|url=https://letterboxd.com/jack/list/films-that-have-ranked-as-letterboxds-official/|title=Films that have ranked as Letterboxd’s official all-time number one|publisher=Letterboxd|date=June 19, 2023|accessdate=July 31, 2023|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801002648/https://letterboxd.com/jack/list/films-that-have-ranked-as-letterboxds-official/|url-status=live}}</ref>


=== Growth ===
⚫
In September 2023, [[Tiny (holding company)]], a Canadian holding company based in [[Victoria, British Columbia]], acquired a 60% majority stake in Letterboxd, valuing the company at around $50–60 million. Co-founders Buchanan and von Randow continue to lead the company.<ref>{{cite web|last=Spangler|first=Todd|title=Letterboxd Acquired by Canadian Firm in Deal Valuing It at $50 Million|url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/letterboxd-acquired-50-million-deal-valuation-1235740185/|website=[[Variety (magazine)|Variety]]|date=September 29, 2023|access-date=29 September 2023|archive-date=29 September 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230929144802/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/letterboxd-acquired-50-million-deal-valuation-1235740185/|url-status=live}}</ref>
In May 2017 (six years after launch), Letterboxd users collectively logged their 100 millionth film; they reached the 1 billion mark on 19 July 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |title=There are now one billion films watched on Letterboxd |url=https://twitter.com/letterboxd/status/1549487895039606785 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220719201543/https://twitter.com/letterboxd/status/1549487895039606785 |archive-date=19 July 2022 |access-date=19 July 2022 |website=Twitter |language=en}}</ref> As of 29 March 2024, users have logged over 300 movies at least one million times each, and 18 movies at least three million times each.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2021-03-27 |title=Letterboxd One Million Watched Club |url=https://letterboxd.com/alexanderh/list/letterboxd-one-million-watched-club/ |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=Letterboxd |language=en}}</ref>


Letterboxd's userbase swelled during the [[COVID-19 pandemic]]. Its user count rose from 1.8 million in March 2020 to 3 million in January 2021,<ref name=":0" /> 4.1 million in December 2021,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Goldstein |first=Jessica M. |date=2023-12-18 |title=Letterboxd feels like vintage internet. Can it stay that way? |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/style/of-interest/2023/12/18/letterboxd-fans-movies/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Washington Post |language=en}}</ref> 10 million in September 2023,<ref name=":3"/> and 12 million in February 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |last=King |first=Jack |date=2024-02-29 |title=Why everyone you know is suddenly a Letterboxd head |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/why-everyone-loves-letterboxd |access-date=2024-05-30 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref> In September 2020, film critic Scott Tobias called Letterboxd "the safest space for film discussion we've got."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|last=Tobias|first=Scott|date=18 September 2020|title=The Future of Film Talk Is on Letterboxd|url=https://www.theringer.com/movies/2020/9/18/21444082/letterboxd-film-discussion-site-streaming-movies|access-date=19 October 2020|website=[[The Ringer (website)|The Ringer]]|archive-date=19 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200919090820/https://www.theringer.com/movies/2020/9/18/21444082/letterboxd-film-discussion-site-streaming-movies|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Arthouse]] and classic film organizations such as the [[American Cinematheque]] reported that once movie theaters reopened, Letterboxd helped drive younger filmgoers to visit their programs.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Murphy |first=J. Kim |date=2023-11-22 |title=How Letterboxd Captured Young Moviegoers — and Martin Scorsese |url=https://variety.com/2023/film/news/letterboxd-martin-scorsese-younger-audience-classic-films-1235804153/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Variety |language=en-US}}</ref>
⚫
As of October 2023, Letterboxd is in the process of adding television shows to the site (miniseries such as ''Band of Brothers'' and multi-season shows originally planned as miniseries such as ''Big Little Lies'' have been on the site for years). Though the decision to add TV shows has been met with some controversy by the Letterboxd community, Buchanan has assured users that the introduction of television to the platform will not disrupt current user experience.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Spangler |first=Todd |date=2023-10-05 |title=Letterboxd Founders on Selling Their Company, Expanding Into TV: ‘We Need Some Mentorship to Take Us to the Next Level’ |url=https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/letterboxd-founders-sell-company-adding-tv-shows-1235746156/ |access-date=2023-10-19 |website=Variety |language=en-US |archive-date=18 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231018184719/https://variety.com/2023/digital/news/letterboxd-founders-sell-company-adding-tv-shows-1235746156/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

