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{{Short description|American judge}}
{{Short description|American judge}}
{{Infobox judge
{{Infobox officeholder
| honorific-prefix =
| honorific-prefix =
| name = Clement Haynsworth
| name = Clement Haynsworth
| honorific-suffix =
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| image = Clement Haynsworth (cropped).jpg
| alt =
| alt =
| caption =
| caption = Haynsworth in 1973
| office = [[Senior status|Senior Judge]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]]
| office = [[Senior status|Senior Judge]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]]
| term_start = April 6, 1981
| term_start = April 6, 1981
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| birth_name = {{nowrap|Clement Furman Haynsworth Jr.}}
| birth_name = {{nowrap|Clement Furman Haynsworth Jr.}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1912|10|30}}
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1912|10|30}}
| birth_place = [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]], [[South Carolina]]
| birth_place = [[Greenville, South Carolina]], U.S.
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1989|11|22|1912|10|30}}
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1989|11|22|1912|10|30}}
| death_place = [[Greenville, South Carolina|Greenville]], [[South Carolina]]
| death_place = Greenville, South Carolina, U.S.
| death_cause =
| death_cause =
| resting_place =
| resting_place =
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| relatives =
| relatives =
| residence =
| residence =
| education = [[Furman University]] {{midsize|([[Bachelor of Arts|A.B.]])}}<br>[[Harvard Law School]] {{midsize|([[Bachelor of Laws|LL.B.]])}}
| education = [[Furman University]] ([[Bachelor of Arts|AB]])<br>[[Harvard Law School]] ([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])
| alma_mater =
| alma_mater =
| occupation =
| occupation =
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| signature_alt =
| signature_alt =
| website =
| website =
<!--Embedded templates / Footnotes-->
<!--Embedded templates/Footnotes-->
| footnotes =
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Clement Furman Haynsworth Jr.''' (October 30, 1912 – November 22, 1989) was a [[United States federal judge|United States Circuit Judge]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]] and an unsuccessful nominee for the [[United States Supreme Court]].
'''Clement Furman Haynsworth Jr.''' (October 30, 1912 – November 22, 1989) was a [[United States federal judge|United States circuit judge]] of the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]]. He was also an [[Unsuccessful nominations to the Supreme Court of the United States|unsuccessful nominee]] for the [[United States Supreme Court]] in 1969.


==Education and career==
==Education and career==
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==Federal judicial service==
==Federal judicial service==


Haynsworth was nominated by President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] on February 19, 1957, to a seat on the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]] vacated by Judge [[Armistead Mason Dobie]]. He was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on April 4, 1957, and received commission the same day. He served as Chief Judge and a member of the [[Judicial Conference of the United States]] from 1964 to 1981. He assumed [[senior status]] on April 6, 1981 until his death on November 22, 1989 in Greenville, South Carolina.<ref name="auto"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/23/obituaries/clement-haynsworth-dies-at-77-lost-struggle-for-high-court-seat.html|title=Clement Haynsworth Dies at 77; Lost Struggle for High Court Seat|last=Narvaez|first=Alfonso A.|date=1989-11-23|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-07-11|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>
Haynsworth was nominated by President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] on February 19, 1957, to a seat on the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit]] vacated by Judge [[Armistead Mason Dobie]]. He was confirmed by the [[United States Senate]] on April 4, 1957, and received commission the same day. He served as Chief Judge and a member of the [[Judicial Conference of the United States]] from 1964 to 1981. He assumed [[senior status]] on April 6, 1981, until his death on November 22, 1989, in Greenville, South Carolina.<ref name="auto"/><ref name=":0">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/23/obituaries/clement-haynsworth-dies-at-77-lost-struggle-for-high-court-seat.html|title=Clement Haynsworth Dies at 77; Lost Struggle for High Court Seat|last=Narvaez|first=Alfonso A.|date=1989-11-23|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-07-11|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


