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{{Short description|Chinese politician (1876–1935)}}
{{unreferenced|date=April 2012}}
{{refimprove|date=August 2023}}
{{Infobox Officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Hé Shuheng<br/>何叔衡
| name = He Shuheng<br/>{{lang|zh-hans-CN|何叔衡}}
|image = HeShuHeng.jpg
| image = HeShuHeng.jpg
|caption = Hé Shuheng in young age
⚫
| caption =
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1876|5|7|df=y}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1876|5|7|df=y}}
|birth_place = [[Ningxiang]], Hunan, [[Qing Dynasty|China]]
| birth_place = [[Ningxiang]], [[Hunan]], [[Qing Dynasty|China]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1935|2|24|1876|5|7|df=y}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1935|2|24|1876|5|7|df=y}}
|death_place = Changting,Fujian, China
| death_place = [[Changting County|Changting]], [[Fujian]], [[China]]
⚫
|nationality = Chinese
| death_cause = Executed by the [[Kuomintang]]
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|party = [[Communist Party of China]]
⚫
| nationality = Chinese
⚫
| party = [[Chinese Communist Party]]
| alma_mater = [[Hunan First Normal University]]
| module = {{infobox Chinese
| child = yes
| s = 何叔衡
| t = 何叔衡
| p = Hé Shū Héng
| w =
| mi =
| y =
| j =
| order = st}}
}}
}}
{{Contains Chinese text}}
{{Infobox Chinese|s=何叔衡|t=何叔衡|p=Hé Shūhéng|w=He chu'hen|myr|He chu heng|order=st}}


{{family name hatnote|[[He (surname)|He]]|lang=Chinese}}
'''Hé Shuheng''' (1876-1935)(何叔衡) was a [[proletarian]] revolutionary in modern China. His hometown was [[Ningxiang]] in [[Hu-nan|Hu Nan]] province of China. He won the 'scholar of Qing Dynasty' from Hunan provincial first normal school. He was a foundation member of the Xinmin Society (a revolutionist group ). He also was a member of the Changsha Communist Group.

'''He Shuheng''' ({{zh|c=何叔衡}}; 7 May 1876 – 24 February 1935) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, born in [[Ningxiang]], [[Hunan]] province.


==Biography==
==Biography==


In 1914, Hé Shuheng made the acquaintance of Mao Zedong(Chairman Mao) and became the best of friends in Changsha，Hunan. Someone heart about they were classmate in the first Hunan Normal University.
In 1914, He made acquaintance with [[Mao Zedong]] while at [[Hunan Normal University]], and the two would eventually become close friends. In April, 1918, He and Mao founded the Xinmin Society. In 1920, the two friends also launched the Russian Study Institute.


⚫
In July, 1921, He and Mao traveled to Shanghai to attended the [[1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party]], as representatives of Changsha. After the congress, He became a member of the CCP's Hunan committee. During the first cooperation between the [[Kuomintang]] (KMT) and the CCP, He was a member of the KMT's executive committee and the supervision committee of the KMT's local party in Hunan. In 1927, He went to Shanghai. After the [[Shanghai massacre]], He secretly established a print factory for the CCP in Changsha.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
In April, 1918, Hé and Mao organized the Xinmin Institute in Changsha and acted as the official of the executive committee.


⚫
In April 1928, He went to Russia to attend the [[6th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party]]. He then entered [[Moscow Sun Yat-sen University]], where his classmates included fellow party members [[Xu Teli]], [[Wu Yuzhang]], [[Dong Biwu]], and [[Lin Boqu]].
In 1920, Hé launched into the organization of the Russian Study Institute with Mao Zedong, and they founded the early organization of the Communist Party of China together.


In July 1930, He went back to China, and took charge of the National Huji Institute and organized the rescue and transfer to safe places of arrested communists.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
⚫
In July, 1921, Hé attended the first National Congress of the CPC in Shanghai. After the congress, Hé was a member of the CPC’s Hunan committee. During the first cooperation between KMT and CPC, Hé was a member of the KMT’s executive committee and supervision committee of the KMT's local party in Hunan. In 1927, Hé went to Shanghai and established the print factory secretly for the CPC, after the May 21st Incident in Changsha.


In the fall of 1931, He was elected to key posts in the [[Jiangxi Soviet]]. Later, with his appointment arranged by Mao Zedong, he served as a member of the People's Committee of the [[Chinese Soviet Republic]] as a secretary of worker-peasant inspection. However, he was dismissed from this position because he was targeted for criticism on the context of the campaign against the "Luo Ming Line" launched by [[Bo Gu]].<ref name="How The Red Sun Rose">{{cite book|last1=Gao|first1=Hua|title=How the Red Sun Rose: The Origins and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930–1945|date=2018|publisher=Chinese University of Hong Kong Press|isbn=9789629968229}}</ref>{{rp|84}}
⚫
Hé went to Russia to attend the Sixth National Congress of the CPC in April 1928. Hé enter into Moscow Sun Yat-sen University,and studied in a special class with Xu Teli, Wu Yuzhang, Dong Biwu, Lin Boqu in September.


Instead of taking part in the [[Long March]], however, He chose to stay behind in the south and engage in guerilla fighting. On February 24, 1935, He was surrounded and killed by Kuomintang troops in Changting, Fujian.{{cn|date=August 2023}}
After Hé went back to China in July 1930,Hé took charge of the national huji institute and organized to rescue the arrested comrades, to transfer the exposure identity comrades to the safe place.