⚫
Six films have held the title of highest-rated narrative feature on Letterboxd: ''[[The Godfather]]'', ''[[Parasite (2019 film)|Parasite]]'', ''[[Everything Everywhere All at Once]]'', ''[[Come and See]]'', ''[[Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse]]'', and ''[[Harakiri (1962 film)|Harakiri]]''.<ref>{{cite web|last=Moulton|first=Jack|url=https://letterboxd.com/jack/list/films-that-have-ranked-as-letterboxds-official/|title=Films that have ranked as Letterboxd’s official all-time number one|publisher=Letterboxd|date=June 19, 2023|accessdate=July 31, 2023|archive-date=1 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801002648/https://letterboxd.com/jack/list/films-that-have-ranked-as-letterboxds-official/|url-status=live}}</ref> ''Harakiri'' is the current title-holder as of April 2024.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2013-11-08 |title=Official Top 250 Narrative Feature Films |url=https://letterboxd.com/dave/list/official-top-250-narrative-feature-films/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Letterboxd |language=en}}</ref>

=== Reputation ===
The site has a reputation (both positive and negative) for attracting [[Cinephilia|cinephiles]] and members of "Film Twitter."<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |last=Minor |first=Jordan |date=2023-06-06 |title=Letterboxd Review |url=https://www.pcmag.com/reviews/letterboxd |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=PCMAG |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bunch |first=Sonny |date=2022-01-05 |title=J.D. Vance Versus Film Twitter |url=https://www.thebulwark.com/j-d-vance-versus-film-twitter/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=The Bulwark |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Hoepfner |first=Fran |date=2023-12-04 |title=May December May Cause Internet Brain |url=https://www.vulture.com/2023/12/may-december-letterboxd-tweets.html |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Vulture |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=deBoer |first=Freddie |date=2023-12-21 |title=Every Annoying Letterboxd Behavior |url=https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/every-annoying-letterboxd-behavior |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Freddie deBoer}}</ref> An internal survey conducted in late 2022 showed that Letterboxd users, on average, watched more movies and spent more money on movies than general moviegoers.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Lambert |first=Harper |date=May 26, 2023 |title=Letterboxd Unboxed: How a Grassroots Social Network Is Revolutionizing Film Fandom |url=https://www.thewrap.com/letterboxd-social-media-platform-film-fans/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230606022343/https://www.thewrap.com/letterboxd-social-media-platform-film-fans/ |archive-date=6 June 2023 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |work=TheWrap}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' noted that "[w]hat rises to the top of the site’s page for most popular reviews ranges wildly: There are obscure memes, diaristic essays and sprawling screeds packed with pseudo-academic jargon," but added that "the lack of rules or structure can also lead to some interesting, unconventional criticism, and offers a platform to voices that might otherwise not be heard."<ref name=":0" /> The site has been praised for its comparative and competitive pressures, as well as its roles in facilitating genuine connections centered on shared interests; fostering exploration across cinema genres and eras; challenging gatekeeping in the film community; and connecting like-minded individuals within digital communities. The site has been criticized for [[Gamification|gamifying]] the act of watching films and boosting sardonic [[capsule review|one-line reviews]] over more in-depth assessments.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Tran |first=Lea |date=2024-03-06 |title=Letterboxd: Leaving traditional social media for ‘reel’ this time |url=https://dailyfreepress.com/2024/03/06/letterboxd-leaving-traditional-social-media-for-reel-this-time/ |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=The Daily Free Press |language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Troughton |first=James |date=2024-01-06 |title=Stop Complaining About Dumb Letterboxd Reviews |url=https://www.thegamer.com/stop-complaining-about-dumb-letterboxd-reviews/ |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=TheGamer |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Nast |first=Condé |date=2024-02-29 |title=Why everyone you know is suddenly a Letterboxd head |url=https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/why-everyone-loves-letterboxd |access-date=2024-04-15 |website=British GQ |language=en-GB}}</ref>