==Unsuccessful Supreme Court nomination==
==Unsuccessful Supreme Court nomination==
[[File:New Orleans - Tulane U Jambalaya 1970 - Judge Haynsworth Protester.jpg|thumb|A pro-Haynsworth protester, 1970]]
On August 21, 1969, President [[Richard Nixon]] nominated Haynsworth to be an Associate Justice of the [[United States Supreme Court]]. He was proposed to succeed [[Liberalism|liberal]] justice [[Abe Fortas]], who had resigned over conflict of interest charges.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|title = The Reagan Court - Child of Lyndon Johnson?|author = David A. Kaplan|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|date = 1989-09-04|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/04/opinion/the-reagan-court-child-of-lyndon-johnson.html|accessdate = 2008-10-20}}</ref>
On August 21, 1969, President [[Richard Nixon]] nominated Haynsworth to be an associate justice of the [[United States Supreme Court]] on the recommendation of South Carolina Democratic Sen. [[Fritz Hollings]]. <ref>"Democrat Slated for Court," Washington Post, Aug. 13, 1969 </ref><ref name=RL33225>{{cite report| last=McMillion| first=Barry J.| date= January 28, 2022| title=Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2020: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President| url=https://sgp.fas.org/crs/misc/RL33225.pdf| publisher=Congressional Research Service| location=Washington, D.C.| access-date=February 15, 2022}}</ref> He was proposed to succeed associate justice [[Abe Fortas]], who had resigned over conflict of interest charges.<ref name="nytimes">{{cite news|title = The Reagan Court - Child of Lyndon Johnson?|author = David A. Kaplan|newspaper = [[The New York Times]]|date = 1989-09-04|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1989/09/04/opinion/the-reagan-court-child-of-lyndon-johnson.html|access-date = 2008-10-20}}</ref>


Haynsworth was opposed by a coalition of [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] (possibly in retaliation for the Republicans' rejection of Fortas as Chief Justice),<ref name="nytimes" /> [[Rockefeller Republicans]], and the [[NAACP]]. He was alleged to have made court decisions favoring [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]] and of being reflexively anti-labor. Democratic [[United States Senator]] [[Philip Hart]] of [[Michigan]] said that Haynsworth's decisions on [[civil rights]] and labor/management were "unacceptable," while Republican Senator [[Marlow Cook]] of [[Kentucky]] argued that Haynsworth was being "subjected to a character assassination that is unjustified." Cook argued that Haynsworth was "a man of honesty and a man of integrity".<ref>http://www.upi.com/Audio/Year_in_Review/Events-of-1969/War-Protests/12303189849225-3/#title "Supreme Court: 1969 Year in Review," UPI.com</ref>{{efn|Alongside [[Hiram Fong]] of [[list of United States Senators from Hawaii|Hawaii]] and Mark Gravel of Alaska, Cook was one of only three Senators who voted for Haynsworth but ''not'' for [[G. Harrold Carswell]],<ref name="CONSENT">{{cite web|url=https://voteview.com/rollcall/RS0910357|title=TO CONSENT TO THE NOMINATION OF GEORGE HARROLD CARSWELL TO BE AN ASSOCIATE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT|publisher=VoteView}}</ref> who was to become Nixon’s second Supreme Court nominee rejected by the Senate.}}
Haynsworth was opposed by a coalition of [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] (possibly in retaliation for the Republicans' rejection of Fortas as Chief Justice),<ref name="nytimes" /> [[Rockefeller Republicans]], and the [[NAACP]]. He was alleged to have made court decisions favoring [[Racial segregation in the United States|segregation]] and of being reflexively anti-labor. Democratic [[United States Senator]] [[Philip Hart]] said that Haynsworth's decisions on [[civil rights]] and labor/management were "unacceptable," while Republican Senator [[Marlow Cook]] argued that Haynsworth was being "subjected to a character assassination that is unjustified." Cook argued that Haynsworth was "a man of honesty and a man of integrity".<ref>{{Cite web |title=War Protests - 1969 Year in Review - Audio - UPI.com |url=https://www.upi.com/Archives/Audio/Events-of-1969/War-Protests/ |access-date=2022-06-30 |website=UPI |language=en}}</ref>{{efn|Alongside [[Winston L. Prouty]], [[Hiram Fong]], Mike Gravel, [[William Belser Spong]] and [[James William Fulbright]], Cook was one of only six Senators who voted for Haynsworth but ''not'' for [[G. Harrold Carswell]],<ref name="CONSENT">{{cite web|url=https://voteview.com/rollcall/RS0910357|title=TO CONSENT TO THE NOMINATION OF GEORGE HARROLD CARSWELL TO BE AN ASSOCIATE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT|publisher=VoteView}}</ref> who was to become Nixon’s second Supreme Court nominee rejected by the Senate.}}


Controversy erupted over his rulings affirming the decision by local authorities to close the [[Prince Edward County, Virginia|Prince Edward County schools]] to avoid integration, upholding the constitutionality of school voucher programs used to fund segregated private schools and supporting the management of the [[Darlington Manufacturing Company]] in South Carolina over its closing of the factory allegedly over unionisation.<ref name=":0" />
Controversy erupted over his rulings affirming the decision by local authorities to close the [[Prince Edward County, Virginia|Prince Edward County schools]] to avoid integration, upholding the constitutionality of school voucher programs used to fund segregated private schools and supporting the management of the [[Darlington Manufacturing Company]] in South Carolina over its closing of the factory allegedly over unionisation.<ref name=":0" /> Haynsworth was also accused of ruling in cases in which he had a financial interest, although this claim was never proved.<ref name="nytimes" />


