1933 Sanriku earthquake: Difference between revisions

1933 Sanriku earthquake
	Kamaishi Bay, Iwate after the event
	Tarō
UTC time	1933-03-02 17:30:59
ISC event	905420
USGS-ANSS	ComCat
Local date	March 3, 1933
Local time	02:30:48 JST
Magnitude	8.4 Mw
Depth	20 km (12 mi)
Epicenter	39°7.7′N 144°7′E / 39.1283°N 144.117°E
Type	Dip-slip – Intraplate
Areas affected	Japan
Tsunami	Up to 28.7 m (94 ft); in Ryori, Kesen, Iwate, Tōhoku
Casualties	1,522 deaths,; 1,542 missing,; 12,053 people injured

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The 1933 Sanriku earthquake (昭和三陸地震, Shōwa Sanriku Jishin) occurred on the Sanriku coast of the Tōhoku region of Honshū, Japan on March 2 with a moment magnitude of 8.4. The associated tsunami caused widespread devastation.

Earthquake[edit]

The epicenter was located offshore, 290 kilometres (180 mi) east of the city of Kamaishi, Iwate. The main shock occurred at 02:31 AM local time on March 3, 1933 (17:31 UTC March 2, 1933) and measured 8.4 on the moment magnitude scale.^[2] It was in approximately the same location as the 1896 Sanriku earthquake and it occurred far enough away from the town that shaking did little damage. Approximately three hours after the main shock there was a magnitude 6.8 aftershock, followed by 76 more aftershocks (with a magnitude of 5.0 or greater) over a period of six months.^[3] This was an intraplate event that occurred within the Pacific Plate,^[4] and the focal mechanism showed normal faulting.^[5]

Damage[edit]

Although little damage was produced from the shock, the tsunami, which was recorded to reach the height of 28.7 metres (94 ft) at Ōfunato, Iwate, caused extensive damage, and destroyed many homes and caused numerous casualties.^[6] The tsunami destroyed over 7,000 homes along the northern Japanese coastline, of which over 4,885 were washed away. The tsunami was also recorded in Hawaii with a height of 9.5 feet (2.9 m), and also resulted in slight damage.^[2] The death toll came to 1,522 people confirmed dead, 1,542 missing, and 12,053 injured. Hardest hit was the town of Tarō, Iwate (now part of Miyako city), with 98% of its houses destroyed and 42% of its population killed.^[7]

Notes[edit]

^ Kanamori, H. (1977), "The energy release in great earthquakes" (PDF), Journal of Geophysical Research, 82 (20), American Geophysical Union: 2981–2987, Bibcode:1977JGR....82.2981K, doi:10.1029/JB082i020p02981
^ ^a ^b "Historical Earthquakes:The 1933 Sanriku earthquake". United States Geological Survey. 14 March 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-07-24. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
^ The Meiji Sanriku Earthquake (June 15, 1896, M 8 1/2) and Sanriku Earthquake (March 3, 1933, M 8.1)
^ "日本海溝・千島海溝周辺海溝型地震に関する専門調査会報告" by 日本海溝・千島海溝周辺海溝型地震に関する専門調査会
^ Lay, T.; Ammon, C. J.; Kanamori, H.; Kim, M. J.; Xue, L. (2011), "Outer trench-slope faulting and the 2011 M w 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake", Earth, Planets and Space, 63 (7), Springer Science+Business Media: 713, Bibcode:2011EP&S...63..713L, doi:10.5047/eps.2011.05.006
^ Masayuki Nakao, "The Great Meiji Sanriku Tsunami". Association For The Study Of Failure
^ Corkill, Edan, "Heights of survival", Japan Times, 12 June 2011, pp. 9–10.

External links[edit]

Historic video footage of devastation following 1933 Sanriku Earthquake
The International Seismological Centre has a bibliography and/or authoritative data for this event.

[1] Kanamori, H. (1977), "The energy release in great earthquakes" (PDF), Journal of Geophysical Research, 82 (20), American Geophysical Union: 2981–2987, Bibcode:1977JGR....82.2981K, doi:10.1029/JB082i020p02981

[USGS-2] "Historical Earthquakes:The 1933 Sanriku earthquake". United States Geological Survey. 14 March 2008. Archived from the original on 2008-07-24. Retrieved 2008-07-16.