In recent years, Letterboxd has also attracted [[Cinema of the United States|Hollywood]] celebrities and notable members of the film industry to the site. When actress [[Iman Vellani]] was cast as [[Kamala Khan (Marvel Cinematic Universe)|Kamala Khan]] in ''[[Ms. Marvel (miniseries)|Ms. Marvel]]'', fans quickly found her Letterboxd account<ref>{{Cite web |last=Chand |first=Neeraj |date=2020-10-02 |title=Captain Marvel Got a Bad Review from Ms. Marvel Star Iman Vellani |url=https://movieweb.com/captain-marvel-negative-review-iman-vellani-ms-marvel/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=MovieWeb |language=en}}</ref> and some of her reviews went viral, particularly her review of ''[[Captain Marvel (film)|Captain Marvel]].''<ref>{{Cite web |title=A ★★ review of Captain Marvel (2019) |url=https://letterboxd.com/iman_vell/film/captain-marvel/ |access-date=2024-04-08 |website=Letterboxd |language=en}}</ref> Director [[Martin Scorsese]] opened a Letterboxd account in October 2023 and quickly became the most-followed user on the site;<ref>{{Cite web |last=Taylor |first=Josh |date=2023-10-28 |title=Martin Scorsese joins Letterboxd and instantly becomes most followed account of all time |url=https://www.dexerto.com/tv-movies/martin-scorsese-joins-letterboxd-and-instantly-becomes-most-followed-account-of-all-time-2357395/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Dexerto |language=en}}</ref> as of June 2024, he has over 350,000 followers.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Martin Scorsese’s profile |url=https://letterboxd.com/mscorsese/ |access-date=2024-06-08 |website=Letterboxd |language=en}}</ref> Other filmmakers and actors on Letterboxd include [[Mike Flanagan (filmmaker)|Mike Flanagan]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-26 |title=Mike Flanagan’s profile |url=https://letterboxd.com/flanaganfilm/ |access-date=2024-02-26 |website=Letterboxd |language=en}}</ref> [[Rian Johnson]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnson |first=Rian |date=2020-05-23 |title=Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/rianjohnson/status/1242271248740057089 |website=Twitter}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=rcjohnso’s profile |url=https://letterboxd.com/rcjohnso/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Letterboxd |language=en}}</ref> [[Christopher McQuarrie]],<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christopher McQuarrie’s profile |url=https://letterboxd.com/chrismcquarrie/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Letterboxd |language=en}}</ref> [[Ayo Edebiri]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-02-07 |title=Ayo Edebiri’s profile |url=https://letterboxd.com/fumilayo/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Letterboxd |language=en}}</ref> [[Sean Baker (filmmaker)|Sean Baker]],<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-25 |title=Sean Baker’s profile |url=https://letterboxd.com/lilfilm/ |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=Letterboxd |language=en}}</ref> and [[Edgar Wright|Edgar Wright.]]<ref>{{Cite web |last=Wright |first=Edgar |date=2024-03-03 |title=Twitter |url=https://twitter.com/edgarwright/status/1764473989139963977 |access-date=2024-05-27 |website=Twitter}}</ref> Letterboxd's marketing team also frequently interviews Hollywood celebrities about their four favorite films, based on the Letterboxd feature that allows users to publicly display their own favorite movies on their user profiles.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-09 |title=Emma Stone shares her four favorite films in great detail |url=https://letterboxd.com/crew/story/emma-stone-shares-her-four-favorite-films/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=letterboxd.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-01-26 |title=Boots Riley shares his four favorite films |url=https://letterboxd.com/crew/story/boots-riley-shares-his-four-favorite-films/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=letterboxd.com |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-21 |title=Zack Snyder shares his four favorite films |url=https://letterboxd.com/crew/story/zack-snyder-shares-his-four-favorite-films/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=letterboxd.com |language=en}}</ref>

In March 2024, Letterboxd disclosed that it had suffered a data breach the previous February via a compromised staff account. The company said that the breaching party had accessed "significantly less than 1% of all accounts."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Letterboxd Security Notice: March 2024 - Letterboxd |url=https://deal.town/letterboxd/letterboxd-security-notice-march-2024-F34PMWQNE |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=deal.town |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Rodger |first=James |date=2024-03-15 |title=Letterboxd issues urgent warning to users and says 'check accounts' now |url=https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/whats-on/film-news/letterboxd-issues-urgent-warning-users-28823866 |access-date=2024-03-16 |website=Birmingham Live |language=en}}</ref>


