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{{Primary sources|date=May 2023}}
{{short description|Digital library and website}}
{{short description|Digital library and website}}
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The '''Christian Classics Ethereal Library''' ('''CCEL''') is a [[digital library]] that provides free electronic copies of [[Christianity|Christian]] [[scripture]] and [[literature]] [[book|text]]s.
The '''Christian Classics Ethereal Library''' ('''CCEL''') is a [[digital library]] that provides free electronic copies of [[Christianity|Christian]] [[scripture]] and [[literature]] [[book|text]]s.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Christian Classics Ethereal Library |url=https://www.loc.gov/item/lcwaN0004026/ |access-date=2023-10-17 |website=Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA}}</ref>


== Description ==
== Description ==
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CCEL is a volunteer-based project founded and directed by Harry Plantinga, a [[professor]] of [[computer science]] at [[Calvin College]]. It was initiated at [[Wheaton College (Illinois)|Wheaton College]] in 1993<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ccel.org/ |title=Christian Classics Ethereal Library |date=April 29, 2005 |access-date=July 28, 2008}}</ref> and is currently supported by Calvin University. It includes [[Hymnary.org]].
CCEL is a volunteer-based project founded and directed by Harry Plantinga, a [[professor]] of [[computer science]] at [[Calvin College]]. It was initiated at [[Wheaton College (Illinois)|Wheaton College]] in 1993<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ccel.org/ |title=Christian Classics Ethereal Library |date=April 29, 2005 |access-date=July 28, 2008}}</ref> and is currently supported by Calvin University. It includes [[Hymnary.org]].


The purpose of the CCEL is simply "to build up Christ's church and to address fundamental questions of the faith." The documents in the [[Digital library|library]] express a variety of theological views, sometimes conflicting with those of Calvin University.<ref | name="CCELQ&A" />
The purpose of the CCEL is "To build up Christ's church by making available classic Christian books and promoting their use." The documents in the [[Digital library|library]] express a variety of theological views, sometimes conflicting with those of Calvin University.<ref | name="CCELQ&A" />


CCEL stores texts in [[Theological Markup Language]] (ThML) format and automatically converts them into other formats such as [[HTML]] or [[Portable Document Format]] (PDF).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ccel.org/about|title=About {{!}} Christian Classics Ethereal Library}}</ref> Although they use mainly [[Public Domain]] texts, they claim [[copyright]] on all their [[Formatted text|formatting]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ccel.org/about/copyright.html|title=CCEL Copyright Policy {{!}} Christian Classics Ethereal Library}}</ref> Users must log into their website to download all formatted versions of the text.
CCEL stores texts in [[Theological Markup Language]] (ThML) format and automatically converts them into other formats such as [[HTML]] or [[Portable Document Format]] (PDF).<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ccel.org/about|title=About {{!}} Christian Classics Ethereal Library}}</ref> Although they use mainly [[Public Domain]] texts, they claim [[copyright]] on all their [[Formatted text|formatting]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ccel.org/about/copyright.html|title=CCEL Copyright Policy {{!}} Christian Classics Ethereal Library}}</ref> Users must log into their website to download all formatted versions of the text.
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CCEL is funded by [[Online advertising|online advertisements]], sales of [[CD-ROM]]s (available from 1997 to 2019),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org:80/store|title=Store - Christian Classics Ethereal Library|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003045515/http://www.ccel.org:80/store|archive-date=October 3, 2019|url-status=dead|access-date=May 15, 2023}}</ref> sales of some books not freely downloadable, and individual gifts. Calvin University has also provided them with space, network access, and significant financial support.<ref | name="CCELQ&A" /><ref>{{cite web|last1=Plantinga |first1=Harry|url=https://www.ccel.org/info/ccel-story.html|title=The CCEL Story|date=July 1997|publisher=Christian Classics Ethereal Library|access-date=July 28, 2008}}</ref>
CCEL is funded by [[Online advertising|online advertisements]], sales of [[CD-ROM]]s (available from 1997 to 2019),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ccel.org:80/store|title=Store - Christian Classics Ethereal Library|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191003045515/http://www.ccel.org:80/store|archive-date=October 3, 2019|url-status=dead|access-date=May 15, 2023}}</ref> sales of some books not freely downloadable, and individual gifts. Calvin University has also provided them with space, network access, and significant financial support.<ref | name="CCELQ&A" /><ref>{{cite web|last1=Plantinga |first1=Harry|url=https://www.ccel.org/info/ccel-story.html|title=The CCEL Story|date=July 1997|publisher=Christian Classics Ethereal Library|access-date=July 28, 2008}}</ref>