[3] The Meiji Sanriku Earthquake (June 15, 1896, M 8 1/2) and Sanriku Earthquake (March 3, 1933, M 8.1)

[4] "日本海溝・千島海溝周辺海溝型地震に関する専門調査会報告" by 日本海溝・千島海溝周辺海溝型地震に関する専門調査会

[5] Lay, T.; Ammon, C. J.; Kanamori, H.; Kim, M. J.; Xue, L. (2011), "Outer trench-slope faulting and the 2011 M w 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake", Earth, Planets and Space, 63 (7), Springer Science+Business Media: 713, Bibcode:2011EP&S...63..713L, doi:10.5047/eps.2011.05.006

[6] Masayuki Nakao, "The Great Meiji Sanriku Tsunami". Association For The Study Of Failure

[7] Corkill, Edan, "Heights of survival", Japan Times, 12 June 2011, pp. 9–10.

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Short description|Earthquake off the coast of Japan}}
 {{Infobox earthquake
 |title = 1933 Sanriku earthquake
 |image = Kamaishi Bay after 1933 tsunami.jpg
 |imagecaption = Kamaishi Bay, Iwate after the event
+|timestamp = 1933-03-02 17:30:59
-|date = {{start-date| March 3, 1933}}
+|isc-event = 905420
-|time = 02:30:48 [[Japan Standard Time|JST]] ([[UTC+09:00]])
+|anss-url = official19330302173100_30
+|local-date = {{Start date|1933|03|03}}
+|local-time = 02:30:48 [[Japan Standard Time|JST]]
 |map2 = {{Location map+|Japan|relief=1|width=260|float=right|border=yes|caption=|places=
 {{Location map~|Japan|lat=39.46|long=144.42|mark=Bullseye1.png|marksize=40|position=top}}
-{{Location map~|Japan|lat_deg=39|lat_min=44|lat_sec=12.2|lat_dir=N |lon_deg=141|lon_min=58|lon_sec=9.9|lon_dir=E|label=Tarō|position=top|mark=Green pog.svg}}}}
+{{Location map~|Japan|lat_deg=39|lat_min=44|lat_sec=12.2|lat_dir=N |lon_deg=141|lon_min=58|lon_sec=9.9|lon_dir=E|label=Tarō|label_size=100|position=top|mark=Green pog.svg}}}}
+|magnitude = 8.4 {{M|w|link=y}}<ref>{{citation|title=The energy release in great earthquakes|url=http://gps-prod-storage.cloud.caltech.edu.s3.amazonaws.com/people_personal_assets/kanamori/HKjgr77.pdf|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|publisher=American Geophysical Union|volume=82|issue=20|pages=2981–2987|year=1977|last1=Kanamori|first1=H.|author-link=Hiroo Kanamori|bibcode=1977JGR....82.2981K|doi=10.1029/JB082i020p02981}}</ref>
-|magnitude = 8.4 [[Moment magnitude scale|M<sub>w</sub>]]<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.openseismo.org/contributors/Lee/MoWorking_Backups/Mo2012_0424backup/MoWorking_DONE/Papers_Proc_DONE/Kan77_Kanamori_JGR1977p2981.pdf |title=The energy release of great earthquakes }} Kanamori, H., 1977, The energy release of great earthquakes, J. Geophys. Res. 82, 2981–2987.</ref>
 |depth = {{Convert|20|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
 |location = {{coord|39|7.7|N|144|7|E|display=inline,title}}
-|type = [[Fault (geology)#Dip-slip faults|Dip-slip]]–[[intraplate earthquake|Intraplate]]
+|type = [[Fault (geology)#Dip-slip faults|Dip-slip]] – [[intraplate earthquake|Intraplate]]
 |countries affected = Japan
 |damage =
 |tsunami = Up to {{Convert|28.7|m|ft|abbr=on}}<br />in Ryori, [[Kesen District, Iwate|Kesen]], [[Iwate Prefecture|Iwate]], [[Tōhoku region|Tōhoku]]
-|casualties = 1,522 deaths,<br> 1,542 missing,<br>12,053 people injured
+|casualties = 1,522 deaths,<br /> 1,542 missing,<br />12,053 people injured
 }}
 [[File:1933 Sanriku Earthquake damage at Kamaishi 01.jpg|right|thumb|Damage at Kamaishi]]
-The {{nihongo|'''1933 Sanriku earthquake'''|昭和三陸地震|Shōwa Sanriku Jishin}} occurred on the [[Sanriku Coast|Sanriku coast]] of the [[Tōhoku region]] of [[Honshū]], [[Japan]] on March 2. The earthquake had a [[Moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] of 8.4 and the associated [[tsunami]] caused widespread damage.
+The {{nihongo|'''1933 Sanriku earthquake'''|昭和三陸地震|Shōwa Sanriku Jishin}} occurred on the [[Sanriku Coast|Sanriku coast]] of the [[Tōhoku region]] of [[Honshū]], [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] on March 2 with a [[Moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] of 8.4. The associated [[tsunami]] caused widespread devastation.
 ==Earthquake==
+The epicenter was located offshore, {{convert|290|km|mi}} east of the city of [[Kamaishi, Iwate]]. The main shock occurred at 02:31 AM local time on March 3, 1933 (17:31 [[UTC]] March 2, 1933) and measured 8.4 on the [[moment magnitude scale]].<ref name=USGS>{{cite web |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/events/1933_03_02.php |title=Historical Earthquakes:The 1933 Sanriku earthquake |access-date=2008-07-16 |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |date=14 March 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724115436/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/events/1933_03_02.php |archive-date=2008-07-24 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was in approximately the same location as the [[1896 Sanriku earthquake]] and it occurred far enough away from the town that shaking did little damage. Approximately three hours after the main shock there was a magnitude 6.8 [[aftershock]], followed by 76 more aftershocks (with a magnitude of 5.0 or greater) over a period of six months.<ref>[http://www.hp1039.jishin.go.jp/eqchreng/4-2-1.htm The Meiji Sanriku Earthquake (June 15, 1896, M 8 1/2) and Sanriku Earthquake (March 3, 1933, M 8.1)]</ref> This was an intraplate event that occurred within the [[Pacific Plate]],<ref>"日本海溝・千島海溝周辺海溝型地震に関する専門調査会報告" by 日本海溝・千島海溝周辺海溝型地震に関する専門調査会</ref> and the focal mechanism showed normal faulting.<ref>{{citation|title=Outer trench-slope faulting and the 2011 M w 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake|journal=Earth, Planets and Space|publisher=[[Springer Science+Business Media]]|volume=63|issue=7|page=713|year=2011|last1=Lay|first1=T.|last2=Ammon|first2=C. J.|last3=Kanamori|first3=H.|last4=Kim|first4=M. J.|last5=Xue|first5=L.|bibcode=2011EP&S...63..713L|doi=10.5047/eps.2011.05.006|doi-access=free}}</ref>