== Features ==
== Features ==
⚫
Anyone can read content on the site. An account is required for users who want to participate. All members can rate films, review films, and tag them with relevant keywords. Ratings follow the [[star (classification)|five-star system]], with half-stars also allowed. They may also maintain lists of films they have watched or want to watch, and interact with other members. A follower model enables members to follow and get updates about the activity of others on the site. Lists could originally only be made public or private to the user. In April 2023, finer controls were added which allowed sharing a list with specific users via a secret link.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-14 |title=Between Us: private list sharing comes to Letterboxd • Journal • A Letterboxd Magazine |url=https://letterboxd.com/journal/between-us-private-lists-sharing/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=letterboxd.com |language=en |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818075727/https://letterboxd.com/journal/between-us-private-lists-sharing/ |url-status=live }}</ref>


=== General features ===
⚫
Letterboxd is available as a [[mobile app]] for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] and [[iOS]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/15/letterboxd-launches-its-movie-social-network-on-the-iphone/|title=Letterboxd launches its movie social network on the iPhone|work=TechCrunch|access-date=16 October 2018|archive-date=17 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017043048/https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/15/letterboxd-launches-its-movie-social-network-on-the-iphone/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.letterboxd.com/post/164747857138/android|title=Letterboxd News|website=Letterboxd News|date=30 August 2017|access-date=17 October 2018|archive-date=1 September 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901201736/http://news.letterboxd.com/post/164747857138/android|url-status=live}}</ref>
Anyone can read content on the site. However, users who want to participate must create a Letterboxd account.

⚫
All members can rate films on a scale of one to five stars (with half-stars also allowed), review films, and tag them with relevant keywords. Members may also list their four favorite films, maintain lists of films they have watched or want to watch, and interact with other members. A follower model enables members to follow and get updates about the activity of others on the site. Lists could originally only be made public or private to the user. In April 2023, finer controls were added which allowed sharing a list with specific users via a secret link.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-14 |title=Between Us: private list sharing comes to Letterboxd • Journal • A Letterboxd Magazine |url=https://letterboxd.com/journal/between-us-private-lists-sharing/ |access-date=2023-08-18 |website=letterboxd.com |language=en |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818075727/https://letterboxd.com/journal/between-us-private-lists-sharing/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

In December 2023, Letterboxd partnered with the aggregator Assemble to launch a feature identifying showtimes and links to ticketing websites for movies that were currently in theaters.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Weprin |first=Alex |date=2023-12-13 |title=Letterboxd Adds Film Showtimes in Push to Get Users to Movie Theaters (Exclusive) |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/digital/letterboxd-adds-film-showtimes-movie-theaters-1235745711/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=The Hollywood Reporter |language=en-US}}</ref> The feature applies to movie theaters in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Gracewood |first=Gemma |date=2023-12-14 |title=Now Showing: cinema showtimes come to Patron members, with a wider launch on Christmas Eve • Journal • A Letterboxd Magazine |url=https://letterboxd.com/journal/now-showing/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Letterboxd |language=en}}</ref>

⚫
Letterboxd is available as a [[mobile app]] for [[Android (operating system)|Android]] and [[iOS]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Dillet |first=Romain |date=2016-03-15 |title=Letterboxd launches its movie social network on the iPhone |url=https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/15/letterboxd-launches-its-movie-social-network-on-the-iphone/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017043048/https://techcrunch.com/2016/03/15/letterboxd-launches-its-movie-social-network-on-the-iphone/ |archive-date=17 October 2018 |access-date=16 October 2018 |work=TechCrunch}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Buchanan |first=Matthew |date=30 August 2017 |title=Android. |url=http://news.letterboxd.com/post/164747857138/android |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901201736/http://news.letterboxd.com/post/164747857138/android |archive-date=1 September 2017 |access-date=17 October 2018 |website=Letterboxd}}</ref>

