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{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2011}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2020}}
{{Infobox military unit
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name= 11th Infantry Brigade
|unit_name= 11th Infantry Brigade
| image= 11th_bct.svg
| image= 11th_bct.svg
|caption=Shoulder sleeve insignia
|caption=Shoulder sleeve insignia (approved 1966)
|dates= {{plainlist|
|dates= {{plainlist|
*1917–1921
* 1917–1921
*1926–1940
* 1926–1940
*1967–1971
* 1967–1971
}}
}}
|country= {{flag|United States of America}}
|country= {{flagu|United States}}
|allegiance=
|allegiance=
|branch={{army|United States}}
|branch={{army|United States}}
|type= [[Infantry]]
|type= [[Infantry]]
|role= Light infantry (1967–1971)
|role= Light infantry (1967–1971)
|size= [[Brigade]]
|size=
|command_structure=
|command_structure=
|garrison=
|garrison=
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|mascot=
|mascot=
|battles=[[World War I]]<br>[[Vietnam War]]
|battles=[[World War I]]<br>[[Vietnam War]]
*[[My Lai massacre]]
|anniversaries=
|anniversaries=
|decorations=
|decorations=
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<!-- Insignia -->
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol=[[File:11 Inf Bde DUI.jpg|150px]]
|identification_symbol=[[File:11 Inf Bde DUI.jpg|150px]]
|identification_symbol_label=Distinctive unit insignia
|identification_symbol_label=Distinctive unit insignia (approved 1966)
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2=
|identification_symbol_2_label=
|identification_symbol_2_label=
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== History ==
== History ==
===World War I===
===World War I===
The headquarters of the 11th Infantry Brigade was constituted on 16 November 1917 in the [[Regular Army (United States)|Regular Army]] as part of the [[6th Infantry Division (United States)|6th Division]] and organized on 4 December at [[Camp Forrest]].{{Sfn|Wilson|1999|p=209}} The brigade included the [[51st Infantry Regiment (United States)|51st]] and [[52nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|52nd Infantry Regiment]]<nowiki/>s, as well as the 17th Machine Gun Battalion.{{Sfn|Historical Section, Army War College|1931|p=90}}
The headquarters of the 11th Infantry Brigade was constituted on 16 November 1917 in the [[Regular Army (United States)|Regular Army]] as part of the [[6th Infantry Division (United States)|6th Division]] and organized on 4 December at [[Camp Forrest]].{{Sfn|Wilson|1999|p=209}} The brigade included the [[51st Infantry Regiment (United States)|51st]] and [[52nd Infantry Regiment (United States)|52nd Infantry Regiments]], as well as the 17th Machine Gun Battalion.{{Sfn|Historical Section, Army War College|1931|p=90}} The 51st and 52nd were formed in June of that year from personnel of the [[11th Infantry Regiment (United States)|11th Infantry Regiment]].{{Sfn|Historical Section, Army War College|1931|p=93}}


The Brigade began its overseas service in June 1918 and spent 43 days in combat in France. It was commanded by Brigadier General [[William Robert Dashiell|William Dashiell]]. After the end of the war, it spent six months on occupation duty with the 6th Division near [[Aignay-le-Duc]] and [[Bad Bertrich]] during the [[Occupation of the Rhineland]]. The brigade returned to [[New York Port of Embarkation|New York]] on 13 June 1919 aboard the [[USS Leviathan|USS ''Leviathan'']] and briefly remained at [[Camp Mills]] before moving to [[Camp Grant (Illinois)|Camp Grant]] on 17 June. On 6 May 1921 the brigade headquarters was redesignated as its headquarters and headquarters company (HHC). The brigade was inactivated there on 7 September.{{Sfn|Wilson|1999|p=209}} As Dashiell remained in France after the brigade departed, command passed to Colonel Ernest V. Smith in June, Colonel Charles B. Stone on 10 August, Colonel Carl Reichman on 5 October, Brigadier General Eli Helmick on 1 June 1921, and Colonel Frank B. Watson from 3 July to its inactivation.{{Sfn|Clay|2010a|p=300}}
The Brigade began its overseas service in June 1918 and spent 43 days in combat in France. It was commanded by Brigadier General [[William Robert Dashiell|William Dashiell]]. After the end of the war, it spent six months on occupation duty with the 6th Division near [[Aignay-le-Duc]] and [[Bad Bertrich]] during the [[Occupation of the Rhineland]]. The brigade returned to [[New York Port of Embarkation|New York]] on 13 June 1919 aboard the [[USS Leviathan|USS ''Leviathan'']] and briefly remained at [[Camp Mills]] before moving to [[Camp Grant (Illinois)|Camp Grant]] on 17 June. On 6 May 1921 the brigade headquarters was redesignated as its headquarters and headquarters company (HHC). The brigade was inactivated there on 7 September.{{Sfn|Wilson|1999|p=209}} As Dashiell remained in France after the brigade departed, command passed to Colonel Erneste V. Smith in June, Colonel Charles B. Stone on 10 August, Colonel Carl Reichman on 5 October, Brigadier General [[Eli Alva Helmick|Eli Helmick]] on 1 June 1921, and Colonel Frank B. Watson from 3 July to its inactivation.{{Sfn|Clay|2010a|p=300}}