-The epicenter of the 1933 Sanriku earthquake was located offshore, {{convert|290|km|mi}}
-east of the city of [[Kamaishi, Iwate]]. The initial shock occurred at 0231 AM local time on March 3, 1933 (1731 [[UTC]] March 2, 1933). The earthquake measured 8.4 on the [[moment magnitude scale]] <ref name=USGS>{{cite web
-|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/events/1933_03_02.php |title=Historical Earthquakes:The 1933 Sanriku earthquake |accessdate=2008-07-16 |work= |publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] |date=14 March 2008| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080724115436/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/events/1933_03_02.php| archivedate= 24 July 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> and was in approximately the same location as the [[1896 Meiji-Sanriku earthquake]]. The epicenter occurred far enough away from the town that the earthquake itself did little damage to buildings. Approximately three hours after the main shock was a magnitude 6.8 [[aftershock]], followed by 76 more aftershocks (with a magnitude of 5.0 or greater) over a period of six months.<ref>[http://www.hp1039.jishin.go.jp/eqchreng/4-2-1.htm title<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> This earthquake was an intraplate earthquake in the [[Pacific Plate]].<ref>"日本海溝・千島海溝周辺海溝型地震に関する専門調査会報告" by 日本海溝・千島海溝周辺海溝型地震に関する専門調査会</ref> The focal mechanism of this earthquake showed that it was a normal faulting earthquake.<ref>"Outer trench-slope faulting and the 2011 M<sub>w</sub> 9.0 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake" by T. Lay, C. J. Ammon, H. Kanamori, M. J. Kim, and L. Xue</ref>
 ==Damage==
-Although the earthquake did little damage, the associated [[tsunami]], which was recorded to reach the height of {{convert|28.7|m|ft}} at [[Ōfunato, Iwate]], caused extensive damage, destroyed many homes and caused numerous casualties <ref>The Great Meiji Sanriku tsunami of 1896 is estimated to have generated a wave 38.2 meters high ([http://shippai.jst.go.jp/en/Detail?fn=2&id=CA1000616 Masayuki Nakao, "The Great Meiji Sanriku Tsunami"]</ref> The tsunami destroyed over 7,000 homes along the northern Japanese coastline, of which over 4,885 were washed away. The tsunami was also recorded in [[Hawaii]] with a height of {{convert|9.5|ft|m}}, and which also resulted in slight damage.<ref name=USGS/> The death toll came to 1522 people confirmed dead, 1542 missing, and 12,053 injured. Hardest hit was the town of [[Tarō, Iwate]] (now part of [[Miyako, Iwate|Miyako city]]), with 98% of its houses destroyed and 42% of its population killed.<ref>Corkill, Edan, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20110612x1.html Heights of survival]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 12 June 2011, pp. 9–10.</ref>
+Although little damage was produced from the shock, the [[tsunami]], which was recorded to reach the height of {{convert|28.7|m|ft}} at [[Ōfunato, Iwate]], caused extensive damage, and destroyed many homes and caused numerous casualties.<ref>[http://www.shippai.org/fkd/en/cfen/CA1000616.html Masayuki Nakao, "The Great Meiji Sanriku Tsunami"]. Association For The Study Of Failure</ref> The tsunami destroyed over 7,000 homes along the northern Japanese coastline, of which over 4,885 were washed away. The tsunami was also recorded in [[Hawaii]] with a height of {{convert|9.5|ft|m}}, and also resulted in slight damage.<ref name=USGS/> The death toll came to 1,522 people confirmed dead, 1,542 missing, and 12,053 injured. Hardest hit was the town of [[Tarō, Iwate]] (now part of [[Miyako, Iwate|Miyako city]]), with 98% of its houses destroyed and 42% of its population killed.<ref>Corkill, Edan, "[http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/fl20110612x1.html Heights of survival]", ''[[Japan Times]]'', 12 June 2011, pp. 9–10.</ref>
 ==See also==
@@ Line 40: / Line 42: @@
 ==External links==
 * [http://www.criticalpast.com/video/65675076532_natural-disasters_rubble-on-ground_people-gather_damaged-buildings Historic video footage of devastation following 1933 Sanriku Earthquake]
+* {{EQ-isc-link|905420}}
 {{Earthquakes in 1933}}
 {{Earthquakes in Japan}}
+{{Authority control}}
 [[Category:1933 earthquakes|Sanriku]]
 [[Category:1933 in Japan|Sanriku]]
-[[Category:Empire of Japan]]
+[[Category:March 1933 events]]
-[[Category:Tsunamis in Japan]]
 [[Category:1930s tsunamis]]
+[[Category:Earthquakes in the Empire of Japan]]
+[[Category:Tsunamis in Japan]]
+[[Category:Earthquakes of the Showa period]]
+[[Category:1933 disasters in Japan]]