=== Paid membership features ===
Since opening to the public in February 2013, Letterboxd has offered a [[Tiered service|tiered membership structure]], with both free and paid memberships.<ref>{{Cite web |date=8 February 2013 |title=Pro. |url=https://news.letterboxd.com/post/42543441137/pro |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190726013438/https://news.letterboxd.com/post/42543441137/pro |archive-date=26 July 2019 |access-date=26 July 2019 |website=Letterboxd News}}</ref> Paid subscribers can access a broader range of features, including individual user data (such as hours spent watching films, favorite directors, and types of ratings given)<ref name=":1" /> and a tool that identifies whether a film is available on a streaming service to which the user has a subscription.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Paid subscriptions |url=https://letterboxd.com/about/pro/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Letterboxd |language=en}}</ref>

In September 2020, Letterboxd announced a new "HQ" membership type for film-related organizations, such as movie theaters, studios, festivals, and podcasts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2020 |title=Office Space. |url=https://news.letterboxd.com/post/629448004285448192/office-space-hq-tier |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201006124307/https://news.letterboxd.com/post/629448004285448192/office-space-hq-tier |archive-date=6 October 2020 |access-date=5 June 2021 |website=Letterboxd News}}</ref> HQ members can post news stories, link to external websites, and access web analytics.<ref>{{Cite web |title=HQ membership |url=https://letterboxd.com/about/hq/ |access-date=2024-02-08 |website=Letterboxd |language=en}}</ref>


==Film data==
==Film data==
All film-related [[metadata]] used on the website is supplied by [[The Movie Database]] (TMDB), an [[open source]] database.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvzama/letterboxd-welcomes-porn-reviews|title=Letterboxd Welcomes Porn Reviews|last=Cole|first=Samantha|work=[[Vice.com]]|date=17 August 2021|accessdate=21 September 2022|archive-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817194546/https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvzama/letterboxd-welcomes-porn-reviews|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2019, the site partnered with JustWatch to display online viewing options for films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lamag.com/culturefiles/letterboxd/|title=How Letterboxd Is Trying to Get an Edge Over Other Movie Apps|last=Stuart|first=Gwynedd|date=8 November 2019|website=Los Angeles Magazine|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-date=8 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108112752/https://www.lamag.com/culturefiles/letterboxd/|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2022, the site partnered with Nanocrowd to show "nanogenres" and recommendations for similar films to users.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nanocrowd.com/nanocrowd-letterboxd/|title=Nanocrowd and Letterboxd Help You Find Movies and Series You'll Love to Watch|last=March|first=Roderic|date=1 March 2022|website=Nanocrowd|access-date=28 October 2022|archive-date=2 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302051230/https://nanocrowd.com/nanocrowd-letterboxd/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://letterboxd.com/journal/film-feelings-nanogenres/|title=Film Feelings: using 'nanogenres' to find similar films|last=Gracewood|first=Gemma|date=15 March 2022|website=Letterboxd|access-date=28 October 2022|archive-date=16 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316090808/https://letterboxd.com/journal/film-feelings-nanogenres/|url-status=live}}</ref>
All film-related [[metadata]] used on the website is supplied by The Movie Database, an [[open source]] database.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvzama/letterboxd-welcomes-porn-reviews|title=Letterboxd Welcomes Porn Reviews|last=Cole|first=Samantha|work=[[Vice.com]]|date=17 August 2021|accessdate=21 September 2022|archive-date=17 August 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210817194546/https://www.vice.com/en/article/bvzama/letterboxd-welcomes-porn-reviews|url-status=live}}</ref> In September 2019, the site partnered with JustWatch to display online viewing options for films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.lamag.com/culturefiles/letterboxd/|title=How Letterboxd Is Trying to Get an Edge Over Other Movie Apps|last=Stuart|first=Gwynedd|date=8 November 2019|website=Los Angeles Magazine|access-date=10 November 2019|archive-date=8 November 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191108112752/https://www.lamag.com/culturefiles/letterboxd/|url-status=live}}</ref> In March 2022, the site partnered with Nanocrowd to show "nanogenres" and recommendations for similar films to users.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nanocrowd.com/nanocrowd-letterboxd/|title=Nanocrowd and Letterboxd Help You Find Movies and Series You'll Love to Watch|last=March|first=Roderic|date=1 March 2022|website=Nanocrowd|access-date=28 October 2022|archive-date=2 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302051230/https://nanocrowd.com/nanocrowd-letterboxd/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://letterboxd.com/journal/film-feelings-nanogenres/|title=Film Feelings: using 'nanogenres' to find similar films|last=Gracewood|first=Gemma|date=15 March 2022|website=Letterboxd|access-date=28 October 2022|archive-date=16 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316090808/https://letterboxd.com/journal/film-feelings-nanogenres/|url-status=live}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
Line 46: Line 72:


