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{{Distinguish|Pazeh language|Ketagalan language}}
{{Infobox Language
{{short description|Extinct Formosan language of northern Taiwan}}

{{Infobox language
|name=Basay
|name=Basay
|altname=Ketagalan
|familycolor=Austronesian
|fam2=[[Kavalanic languages|Kavalanic]]
|iso3=byq
|states=[[Taiwan]]
|states=[[Taiwan]]
|region=
|region=
|ethnicity=[[Basay people|Basay]], [[Qauqaut people|Qauqaut]]
|speakers=extinct
|extinct=mid-20th century
|familycolor=Austronesian
|fam2=[[East Formosan languages|East Formosan]]
|fam3=[[Kavalanic languages|Kavalanic]]
|iso3=byq
|linglist=byq.html
|glotto=basa1287
|glottorefname=Basay
|dia1=Basay proper
|dia2=Trobiawan
|dia3=Linaw–Qauqaut
|map=Formosan languages 2008.png
|mapcaption=(dark green, north) The Kavalanic languages: Basai, Ketagalan, and Kavalan
}}
}}


'''Basay''' was a [[Formosan language]] spoken around modern-day [[Taipei]] in northern [[Taiwan]] by the [[Basay people|Basay]], [[Qauqaut people|Qauqaut]], and [[Trobiawan]] peoples. Trobiawan, Linaw, and Qauqaut were other dialects (''see [[East Formosan languages]]'').
'''Basay''' was a [[Formosan language]] spoken around modern-day [[Taipei]] in northern [[Taiwan]] by the [[Basay people|Basay]], [[Qauqaut people|Qauqaut]], and [[Trobiawan]] peoples. Trobiawan, Linaw, and Qauqaut were other dialects (''see [[East Formosan languages]]'').


Basay data is mostly available from Erin Asai's 1936 field notes, which were collected from an elderly Basay speaker in Shinshe, [[Taipei]], as well as another one in [[Yilan]] who spoken the Trobiawan dialect (Li 1999). However, the Shinshe informant's speech was heavily influenced by Taiwanese, and the Trobiawan informant, named Ipai, had heavy Kavalan influence in her speech.
Basay data is mostly available from Erin Asai's 1936 field notes, which were collected from an elderly Basay speaker in Shinshe, [[Taipei]], as well as another one in [[Yilan City|Yilan]] who spoken the Trobiawan dialect (Li 1999). However, the Shinshe informant's speech was heavily influenced by Taiwanese, and the Trobiawan informant, named Ipai, had heavy Kavalan influence in her speech.

Li (1992) mentions four Basaic languages: Basay, Luilang, Nankan, Puting.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Li |first=Paul Jen-kuei |date=2001 |title=The Dispersal of the Formosan Aborigines in Taiwan |url=http://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/Files/LL/Docments/Journals/j2001_1_15_4392.pdf |journal=Language and Linguistics / Yǔyán jì yǔyánxué |language=en |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=271–278 |access-date=2021-06-30 |archive-date=2020-08-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808011144/http://www.ling.sinica.edu.tw/Files/LL/Docments/Journals/j2001_1_15_4392.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> Nankan and Puting are close to [[Kavalan language|Kavalan]], whereas [[Luilang language|Luilang]] is divergent.<ref>Tsuchida, Shigeru. 1985. Kulon: Yet another Austronesian language in Taiwan?. Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica 60. 1-59.</ref>


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
There are four optional case markers in Basay (Li 1999:646).
There are four optional case markers in Basay (Li 1999:646).
*a - nominative, ligature (Shinshe dialect)
*a – nominative, ligature (Shinshe dialect)
*ta - nominative (Trobiawan dialect)
*ta – nominative (Trobiawan dialect)
*li - locative (Shinshe dialect)
*li – locative (Shinshe dialect)
*u - oblique (Trobiawan dialect)
*u – oblique (Trobiawan dialect)


Some function words include (Li 1999):
Some function words include (Li 1999):
Line 29: Line 45:
*(Shinshe dialect: kualau 'not exist')
*(Shinshe dialect: kualau 'not exist')


Yes-no questions are marked by ''u ~ nu'' (Li 1999:657).
Yes–no questions are marked by ''u ~ nu'' (Li 1999:657).


