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==The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (Geneva)==
==The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (Geneva)==
The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC) was formally established in August 1922<ref>{{Cite journal | volume = | issue = 2| last = Grandjean| first = Martin| title = Analisi e visualizzazioni delle reti in storia. L'esempio della cooperazione intellettuale della Società delle Nazioni | journal = Memoria e Ricerca | date = 2017| pages = 371-393| url = https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.14647/87204 | doi = 10.14647/87204}} See also: [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01610098v2 French version] (PDF) and [http://www.martingrandjean.ch/complex-structures-and-international-organizations/ English summary].</ref>. Having started out with 12 members, its membership later grew to 19 individuals. The first session was held on August 1st 1922, under the chairmanship of [[Henri Bergson]]; its work continued until 1939. During its lifetime, the committee attracted a variety of prominent members, for instance [[Albert Einstein]], [[Marie Curie]], [[Kristine Bonnevie]], [[Jules Destrée]], [[Robert Andrews Millikan]], [[Alfredo Rocco]], [[Paul Painlevé]], [[Gonzague de Reynold]] and [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]. Einstein resigned in 1923, protesting publicly the committee's inefficacy; he rejoined in 1924 to mitigate the use German chauvinists made of his resignation.<ref>Albert Einstein, ''Ideas and Opinions'' (New York: Bonanza/Crown, 1954), p. 84.</ref>. The body was successively chaired by:
The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC) was formally established in August 1922<ref>{{Cite journal | volume = | issue = 2| last = Grandjean| first = Martin| title = Analisi e visualizzazioni delle reti in storia. L'esempio della cooperazione intellettuale della Società delle Nazioni | journal = Memoria e Ricerca | date = 2017| pages = 371-393| url = https://www.rivisteweb.it/doi/10.14647/87204 | doi = 10.14647/87204}} See also: [https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01610098v2 French version] (PDF) and [http://www.martingrandjean.ch/complex-structures-and-international-organizations/ English summary].</ref>. Having started out with 12 members, its membership later grew to 19 individuals. The first session was held on August 1st 1922, under the chairmanship of [[Henri Bergson]]. During its lifetime, the committee attracted a variety of prominent members, for instance [[Albert Einstein]], [[Marie Curie]], [[Kristine Bonnevie]], [[Jules Destrée]], [[Robert Andrews Millikan]], [[Alfredo Rocco]], [[Paul Painlevé]], [[Gonzague de Reynold]] and [[Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]. Einstein resigned in 1923, protesting publicly the committee's inefficacy; he rejoined in 1924 to mitigate the use German chauvinists made of his resignation.<ref>Albert Einstein, ''Ideas and Opinions'' (New York: Bonanza/Crown, 1954), p. 84.</ref>. The body was successively chaired by:
* [[Henri Bergson]] (1922–1925)
* [[Henri Bergson]] (1922–1925)
* [[Hendrik Lorentz]] (1925–1928)
* [[Hendrik Lorentz]] (1925–1928)

Revision as of 16:54, 15 November 2017

International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation
1922–1946
StatusInternational organization
CapitalGeneva
Historical eraInterwar period
• Creation
1922
• Dissolution
1946
 Succeeded by
UNESCO
ICIC Archives in Geneva[1]

The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (sometimes League of Nations Committee on Intellectual Cooperation) was an advisory organization for the League of Nations which aimed to promote international exchange between scientists, researchers, teachers, artists and intellectuals.[2][3][4] It was established in 1922, and counted such distinguished figures as Henri Bergson, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie and Robert A. Millikan among its members.[5][6][7][8]

The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (Geneva)

The International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation (ICIC) was formally established in August 1922[9]. Having started out with 12 members, its membership later grew to 19 individuals. The first session was held on August 1st 1922, under the chairmanship of Henri Bergson. During its lifetime, the committee attracted a variety of prominent members, for instance Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Kristine Bonnevie, Jules Destrée, Robert Andrews Millikan, Alfredo Rocco, Paul Painlevé, Gonzague de Reynold and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. Einstein resigned in 1923, protesting publicly the committee's inefficacy; he rejoined in 1924 to mitigate the use German chauvinists made of his resignation.[10]. The body was successively chaired by:

The ICIC maintained a number of sub-committees (e.g. Museums, Arts and Letters, Intellectual Rights or Bibliography) which also worked with figures such as Béla Bartók, Thomas Mann, Salvador de Madariaga and Paul Valéry.