=== Interwar period ===
=== Interwar period ===
The [[12th Infantry Brigade (United States)|12th Infantry Brigade]] served as its active associate unit in event of mobilization between 1921 and 1927. The brigade was redesignated as the 11th Brigade on 23 March 1925, and its headquarters organized on 9 September 1926 as a Regular Army Inactive (RAI) unit – manned with [[Organized Reserve]] personnel – at [[Chicago]]. The brigade continued to include the 51st and 52nd Infantry, also organized as RAI units, and on 15 August 1927 was reassigned to the [[9th Infantry Division (United States)|9th Division]]. It returned to the 6th Division on 1 October 1933, and again became the 11th Infantry Brigade on 24 August 1936. During most of the interwar years after 1926, the headquarters participated in annual summer training at [[Fort Sheridan, Illinois|Fort Sheridan]], while its regiments trained [[Citizens' Military Training Camp]] participants at Fort Sheridan or [[Camp Custer]] during summers. Known Organized Reserve officers who commanded the RAI brigade headquarters were Captain Henry Fulks (9 September 1926 to after June 1935), 1st Lieutenant Roy W. Dart (8 April 1936 to June 1937), and Major John A. Greene (June to after July 1937). The brigade headquarters, along with the headquarters of the 6th Division and 12th Brigade, participated in the [[Century of Progress]] parade on 27 May 1933 in Chicago.{{Sfn|Clay|2010b|p=2728}} The headquarters was relieved from the 6th Division on 6 October 1939 and disbanded on 1 July 1940{{Sfn|Wilson|1999|p=209}} when the army shifted from a [[Square division|square divisional]] structure with two brigades of two regiments each to a [[Triangular division|Triangular]] structure with three regiments that eliminated brigades.{{Sfn|Clay|2010a|p=300}}
The 11th Infantry Brigade served as the active associate unit for the brigade HHC in event of mobilization between 1921 and 1927. The brigade was redesignated as the 11th Brigade on 23 March 1925, and its headquarters organized on 9 September 1926 as a Regular Army Inactive (RAI) unit – manned with [[Organized Reserve]] personnel – at [[Chicago]]. The brigade continued to include the 51st and 52d Infantry, also organized as RAI units, and on 15 August 1927 was reassigned to the [[9th Infantry Division (United States)|9th Division]]. It returned to the 6th Division on 1 October 1933, and again became the 11th Infantry Brigade on 24 August 1936. During most of the interwar years after 1926, the headquarters participated in annual summer training at [[Fort Sheridan, Illinois|Fort Sheridan]], while its regiments trained [[Citizens' Military Training Camp]] participants at Fort Sheridan or [[Camp Custer]] during summers. Known Organized Reserve officers who commanded the RAI brigade headquarters were Captain Henry Fulks (9 September 1926 to after June 1935), 1st Lieutenant Roy W. Dart (8 April 1936 to June 1937), and Major John A. Greene (June to after July 1937). The brigade headquarters, along with the headquarters of the 6th Division and 12th Brigade, participated in the [[Century of Progress]] parade on 27 May 1933 in Chicago.{{Sfn|Clay|2010b|p=2728}} The headquarters was relieved from the 6th Division on 6 October 1939 when the army shifted from a [[square division]]al structure with two brigades of two regiments each to a [[Triangular division|Triangular]] structure with three regiments that eliminated brigades.{{Sfn|Clay|2010a|p=300}} Four days after the relief of the brigade headquarters, the 6th was reactivated under the Triangular structure at [[Fort Lewis (Washington)|Fort Lewis]].{{Sfn|Clay|2010a|p=214}} The brigade headquarters was officially disbanded on 1 July 1940.{{Sfn|Wilson|1999|p=209}}