v t e Earthquakes in the 1930s
1930	Bago (7.5, May 5) † Salmas (7.1, May 6) †‡ Irpinia (6.6, July 3) † Dhubri (7.1, July 3) Senigallia (5,8, Oct 30) North Izu (7.3, Nov 26) † Pyu (7.3, Dec 4) †
1931	Oaxaca (7.8, Jan 15) † Myitkyina (7.6, Jan 28) Hawke's Bay (7.8, Feb 3) † Nicaragua (5.6, Mar 31) † Zangezur (6.5, Apr 27) North Sea (6.1, June 7) Fuyun (7.9, Aug 10) †‡ Texas (6.5, Aug 16) Sumatra (7.3, Sep 25)
1932	Jalisco (8.2 & 7.7 & 7.0, June 3 & 18 & 22) † Eureka (6.4, June 6) Ierissos (7.0 Sept 26) †‡ Cedar Mountain (7.2, Dec 20) Changma (7.6, Dec 25) †
1933	Sanriku (8.4, Mar 2) † Long Beach (6.4, Mar 10) † Kos (6.4, Apr 23) † Sumatra (7.7, Jun 24) † Diexi (7.3 Aug 25) †‡ Baffin Bay (7.7, Nov 20)
1934	Bihar (8.0, January 15) † ‡ Pahiatua (7.6, Mar 5) Hansel Valley (6.6, March 12)
1935	Erdek–Marmara Islands (7.4, Jan 4) Shinchiku-Taichū (7.1, Apr 21) † Digor (6.1, May 1) † Quetta (7.7, May 31) †‡ Helena (6.2, Oct 19) Timiskaming (6.1, Nov 1) Sumatra (7.7, Dec 28)
1937	Orizaba (7.3, Jul 26) † Heze (7.0, Aug 1) †‡
1939	Chillán (7.9, Jan 25) † Oga (7.0, May 1) Erzincan (7.8, Dec 27) †‡
† indicates earthquake resulting in at least 30 deaths ‡ indicates the deadliest earthquake of the year