Haynsworth was also accused of ruling in cases in which he had a financial interest, although this claim was never proved. Haynsworth was later termed a "moderate" who was "close in outlook" to [[John Paul Stevens]], a 1975 nominee of President [[Gerald R. Ford, Jr.]]<ref name="nytimes" /> Haynsworth's nomination was defeated by a vote of 55 to 45 on November 21, 1969. Nineteen Democrats – of whom only [[Mike Gravel]] of [[list of United States Senators from Alaska|Alaska]] represented a state outside the South – and 26 Republicans voted for Haynsworth while 38 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] and seventeen [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] voted against the nomination.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://voteview.com/rollcall/RS0910135|title=TO ADVISE AND CONSENT TO NOMINATION OF CLEMENT HAYNESWORTH, JR. TO BE AN ASSOCIATE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT|publisher=VoteView}}</ref> Haynsworth was the first Supreme Court nominee to be defeated by the Senate since the rejection of Judge [[John J. Parker]] (also of the Fourth Circuit) in 1930. Nixon then nominated [[G. Harrold Carswell]], who was also rejected by the Senate. Nixon eventually nominated [[Harry Blackmun]], who was confirmed by the Senate.
On October 9, 1969, after seven days of testimony the previous month, the Senate Judiciary Committee voted 10–7 to report the nomination to the full Senate with a favorable recommendation. Haynsworth's nomination was defeated by a 45–55 vote on November 21, 1969.<ref name=RL33225/> Nineteen Democrats – of whom only [[Mike Gravel]] of [[list of United States Senators from Alaska|Alaska]] represented a state outside the South – and 26 Republicans voted for Haynsworth while 38 [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]] and 17 [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]] voted against the nomination.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://voteview.com/rollcall/RS0910135|title=TO ADVISE AND CONSENT TO NOMINATION OF CLEMENT HAYNESWORTH, JR. TO BE AN ASSOCIATE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT|publisher=VoteView}}</ref> Haynsworth was the first Supreme Court nominee to be defeated by the Senate since the rejection of Judge [[John J. Parker]] (also of the Fourth Circuit) in 1930. Nixon then nominated [[G. Harrold Carswell]], who was also rejected by the Senate. Nixon eventually turned to [[Harry Blackmun]], who was confirmed by the Senate.


==Honor==
==Honor==


The [[Clement F. Haynsworth Jr. Federal Building]] in Greenville was renamed in his honor.<ref name="gvillenews">{{cite news|title = Building Named in Honor of Haynsworth|author = Susan Clary|newspaper = [[The Greenville News]]|date = 1983-05-04|url = https://www.newspapers.com/image/189988542/?terms=Haynsworth%2BFederal%2BBuilding|accessdate = 2019-01-02}}</ref>
The [[Clement F. Haynsworth Jr. Federal Building]] in Greenville was renamed in his honor.<ref name="gvillenews">{{cite news|title = Building Named in Honor of Haynsworth|author = Susan Clary|newspaper = [[The Greenville News]]|date = 1983-05-04|url = https://www.newspapers.com/image/189988542/?terms=Haynsworth%2BFederal%2BBuilding|access-date = 2019-01-02}}</ref>


==Notes==
==Notes==
{{notelist}}
{{notelist}}

==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

==Sources==
* {{FJC Bio|1008|nid=1381976|name=Clement Furman Haynsworth Jr.<!--(1912–1989)-->}}


==External links==
==External links==
* {{FJC Bio|nid=1381976}}
* [http://rsparlourtricks.blogspot.com/2005/10/clement-haynesworth.html Ron Schuler's Parlour Tricks: Clement Haynesworth]
* [http://rsparlourtricks.blogspot.com/2005/10/clement-haynesworth.html Ron Schuler's Parlour Tricks: Clement Haynesworth]


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[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:1989 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century American judges]]
[[Category:20th-century American judges]]
[[Category:American naval personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Furman University alumni]]
[[Category:Furman University alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Law School alumni]]
[[Category:Harvard Law School alumni]]

Latest revision as of 00:53, 3 January 2024

Clement Haynsworth
Haynsworth in 1973
Senior Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
In office
April 6, 1981 – November 22, 1989
Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
In office
December 3, 1964 – April 6, 1981
Preceded bySimon Sobeloff
Succeeded byHarrison Lee Winter
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
In office
April 4, 1957 – April 6, 1981
Appointed byDwight D. Eisenhower
Preceded byArmistead Mason Dobie
Succeeded byRobert F. Chapman
Personal details
Born
Clement Furman Haynsworth Jr.