⚫
== References ==
Hé accepted the order to enter the Central Revolutionary Base.Hé and Mao were leaders of the Chinese Worker's and Peasant's Democratic Government.
{{Reflist}}


⚫
{{Commons category|He Shuheng}}
==Establishment of the Communist Party of China==
{{Authority control}}
In 1920 Li Dazhao met [[Comintern]] Russian agent G.N. Voitinsky.
Location of the first Congress of the Communist Party of China in July 1921, in Xintiandi, former French Concession, [[Shanghai]].


[[Marxist]] ideas started to spread widely in China after the 1919 [[May Fourth Movement]]. In June 1920, Comintern agent Grigori Voitinsky was sent to China, and met Li Dazhao and other reformers. He financed the founding of the Socialist Youth Corps. The Communist Party of China was initially founded by Chen Duxiu and Li Dazhao in the French concession of Shanghai in 1921 as a study society and an informal network.

There were informal groups in China in 1920, and also overseas, but the official beginning was the 1st Congress held in Shanghai and attended by 53 men in July 1921 and later transferred from Shanghai to [[Jiaxing]]. The birth of the party was declared here in a boat on South Lake. It is therefore considered by the Chinese to be one of the most important historical places of the revolution.

The formal and unified name Zhōngguó Gòngchǎn Dǎng (Chinese Communist Party) was adopted and all other names of communist groups were dropped and the final agenda was carried out. The key players were Li Dazhao, Chen Duxiu, Chen Gongbo, Tan Pingshan, Zhang Guotao, He Mengxiong, Lou Zhanglong and Deng Zhongxia. [[Mao Zedong]] was present at the first congress as one of two delegates from a Hunan communist group. Other attendees included Dong Biwu, Li Hanjun, Li Da, Chen Tanqiu, Liu Renjing, Zhou Fohai, '''He Shuheng''', Deng Enming, and two representatives from the Comintern, one of them being Henk Sneevliet (also known by the single name 'Maring'). Notably absent at this early point were future leaders Li Lisan and Qu Qiubai.

⚫
==References==
⚫
{{Commons category}}
* ''Original text based on [[:zh:何叔衡|何叔衡]] in chinese Wikipedia.''

{{Persondata
⚫
| NAME = He, Shuheng
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 7 May 1876
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Ningxiang]], Hunan, [[Qing Dynasty|China]]
| DATE OF DEATH = 24 February 1935
| PLACE OF DEATH = Changting,Fujian, China
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:He, Shuheng}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:He, Shuheng}}
⚫
[[Category:Chinese communists]]
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1876 births]]
[[Category:1935 deaths]]
[[Category:1935 deaths]]
⚫
[[Category:Chinese communists]]
[[Category:Chinese revolutionaries]]
[[Category:Chinese Communist Party politicians from Hunan]]
[[Category:Delegates to the 1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party]]
[[Category:Hunan First Normal University alumni]]
[[Category:Moscow Sun Yat-sen University alumni]]
[[Category:People from Ningxiang]]
[[Category:Politicians from Changsha]]
[[Category:Republic of China politicians from Hunan]]

Latest revision as of 06:02, 24 January 2024

He Shuheng
何叔衡
Personal details
Born(1876-05-07)7 May 1876
Ningxiang, Hunan, China
Died24 February 1935(1935-02-24) (aged 58)
Changting, Fujian, China
Cause of deathExecuted by the Kuomintang
Political partyChinese Communist Party
Alma materHunan First Normal University
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese何叔衡
Traditional Chinese何叔衡
In this Chinese name, the family name is He.

He Shuheng (Chinese: 何叔衡; 7 May 1876 – 24 February 1935) was a Chinese Communist revolutionary, born in Ningxiang, Hunan province.

Biography[edit]

In 1914, He made acquaintance with Mao Zedong while at Hunan Normal University, and the two would eventually become close friends. In April, 1918, He and Mao founded the Xinmin Society. In 1920, the two friends also launched the Russian Study Institute.

In July, 1921, He and Mao traveled to Shanghai to attended the 1st National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, as representatives of Changsha. After the congress, He became a member of the CCP's Hunan committee. During the first cooperation between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the CCP, He was a member of the KMT's executive committee and the supervision committee of the KMT's local party in Hunan. In 1927, He went to Shanghai. After the Shanghai massacre, He secretly established a print factory for the CCP in Changsha.[citation needed]

In April 1928, He went to Russia to attend the 6th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. He then entered Moscow Sun Yat-sen University, where his classmates included fellow party members Xu Teli, Wu Yuzhang, Dong Biwu, and Lin Boqu.

In July 1930, He went back to China, and took charge of the National Huji Institute and organized the rescue and transfer to safe places of arrested communists.[citation needed]

In the fall of 1931, He was elected to key posts in the Jiangxi Soviet. Later, with his appointment arranged by Mao Zedong, he served as a member of the People's Committee of the Chinese Soviet Republic as a secretary of worker-peasant inspection. However, he was dismissed from this position because he was targeted for criticism on the context of the campaign against the "Luo Ming Line" launched by Bo Gu.[1]: 84 

Instead of taking part in the Long March, however, He chose to stay behind in the south and engage in guerilla fighting. On February 24, 1935, He was surrounded and killed by Kuomintang troops in Changting, Fujian.[citation needed]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Gao, Hua (2018). How the Red Sun Rose: The Origins and Development of the Yan'an Rectification Movement, 1930–1945. Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. ISBN 9789629968229.
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