== External links ==
== External links ==
*{{Official website}}
*[https://letterboxd.com/ Official website]


{{Online social networking}}
{{Authority control}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:2011 establishments in New Zealand]]
[[Category:2011 establishments in New Zealand]]
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[[Category:2023 mergers and acquisitions]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2011]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2011]]
[[Category:New Zealand film websites]]
[[Category:New Zealand film websites]]
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[[Category:Online film databases]]
[[Category:Online film databases]]
[[Category:Social cataloging applications]]
[[Category:Social cataloging applications]]
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[[Category:2023 mergers and acquisitions]]

Revision as of 19:27, 18 June 2024

Not to be confused with Letter Boxed.

Letterboxd
Type of site
Social cataloging application for films
Available inEnglish
HeadquartersAuckland, New Zealand
OwnerTiny (60%)
Founder(s)
  • Matthew Buchanan
  • Karl von Randow
Key peopleGemma Gracewood (editor-in-chief)
URLletterboxd.com
CommercialYes
RegistrationOptional to view; required to use
Users10 million (September 2023)
LaunchedOctober 2011; 12 years ago (2011-10)
Current statusActive

Letterboxd (/ˈlɛtərbɒkst/ LEH-tər-bokst) is a New Zealand online social cataloging service founded by Matthew Buchanan and Karl von Randow in 2011. It advertises itself as "Goodreads for film." Members can rate and review films, keep track of what films they have seen in the past and when, make lists of films, showcase their favorite films, tag films using text keywords, and interact with other cinephiles.

Letterboxd's popularity spiked during the COVID-19 pandemic. It had over 12 million registered users as of February 2024. Although the website is generally limited to films, its leadership intends to add television shows in the future.

History

Development

Seeking to develop a "Goodreads for film," web designers Matthew Buchanan and Karl von Randow launched a private version of the Letterboxd website at the Brooklyn Beta web conference in October 2011.[1][2] The name "Letterboxd" is an allusion to letterboxing, the practice of placing black bars on the edges of a screen to preserve a movie's original aspect ratio.[3] Buchanan and von Randow launched an invitation-only beta version on 24 April 2012[4][5] and opened the site to the general public on 8 February 2013.[6] Until March 2020, Letterboxd did not employ any full-time personnel.[7] In September 2023, the company had 16 full-time and 12 part-time employees.[8]

In September 2023, Canadian investment company Tiny acquired a 60% majority stake in Letterboxd, valuing the company at around $50–60 million. Buchanan and von Randow continue to lead the company.[9]

Upon its acquisition, Letterboxd concurrently announced that it intended to add television shows to the site.[8] (Due to Letterboxd's reliance on outside vendor The Movie Database for its list of extant films, limited-run series and a small number of recurring series have been loggable on the site for years.[3]) Buchanan acknowledged that the decision to add TV shows has been met with some controversy by the Letterboxd community, but assured users that the introduction of television to the platform will not disrupt the current user experience.[7]

Growth

In May 2017 (six years after launch), Letterboxd users collectively logged their 100 millionth film; they reached the 1 billion mark on 19 July 2022.[10] As of 29 March 2024, users have logged over 300 movies at least one million times each, and 18 movies at least three million times each.[11]

Letterboxd's userbase swelled during the COVID-19 pandemic. Its user count rose from 1.8 million in March 2020 to 3 million in January 2021,[1] 4.1 million in December 2021,[12] 10 million in September 2023,[8] and 12 million in February 2024.[13] In September 2020, film critic Scott Tobias called Letterboxd "the safest space for film discussion we've got."[14] Arthouse and classic film organizations such as the American Cinematheque reported that once movie theaters reopened, Letterboxd helped drive younger filmgoers to visit their programs.[15]

Six films have held the title of highest-rated narrative feature on Letterboxd: The Godfather, Parasite, Everything Everywhere All at Once, Come and See, Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse, and Harakiri.[16] Harakiri is the current title-holder as of April 2024.[17]