(1912-10-30)October 30, 1912
Greenville, South Carolina, U.S.
DiedNovember 22, 1989(1989-11-22) (aged 77)
Greenville, South Carolina, U.S.
EducationFurman University (AB)
Harvard Law School (LLB)

Clement Furman Haynsworth Jr. (October 30, 1912 – November 22, 1989) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. He was also an unsuccessful nominee for the United States Supreme Court in 1969.

Education and career[edit]

Born on October 30, 1912, in Greenville, South Carolina, Haynsworth received an Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1933 from Furman University and a Bachelor of Laws in 1936 from Harvard Law School. He entered private practice in Greenville from 1936 to 1942. He served in the United States Navy from 1942 to 1945. He returned to private practice in Greenville from 1945 to 1957.[1]

Federal judicial service[edit]

Haynsworth was nominated by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on February 19, 1957, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit vacated by Judge Armistead Mason Dobie. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 4, 1957, and received commission the same day. He served as Chief Judge and a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1964 to 1981. He assumed senior status on April 6, 1981, until his death on November 22, 1989, in Greenville, South Carolina.[1][2]

Unsuccessful Supreme Court nomination[edit]

A pro-Haynsworth protester, 1970

On August 21, 1969, President Richard Nixon nominated Haynsworth to be an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court on the recommendation of South Carolina Democratic Sen. Fritz Hollings. [3][4] He was proposed to succeed associate justice Abe Fortas, who had resigned over conflict of interest charges.[5]

Haynsworth was opposed by a coalition of Democrats (possibly in retaliation for the Republicans' rejection of Fortas as Chief Justice),[5] Rockefeller Republicans, and the NAACP. He was alleged to have made court decisions favoring segregation and of being reflexively anti-labor. Democratic United States Senator Philip Hart said that Haynsworth's decisions on civil rights and labor/management were "unacceptable," while Republican Senator Marlow Cook argued that Haynsworth was being "subjected to a character assassination that is unjustified." Cook argued that Haynsworth was "a man of honesty and a man of integrity".[6][a]

Controversy erupted over his rulings affirming the decision by local authorities to close the Prince Edward County schools to avoid integration, upholding the constitutionality of school voucher programs used to fund segregated private schools and supporting the management of the Darlington Manufacturing Company in South Carolina over its closing of the factory allegedly over unionisation.[2] Haynsworth was also accused of ruling in cases in which he had a financial interest, although this claim was never proved.[5]

On October 9, 1969, after seven days of testimony the previous month, the Senate Judiciary Committee voted 10–7 to report the nomination to the full Senate with a favorable recommendation. Haynsworth's nomination was defeated by a 45–55 vote on November 21, 1969.[4] Nineteen Democrats – of whom only Mike Gravel of Alaska represented a state outside the South – and 26 Republicans voted for Haynsworth while 38 Democrats and 17 Republicans voted against the nomination.[8] Haynsworth was the first Supreme Court nominee to be defeated by the Senate since the rejection of Judge John J. Parker (also of the Fourth Circuit) in 1930. Nixon then nominated G. Harrold Carswell, who was also rejected by the Senate. Nixon eventually turned to Harry Blackmun, who was confirmed by the Senate.

Honor[edit]

The Clement F. Haynsworth Jr. Federal Building in Greenville was renamed in his honor.[9]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Alongside Winston L. Prouty, Hiram Fong, Mike Gravel, William Belser Spong and James William Fulbright, Cook was one of only six Senators who voted for Haynsworth but not for G. Harrold Carswell,[7] who was to become Nixon’s second Supreme Court nominee rejected by the Senate.

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Clement Furman Haynsworth Jr. at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
  2. ^ a b Narvaez, Alfonso A. (1989-11-23). "Clement Haynsworth Dies at 77; Lost Struggle for High Court Seat". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-07-11.
  3. ^ "Democrat Slated for Court," Washington Post, Aug. 13, 1969
  4. ^ a b McMillion, Barry J. (January 28, 2022). Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2020: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President (PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Retrieved February 15, 2022.
  5. ^ a b c David A. Kaplan (1989-09-04). "The Reagan Court - Child of Lyndon Johnson?". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-10-20.
  6. ^ "War Protests - 1969 Year in Review - Audio - UPI.com". UPI. Retrieved 2022-06-30.
  7. ^ "TO ADVISE AND CONSENT TO NOMINATION OF CLEMENT HAYNESWORTH, JR. TO BE AN ASSOCIATE JUSTICE OF THE SUPREME COURT". VoteView.
  8. ^ Susan Clary (1983-05-04). "Building Named in Honor of Haynsworth". The Greenville News. Retrieved 2019-01-02.

External links[edit]

Legal offices
Preceded by Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
1957–1981 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
1964–1981 		Succeeded by
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Clement_Haynsworth&oldid=1193284062"