v t e Earthquakes in Japan
Historical	679 Tsukushi 684 Hakuho 869 Jōgan 1293 Kamakura 1361 Shōhei 1498 Meiō 1586 Tenshō 1596 Fushimi 1605 Keichō 1611 Aizu 1611 Sanriku 1662 Kanbun 1662 Hyūga-nada 1677 Bōsō 1703 Genroku 1707 Hōei 1741 Kampo 1751 Takada 1771 Great Yaeyama 1792 Unzen 1804 Kisakata 1828 Sanjō 1833 Shōnai 1847 Zenkoji 1854 Iga–Ueno 1854 Nankai 1854 Tōkai 1855 Edo 1858 Hietsu 1872 Hamada 1889 Kumamoto 1891 Mino–Owari 1894 Tokyo 1894 Shōnai 1896 Sanriku 1896 Rikuu
20th century	1909 Anegawa 1911 Kikai Island 1914 Senboku 1922 Shimabara 1923 Great Kantō 1925 North Tajima 1927 North Tango 1930 North Izu 1933 Sanriku 1936 Miyagi 1939 Oga 1940 Shakotan 1941 Hyūga-nada 1943 Tottori 1944 Tōnankai 1945 Mikawa 1946 Nankai 1948 Fukui 1952 Tokachi 1961 North Mino 1963 Kuril Islands 1964 Niigata 1968 Ebino 1968 Hyūga-nada 1968 Tokachi 1973 Nemuro Peninsula 1974 Izu Peninsula 1978 Izu Ōshima 1978 Miyagi 1982 Urakawa 1983 Sea of Japan 1984 Nagano 1993 Kushiro 1993 Okushiri 1994 offshore Sanriku 1995 Hanshin 2000 Izu Islands 2000 Tottori
21st century	2001 Geiyo 2003 Miyagi 2003 Tokachi 2004 Chūetsu 2005 Fukuoka 2005 Miyagi 2006 Kuril Islands 2007 Chūetsu 2007 Kuril Islands 2007 Noto 2008 Iwate–Miyagi 2008 Iwate 2009 Shizuoka 2011 Tōhoku 2011 Nagano 2011 Shizuoka 2011 Miyagi 2011 Fukushima 2012 Chiba 2012 Sanriku 2014 Nagano 2015 Ogasawara 2016 Kumamoto 2016 Tottori 2016 Fukushima 2018 Osaka 2018 Hokkaido Eastern Iburi 2019 Yamagata 2021 Fukushima 2021 Miyagi 2021 Chiba 2022 Fukushima 2023 Noto 2024 Noto
Related articles	Nankai megathrust earthquakes Tōkai earthquakes Tōnankai earthquakes Nankai earthquakes South Kantō earthquakes Matsushiro earthquake swarm

Latest revision as of 18:09, 23 January 2024

Earthquake[edit]

Damage[edit]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

External links[edit]