The ICIC worked closely with the International Educational Cinematographic Institute (Istituto Internazionale del Cinema Educatore) created in Rome in 1928 by the Italian government under Mussolini.

The last session took place in 1939, but the ICIC was only formally dissolved in 1946, like the League of Nations.

  • ICIC Plenary session (date unknown, between 1924 and 1927).
    ICIC Plenary session (date unknown, between 1924 and 1927).
  • Henri Bergson (ICIC president) to Inazo Nitobe (International Bureaux Section director), 1924.[11]
    Henri Bergson (ICIC president) to Inazo Nitobe (International Bureaux Section director), 1924.[11]
  • ICIC Plenary session 1939.
    ICIC Plenary session 1939.
  • The Palais Wilson (Geneva), seat of the LoN and the ICIC between 1922 and 1937.
    The Palais Wilson (Geneva), seat of the LoN and the ICIC between 1922 and 1937.

The International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (Paris)

A side of the Palais-Royal (Paris), where the IIIC was installed in 1926.

In order to support the work of the commission in Geneva, the organization was offered assistance from France to establish an executive branch, the International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation (IIIC), in Paris in 1926.[7] However, the IIIC had an autonomous status. It maintained relations with the League's member states, which established national commissions for intellectual cooperation and appointed delegates to represent their interests at the Institute in Paris. While being an international organisation, each of the IIIC's three successive directors was French:

From 1926 to 1930, Alfred Zimmern – the well-known British classicist and a pioneering figure in the discipline of international relations – served as the IIIC's Deputy Director.

As a result of the Second World War, the Institute was closed from 1940 to 1944. It re-opened briefly from 1945 to 1946. When it closed for good in 1946, UNESCO inherited its archives and some parts of its mission.[12][13]

References

  1. ^ League of Nations archives, United Nations Office in Geneva. With a network Visualization of the ICIC archives, showing thousands of documents exchanged between the plenary committee, its secretary, national commissions and experts. Grandjean, Martin (2014). "La connaissance est un réseau". Les Cahiers du Numérique. 10 (3): 37–54. doi:10.3166/lcn.10.3.37-54. (PDF), Grandjean, Martin (2015). "Introduction à la visualisation de données : l'analyse de réseau en histoire". Geschichte und Informatik. 18/19: 109–128.
  2. ^ Grandjean, Martin (2016). "Social Network Analysis of the League of Nations' Intellectual Cooperation, an Historical Distant Reading". DH Benelux.
  3. ^ Iriye, Akira (2002). Global Community: The Role of International Organizations in the Making of the Contemporary World. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0520231279.
  4. ^ Laqua, Daniel (2011). "Transnational Intellectual Cooperation, the League of Nations, and the Problem of Order" (PDF). Journal of Global History. 6 (2): 223–247.
  5. ^ Pernet, Corinne (2014). "Twists, Turns, and Dead Alleys: The League of Nations and Intellectual Cooperation in Times of War". Journal of Modern European History. 12 (3): 342–358.
  6. ^ Grandjean, Martin (2016). Archives Distant Reading: Mapping the Activity of the League of Nations’ Intellectual Cooperation. In Digital Humanities 2016: Jagiellonian University & Pedagogical University, Kraków, pp. 531-534.
  7. ^ a b Intellectual Cooperation and International Bureaux Section, United Nations Office in Geneva
  8. ^ Grandjean, Martin (2014). "Intellectual Cooperation: multi-level network analysis of an international organization". Historical Network Research Conference. doi:10.13140/2.1.2069.6329.
  9. ^ Grandjean, Martin (2017). "Analisi e visualizzazioni delle reti in storia. L'esempio della cooperazione intellettuale della Società delle Nazioni". Memoria e Ricerca (2): 371–393. doi:10.14647/87204. See also: French version (PDF) and English summary.
  10. ^ Albert Einstein, Ideas and Opinions (New York: Bonanza/Crown, 1954), p. 84.
  11. ^ LoN archives 1924, United Nations Offices in Geneva. Picture from this collection.
  12. ^ "UNESCO Archives". Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  13. ^ Renoliet, Jean-Jacques (1999). L’UNESCO oubliée : l'Organisation de Coopération Intellectuelle (1921–1946). Template:Fr icon
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