Reputation

The site has a reputation (both positive and negative) for attracting cinephiles and members of "Film Twitter."[1][18][19][20][21] An internal survey conducted in late 2022 showed that Letterboxd users, on average, watched more movies and spent more money on movies than general moviegoers.[22] The New York Times noted that "[w]hat rises to the top of the site’s page for most popular reviews ranges wildly: There are obscure memes, diaristic essays and sprawling screeds packed with pseudo-academic jargon," but added that "the lack of rules or structure can also lead to some interesting, unconventional criticism, and offers a platform to voices that might otherwise not be heard."[1] The site has been praised for its comparative and competitive pressures, as well as its roles in facilitating genuine connections centered on shared interests; fostering exploration across cinema genres and eras; challenging gatekeeping in the film community; and connecting like-minded individuals within digital communities. The site has been criticized for gamifying the act of watching films and boosting sardonic one-line reviews over more in-depth assessments.[23][24][25]

In recent years, Letterboxd has also attracted Hollywood celebrities and notable members of the film industry to the site. When actress Iman Vellani was cast as Kamala Khan in Ms. Marvel, fans quickly found her Letterboxd account[26] and some of her reviews went viral, particularly her review of Captain Marvel.[27] Director Martin Scorsese opened a Letterboxd account in October 2023 and quickly became the most-followed user on the site;[28] as of June 2024, he has over 350,000 followers.[29] Other filmmakers and actors on Letterboxd include Mike Flanagan,[30] Rian Johnson,[31][32] Christopher McQuarrie,[33] Ayo Edebiri,[34] Sean Baker,[35] and Edgar Wright.[36] Letterboxd's marketing team also frequently interviews Hollywood celebrities about their four favorite films, based on the Letterboxd feature that allows users to publicly display their own favorite movies on their user profiles.[37][38][39]

In March 2024, Letterboxd disclosed that it had suffered a data breach the previous February via a compromised staff account. The company said that the breaching party had accessed "significantly less than 1% of all accounts."[40][41]

Features

General features

Anyone can read content on the site. However, users who want to participate must create a Letterboxd account.

All members can rate films on a scale of one to five stars (with half-stars also allowed), review films, and tag them with relevant keywords. Members may also list their four favorite films, maintain lists of films they have watched or want to watch, and interact with other members. A follower model enables members to follow and get updates about the activity of others on the site. Lists could originally only be made public or private to the user. In April 2023, finer controls were added which allowed sharing a list with specific users via a secret link.[42]

In December 2023, Letterboxd partnered with the aggregator Assemble to launch a feature identifying showtimes and links to ticketing websites for movies that were currently in theaters.[43] The feature applies to movie theaters in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Ireland, New Zealand, and Australia.[44]

Letterboxd is available as a mobile app for Android and iOS.[45][46]

Since opening to the public in February 2013, Letterboxd has offered a tiered membership structure, with both free and paid memberships.[47] Paid subscribers can access a broader range of features, including individual user data (such as hours spent watching films, favorite directors, and types of ratings given)[14] and a tool that identifies whether a film is available on a streaming service to which the user has a subscription.[48]

In September 2020, Letterboxd announced a new "HQ" membership type for film-related organizations, such as movie theaters, studios, festivals, and podcasts.[49] HQ members can post news stories, link to external websites, and access web analytics.[50]

Film data

All film-related metadata used on the website is supplied by The Movie Database, an open source database.[51] In September 2019, the site partnered with JustWatch to display online viewing options for films.[52] In March 2022, the site partnered with Nanocrowd to show "nanogenres" and recommendations for similar films to users.[53][54]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Marsh, Calum (13 January 2021). "Is Letterboxd Becoming a Blockbuster?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  2. ^ "Brooklyn Beta 2011". Brooklyn Beta. Archived from the original on 9 April 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Frequent questions". Letterboxd. Retrieved 8 February 2024.
  4. ^ "Letterboxd: Social website for film fans launches - latimes.com". 28 April 2012. Archived from the original on 28 April 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
  5. ^ Chapman, Glen (14 March 2012). "What on earth is Letterboxd?". Den of Geek. Archived from the original on 17 October 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2018.
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External links

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