=== Vietnam ===
=== Vietnam War ===
The brigade HHC was reconstituted on 15 April 1966 in the Regular Army and activated at [[Schofield Barracks]], Hawaii on 1 July of that year.{{Sfn|Wilson|1999|p=209}} The brigade was formed in order to replace the [[25th Infantry Division (United States)|25th Infantry Division]], stationed at Schofield Barracks, after the deployment of the latter to [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]]; it formed part of the army's strategic reserve. Its designation was selected under the assumption that the 6th Infantry Division would be soon reactivated. Organized as a separate infantry brigade, it initially also included three infantry battalions – the 3rd Battalion, [[1st Infantry Regiment (United States)|1st Infantry]], 4th Battalion, [[3rd Infantry Regiment|3rd Infantry]], and 1st Battalion, [[20th Infantry Regiment (United States)|20th Infantry]] – as well as the 6th Support Battalion, a reconnaissance troop (Troop E, [[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Cavalry]]), and a military police company. However, a lack of the necessary personnel and equipment prevented the organization of the field artillery battalion, engineer company, and signal platoon that completed the structure of a separate brigade. Despite its reduced strength, the 11th began training and ultimately organized the remaining units at Fort Schofield.{{Sfn|Wilson|1998|p=326}} Its [[M102 howitzer|towed 105 mm howitzer]] direct support field artillery battalion, the 6th Battalion, [[11th Artillery Regiment (United States)|11th Artillery]], was activated on 1 March 1967,{{Sfn|McKenney|2010|p=433}} followed by the [[6th Engineer Battalion (United States)|6th Engineer Company]] on 15 June.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=https://history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/lineages/branches/eng/0006enbn.htm|title=6th Engineer Battalion (Oak)|date=25 April 2015|publisher=United States Army Center of Military History|access-date=3 February 2019}}</ref> A fourth infantry battalion, the 4th Battalion, 21st Infantry, was activated at Schofield on 1 November.{{Sfn|Mahon|Danysh|1972|p=452}}
[[File:Vietnam....Specialist._4_Richard_Champion,_squad_leader,_Company_B,_4th_Battalion,_21st_Infantry,_11th_Light_Infantry..._-_NARA_-_531467.tif|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vietnam....Specialist._4_Richard_Champion,_squad_leader,_Company_B,_4th_Battalion,_21st_Infantry,_11th_Light_Infantry..._-_NARA_-_531467.tif|thumb|A 4th Battalion, 21st Infantry squad leader shouting instructions after taking sniper fire on a patrol southeast of Chu Lai, 1971]]
The brigade HHC was reconstituted on 15 April 1966 in the Regular Army and activated at [[Schofield Barracks]], Hawaii on 1 July of that year.{{Sfn|Wilson|1999|p=209}} The brigade was organized as a separate [[infantry]] brigade as the first element of the 6th Infantry Division. The 6th Infantry Division was scheduled to be activated for deployment to Vietnam but Secretary of Defense [[Robert McNamara|McNamara]] cancelled its activation. The 11th Infantry Brigade was deployed, and during the [[Vietnam War]] served in the [[United States Army]]'s [[Americal Division|23rd Infantry Division (called the Americal Division)]]. Elements of the brigade were responsible for the [[My Lai massacre]] where members of the brigade's 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry Regiment murdered between 340 and 500 civilians in 1968. Many of its former servicemen were interviewed in the documentary ''[[Four Hours in My Lai]]''.


The 11th Infantry Brigade was deployed to South Vietnam in December 1967 due to a need for additional American troops there,{{Sfn|Wilson|1998|p=326}} and during the Vietnam War served in the [[United States Army]]'s [[Americal Division|23rd Infantry Division (called the Americal Division)]].{{Sfn|McGrath|2004|p=232}} The 6th Engineer Company was inactivated on 15 January 1968, after the brigade arrived in Vietnam and reconstituted as Company C, 26th Engineer Battalion, remaining in support of the 11th LIB.<ref name=":0" /> Elements of the brigade were responsible for the [[My Lai massacre]] where members of the brigade's 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry murdered between 340 and 500 civilians in 1968. Many of its former servicemen were interviewed in the documentary ''[[Four Hours in My Lai]]''.[[File:Vietnam....Specialist. 4 Richard Champion, squad leader, Company B, 4th Battalion, 21st Infantry, 11th Light Infantry... - NARA - 531467.jpg|thumb|A 4th Battalion, 21st Infantry squad leader shouting instructions after taking sniper fire on a patrol southeast of Chu Lai, 1971]] In June 1971, then Brigadier General [[John W Donaldson|John W. Donaldson]], former commander of the Brigade would be accused and later acquitted of killing 6 Vietnamese civilians on operations between November 1968 and January 1969.
In June 1971, then Brigadier General [[John W Donaldson|John W. Donaldson]], former commander of the Brigade would be accused and later acquitted of killing 6 Vietnamese civilians on operations between November 1968 and January 1969. Correction: He was not acquitted, the charges were dropped due to lack of evidence.