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
Basay verbs, like Kavalan verbs, distinguish between agent-focus (AF) and patient-focus (PF) verbs (Li 1999:650). The perfective prefixes na- and ni- are allomorphs.
Basay verbs, like Kavalan verbs, distinguish between agent-focus (AF) and patient-focus (PF) verbs (Li 1999:650). The perfective prefixes na- and ni- are [[allomorph]]s.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|-
|-
! Patient focus (PF)
! Patient focus (PF)
|c=01| -
|c=01| –
|c=02| ni-
|c=02| ni-
|c=03| -au
|c=03| -au
Line 61: Line 77:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Basay Personal Pronouns
|+ Basay Personal Pronouns
! Type of<br> Pronoun
!c=01| Neutral
!c=02| Nominative
!c=03| Genitive
!c=03| Oblique
|-
|-
! colspan="3" |
! 1s.
! Neutral
|c=01| yaku
! Nominative
|c=02| kaku, -ku
! Genitive
|c=03| maku-, -aku; naku, -ak
! Oblique
|c=04| yakuan, kuan, kuanan
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" | 1st person
! 2s.
! colspan="2" | singular
|c=01| isu
| yaku
|c=02| kisu, -su
| kaku, -ku
|c=03| misu, -isu; nisu, -su ~ -is
| maku-, -aku; naku, -ak
|c=04| isuan, suan, isuanan, suanan
| yakuan, kuan, kuanan
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | plural
! 3s.
! excl.
|c=01| -
| yami
|c=02| -ia
|c=03| -
| -mi
| yami, -ami; nami, -am
|c=04| -
| yamian, mian, mianan
|-
|-
! 1p. (incl.)
! incl.
|c=01| mita
| mita
|c=02| kita, -ita
| kita, -ita
|c=03| mita, -ita; nita, -ta
| mita, -ita; nita, -ta
|c=04| ...., ...., tianan
| ... , ... , tianan
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | 2nd person
! 1p. (excl.)
! colspan="2" | singular
|c=01| yami
| isu
|c=02| -mi
| kisu, -su
|c=03| yami, -ami; nami, -am
| misu, -isu; nisu, -su ~ -is
|c=04| yamian, mian, mianan
| isuan, suan, isuanan, suanan
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | plural
! 2p.
|c=01| imu
| imu
|c=02| kimu, -mu
| kimu, -mu
|c=03| -imu; nimu, -im
| -imu; nimu, -im
|c=04| imuan, ...., imuanan
| imuan, ... , imuanan
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | 3rd person
! 3p.
! colspan="2" | singular
|c=01| -
| –
|c=02| -ia
|c=03| -
| -ia
| –
|c=04| -
| –
|-
! colspan="2" | plural
| –
| -ia
| –
| –
|}
|}


==References==
==References==
===Notes===
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}
*Li, Paul Jen-kuei (1999). Some problems in the Basay language. In Zeitoun, E., & Li, P. J-K., ''Selected Papers From the 8th International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics''. Taipei, Taiwan: Academica Sinica.


===General references===
{{Au-lang-stub}}
* {{Cite book |last=Li |first=Paul Jen-kuei |title=Selected Papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics |date=1999 |publisher=Academia Sinica |editor-last=Zeitoun |editor-first=E. |location=Taipei |pages=635–664 |chapter=Some Problems in the Basay Language |editor-last2=Li |editor-first2=Paul J.-k. |language=en}}
* {{Cite book |last=Inō |first=Kanori 伊能嘉矩 |title=Píngpǔzú diàochá lǚxíng: Yīnéng jiājǔ "Táiwān tōngxìn" xuǎnjí |date=2012 |publisher=Yuanliu |isbn=9789573268932 |location=Taibei Shi |language=zh |translator-last=Yang |translator-first=Nanjun 楊南郡 |script-title=zh:平埔族調查旅行: 伊能嘉矩<台灣通信>選集 |trans-title=Research Trips Among the Plains Aborigines: Selections from Inō Kanori's Taiwan Diaries}}


==Further reading ==
* {{cite journal|pmc=2614200 |year=2008 |last1=Greenhill |first1=Simon J. |last2=Blust |first2=Robert |last3=Gray |first3=Russell D. |title=The Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database: From Bioinformatics to Lexomics |journal=Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online |volume=4 |pages=271–283 |doi=10.4137/ebo.s893 |doi-access=free |pmid=19204825 }}
==External links==
{{incubator|code=byq}}
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140221101407/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/language.php?id=369 ABVD: Basai/Laurent Sagart]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20140221101258/http://language.psy.auckland.ac.nz/austronesian/language.php?id=832 ABVD: Basay/Paul Jen-kuei Li (李壬癸)]

{{Languages of Taiwan}}
{{Formosan languages}}
{{Formosan languages}}
{{Austronesian languages}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Basay Language}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Basay Language}}
[[Category:Extinct languages of Asia]]
[[Category:Extinct languages of Asia]]
[[Category:Languages of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Languages of Taiwan]]
[[Category:Formosan languages]]
[[Category:Formosan languages]]
[[Category:Languages extinct in the 20th century]]