As of 2006, the library was recording about 200,000 page views per day and providing about 2 [[terabyte|TB]] of information (equivalent to over a million books) in a month.<ref | name="CCELQ&A">{{cite web |url=https://www.ccel.org/info/faq |title=CCEL Questions and Answers |access-date=July 28, 2008 |publisher=Christian Classics Ethereal Library }}</ref>
As of 2006, the library was recording about 200,000 page views per day and providing about 2 [[terabyte|TB]] of information (equivalent to over a million books) in a month.<ref |="" name="CCELQ&A">{{cite web |title=CCEL Questions and Answers |url=https://www.ccel.org/info/faq |access-date=October 17, 2023 |publisher=Christian Classics Ethereal Library}}</ref>


A 2002 reviewer acknowledged that while the site is "intended to be a basic online theological library," it was actually much more valuable than that: it is "a treasure of primary sources for anyone teaching Western Civilization or more specialized courses in medieval or Reformation history." They also specifically noted that the ability to search the music "for specific note patterns" was valuable to musicologists.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://chnm.gmu.edu/worldhistorysources/r/35/whm.html |title=Christian Classics Ethereal Library |access-date=July 28, 2008|last=Holt |first=Mack P. |date=October 2002 |work=World History Sources |publisher=Center for History and New Media, George Mason University }}</ref>
A 2002 reviewer acknowledged that while the site is "intended to be a basic online theological library," it was actually much more valuable than that: it is "a treasure of primary sources for anyone teaching Western Civilization or more specialized courses in medieval or Reformation history." They also specifically noted that the ability to search the music "for specific note patterns" was valuable to musicologists.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://chnm.gmu.edu/worldhistorysources/r/35/whm.html |title=Christian Classics Ethereal Library |access-date=July 28, 2008|last=Holt |first=Mack P. |date=October 2002 |work=World History Sources |publisher=Center for History and New Media, George Mason University }}</ref>

Latest revision as of 20:54, 17 October 2023

Christian Classics Ethereal Library
Type of site
Digital library
OwnerCalvin College
Created byHarry Plantinga
URLwww.ccel.org
CommercialNo (see text)
RegistrationNone
Launched1993; 31 years ago (1993)

The Christian Classics Ethereal Library (CCEL) is a digital library that provides free electronic copies of Christian scripture and literature texts.[1]

Description[edit]

CCEL is a volunteer-based project founded and directed by Harry Plantinga, a professor of computer science at Calvin College. It was initiated at Wheaton College in 1993[2] and is currently supported by Calvin University. It includes Hymnary.org.

The purpose of the CCEL is "To build up Christ's church by making available classic Christian books and promoting their use." The documents in the library express a variety of theological views, sometimes conflicting with those of Calvin University.[3]

CCEL stores texts in Theological Markup Language (ThML) format and automatically converts them into other formats such as HTML or Portable Document Format (PDF).[4] Although they use mainly Public Domain texts, they claim copyright on all their formatting.[5] Users must log into their website to download all formatted versions of the text.

CCEL is funded by online advertisements, sales of CD-ROMs (available from 1997 to 2019),[6] sales of some books not freely downloadable, and individual gifts. Calvin University has also provided them with space, network access, and significant financial support.[3][7]

As of 2006, the library was recording about 200,000 page views per day and providing about 2 TB of information (equivalent to over a million books) in a month.[3]

A 2002 reviewer acknowledged that while the site is "intended to be a basic online theological library," it was actually much more valuable than that: it is "a treasure of primary sources for anyone teaching Western Civilization or more specialized courses in medieval or Reformation history." They also specifically noted that the ability to search the music "for specific note patterns" was valuable to musicologists.[8]

As of 2005, the primary users of the library fell into three main categories. These are university professors and their students using texts from the library as required reading without running up the students' bill for textbooks, people preparing sermons and Bible studies, and those reading for individual edification.[9]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Christian Classics Ethereal Library". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Retrieved 2023-10-17.
  2. ^ "Christian Classics Ethereal Library". April 29, 2005. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
  3. ^ a b c "CCEL Questions and Answers". Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Retrieved October 17, 2023.
  4. ^ "About | Christian Classics Ethereal Library".
  5. ^ "CCEL Copyright Policy | Christian Classics Ethereal Library".
  6. ^ "Store - Christian Classics Ethereal Library". Archived from the original on October 3, 2019. Retrieved May 15, 2023.
  7. ^ Plantinga, Harry (July 1997). "The CCEL Story". Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
  8. ^ Holt, Mack P. (October 2002). "Christian Classics Ethereal Library". World History Sources. Center for History and New Media, George Mason University. Retrieved July 28, 2008.
  9. ^ David, Neff. "Preaching Augustine". Christian Today. Christian History & Biography. Archived from the original on February 15, 2009. Retrieved May 15, 2023.

External links[edit]

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