Order of battle:
Order of battle:
*Headquarters & Headquarters Company
* Headquarters & Headquarters Company
*3rd Battalion, [[1st Infantry Regiment (United States)|1st Infantry]]
* 3rd Battalion, [[1st Infantry Regiment (United States)|1st Infantry]]
*4th Battalion, [[3rd United States Infantry Regiment|3rd Infantry]]
* 4th Battalion, [[3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment (The Old Guard)|3rd Infantry]]
*1st Battalion, [[20th Infantry Regiment (United States)|20th Infantry]]
* 1st Battalion, [[20th Infantry Regiment (United States)|20th Infantry]]
*4th Battalion, [[21st Infantry Regiment (United States)|21st Infantry]]
* 4th Battalion, [[21st Infantry Regiment (United States)|21st Infantry]]
*6th Battalion, [[11th Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|11th Artillery]]
* 6th Battalion, [[11th Field Artillery Regiment|11th Artillery]]
*6th Support Battalion
* 6th Support Battalion
*6th Engineer Company
* 6th Engineer Company
*52nd Military Intelligence Detachment
* 52nd Military Intelligence Detachment
*Troop E, [[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Cavalry]]
* Troop E, [[1st Cavalry Regiment (United States)|1st Cavalry]]


For its service in Vietnam, the entire 11th was awarded the [[Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry]] with Palm for 1969 and 1970, while the HHC received the award for 1968–1969 and 1971. The brigade HHC was inactivated at [[Fort Lewis]] on 30 November 1971, along with the rest of the brigade. Its lineage is continued by the inactive 1st Brigade, [[6th Infantry Division (United States)|6th Infantry Division]], which it was redesignated as on 16 April 1985.{{Sfn|Wilson|1999|p=209}}
For its service in Vietnam, the entire 11th was awarded the [[Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry]] with Palm for 1969 and 1970, while the HHC received the award for 1968–1969 and 1971. The brigade HHC was inactivated at Fort Lewis on 30 November 1971, along with the rest of the brigade. Its lineage is continued by the inactive 1st Brigade, [[6th Infantry Division (United States)|6th Infantry Division]],{{Sfn|McGrath|2004|p=165}} which it was redesignated as on 16 April 1985.{{Sfn|Wilson|1999|p=209}}


== Honors ==
== Honors ==
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|-
|-
|rowspan="2"|[[File:World War I War Service Streamer without inscription.png|200px]]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:World War I War Service Streamer without inscription.png|200px]]
|rowspan="2"| [[ World War I Victory Medal (United States)|World War I Victory]]
|rowspan="2"| [[World War I Victory Medal (United States)|World War I Victory]]
||Meuse-Argonne
||Meuse-Argonne
|-
|-
Line 124: Line 124:


=== Citations ===
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}
<references />


=== Bibliography ===
=== Bibliography ===
* {{Cite book|url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/OrderofBattle1.pdf|title=US Army Order of Battle 1919–1941|last=Clay|first=Steven E.|publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press|year=2010a|isbn=978-0-9841901-4-0|volume=1|location=Fort Leavenworth, Kansas}}