{{Formosan-lang-stub}}
[[br:Basayeg]]
[[it:Lingua Basay]]
[[nl:Basay (taal)]]
[[nap:Lenga Basay]]
[[pms:Lenga Basay]]
[[th:ภาษาบาซาย]]
[[zh:巴賽語]]

Latest revision as of 08:36, 8 April 2024

Not to be confused with Pazeh language or Ketagalan language.
Basay
Ketagalan
Native toTaiwan
EthnicityBasay, Qauqaut
Extinctmid-20th century
Dialects
  • Basay proper
  • Trobiawan
  • Linaw–Qauqaut
Language codes
ISO 639-3byq
byq.html
Glottologbasa1287
(dark green, north) The Kavalanic languages: Basai, Ketagalan, and Kavalan

Basay was a Formosan language spoken around modern-day Taipei in northern Taiwan by the Basay, Qauqaut, and Trobiawan peoples. Trobiawan, Linaw, and Qauqaut were other dialects (see East Formosan languages).

Basay data is mostly available from Erin Asai's 1936 field notes, which were collected from an elderly Basay speaker in Shinshe, Taipei, as well as another one in Yilan who spoken the Trobiawan dialect (Li 1999). However, the Shinshe informant's speech was heavily influenced by Taiwanese, and the Trobiawan informant, named Ipai, had heavy Kavalan influence in her speech.

Li (1992) mentions four Basaic languages: Basay, Luilang, Nankan, Puting.[1] Nankan and Puting are close to Kavalan, whereas Luilang is divergent.[2]

Syntax[edit]

There are four optional case markers in Basay (Li 1999:646).

  • a – nominative, ligature (Shinshe dialect)
  • ta – nominative (Trobiawan dialect)
  • li – locative (Shinshe dialect)
  • u – oblique (Trobiawan dialect)

Some function words include (Li 1999):

  • pai 'future'

Trobiawan negators include (Li 1999):

  • mia 'not' (Shinshe dialect: mayu 'not (yet)')
  • asi 'don't' (Shinshe dialect: manai 'don't')
  • (m)upa 'not to want'
  • (Shinshe dialect: kualau 'not exist')

Yes–no questions are marked by u ~ nu (Li 1999:657).

Morphology[edit]

Basay verbs, like Kavalan verbs, distinguish between agent-focus (AF) and patient-focus (PF) verbs (Li 1999:650). The perfective prefixes na- and ni- are allomorphs.

Basay Focus System
Type of prefix Neutral Perfective Future
Agentive focus (AF) -um-, m- na-mi- -um- ... -a, m- ... -a
Patient focus (PF) – ni- -au
Locative focus (LF) -an ni- ... -an -ai

Pronouns[edit]

The Basay pronouns below are from Li (1999:639).

Basay Personal Pronouns
Neutral Nominative Genitive Oblique
1st person singular yaku kaku, -ku maku-, -aku; naku, -ak yakuan, kuan, kuanan
plural excl. yami -mi yami, -ami; nami, -am yamian, mian, mianan
incl. mita kita, -ita mita, -ita; nita, -ta ... , ... , tianan
2nd person singular isu kisu, -su misu, -isu; nisu, -su ~ -is isuan, suan, isuanan, suanan
plural imu kimu, -mu -imu; nimu, -im imuan, ... , imuanan
3rd person singular – -ia – –
plural – -ia – –

References[edit]

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Li, Paul Jen-kuei (2001). "The Dispersal of the Formosan Aborigines in Taiwan" (PDF). Language and Linguistics / Yǔyán jì yǔyánxué. 2 (1): 271–278. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-08-08. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
  2. ^ Tsuchida, Shigeru. 1985. Kulon: Yet another Austronesian language in Taiwan?. Bulletin of the Institute of Ethnology, Academia Sinica 60. 1-59.

General references[edit]

  • Li, Paul Jen-kuei (1999). "Some Problems in the Basay Language". In Zeitoun, E.; Li, Paul J.-k. (eds.). Selected Papers from the Eighth International Conference on Austronesian Linguistics. Taipei: Academia Sinica. pp. 635–664.
  • Inō, Kanori 伊能嘉矩 (2012). Píngpǔzú diàochá lǚxíng: Yīnéng jiājǔ "Táiwān tōngxìn" xuǎnjí 平埔族調查旅行: 伊能嘉矩<台灣通信>選集 [Research Trips Among the Plains Aborigines: Selections from Inō Kanori's Taiwan Diaries] (in Chinese). Translated by Yang, Nanjun 楊南郡. Taibei Shi: Yuanliu. ISBN 9789573268932.

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]

Basay language test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator
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