*{{Cite book|url=https://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/OrderofBattle1.pdf|title=US Army Order of Battle 1919–1941|last=Clay|first=Steven E.|publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press|year=2010a|isbn=978-0-9841901-4-0|volume=1|location=Fort Leavenworth, Kansas|pages=|ref=harv}}
* {{Cite book|url=http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/OrderOfBattle/OrderofBattle4.pdf|title=US Army Order of Battle 1919–1941|last=Clay|first=Steven E.|publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press|year=2010b|isbn=9780984190140|volume=4|location=Fort Leavenworth, Kansas}}
*{{Cite book|url=http://usacac.army.mil/cac2/cgsc/carl/download/csipubs/OrderOfBattle/OrderofBattle4.pdf|title=US Army Order of Battle 1919–1941|last=Clay|first=Steven E.|publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press|year=2010b|isbn=9780984190140|volume=4|location=Fort Leavenworth, Kansas|pages=|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/023/23-2/CMH_Pub_23-2.pdf|title=Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War; American Expeditionary Forces; Divisions|last=Historical Section, Army War College|publisher=Government Printing Office|year=1931|edition=Reprint, 1988|location=Washington}}
* {{Cite book|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31210003841721;view=1up;seq=3|title=Infantry: Part I: Regular Army|last1=Mahon|first1=John K.|last2=Danysh|first2=Romana|series=Army lineage series |publisher=Office of the Chief of Military History, United States Army|year=1972|location=Washington, D.C.|oclc=504601}}
*{{cite book|url=https://history.army.mil/html/books/023/23-2/CMH_Pub_23-2.pdf|title=Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the World War; American Expeditionary Forces; Divisions|last=Historical Section, Army War College|first=|publisher=Government Printing Office|year=1931|isbn=|edition=Reprint, 1988|location=Washington|pages=|ref=harv}}
*{{cite book|url=http://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/Brigade-AHistory.pdf|title=The Brigade: A History: Its Organization and Employment in the US Army|last=McGrath|first=John J.|publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-4404-4915-4|location=Fort Leavenworth, Kansas|pages=|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|url=http://www.armyupress.army.mil/Portals/7/combat-studies-institute/csi-books/Brigade-AHistory.pdf|title=The Brigade: A History: Its Organization and Employment in the US Army|last=McGrath|first=John J.|publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press|year=2004|isbn=978-1-4404-4915-4|location=Fort Leavenworth, Kansas}}
* {{Cite book|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-11_pt1/CMH_Pub_60-11_pt1.pdf|title=Field Artillery: Regular Army and Army Reserve, Part 1 (Army Lineage Series)|last=McKenney|first=Janice E.|publisher=Center of Military History|year=2010|series=CMH Pub 60-11|location=Washington, D.C.|oclc=275151269|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-date=20 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150920173939/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-11_pt1/CMH_Pub_60-11_pt1.pdf|url-status=dead}}
*Summers, Harry G. Historical Atlas of the Vietnam War. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
* Summers, Harry G. Historical Atlas of the Vietnam War. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company.
*Stanton, Shelby L. Vietnam Order of Battle, A Complete Illustrated Reference to U.S. Army Combat and Support Forces in Vietnam 1961-1973. Stackpole Books, 1981.
* Stanton, Shelby L. Vietnam Order of Battle, A Complete Illustrated Reference to U.S. Army Combat and Support Forces in Vietnam 1961–1973. Stackpole Books, 1981.
*{{cite book|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-7/cmhPub_60-7-1.pdf|title=Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades|last=Wilson|first=John B.|date=1999|publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History|Center for Military History, U.S. Army]]|year=|isbn=0-16-049994-1|location=Washington, D.C.|pages=|format=PDF|ref=harv|access-date=}}
* {{cite book|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-14-1/cmhPub_60-14-1.pdf|title=Maneuver and Firepower: The Evolution of Divisions and Separate Brigades|last=Wilson|first=John B.|date=1998|publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History|Center for Military History, U.S. Army]]|isbn=0-16-049571-7|location=[[Washington, D.C.]]|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-date=1 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301211444/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-14-1/cmhPub_60-14-1.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book|url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-7/cmhPub_60-7-1.pdf|title=Armies, Corps, Divisions, and Separate Brigades|last=Wilson|first=John B.|date=1999|publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History|Center for Military History, U.S. Army]]|isbn=0-16-049994-1|location=Washington, D.C.|access-date=3 February 2019|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924090811/http://www.history.army.mil/html/books/060/60-7/cmhPub_60-7-1.pdf|url-status=dead}}


==External links==
==External links==

Latest revision as of 11:23, 3 September 2023

11th Infantry Brigade
Shoulder sleeve insignia (approved 1966)
Active
  • 1917–1921
  • 1926–1940
  • 1967–1971
Country United States
Branch United States Army
TypeInfantry
RoleLight infantry (1967–1971)
EngagementsWorld War I
Vietnam War
Insignia
Distinctive unit insignia (approved 1966)

The 11th Infantry Brigade is an inactive infantry brigade of the United States Army. It was first formed as part of the 6th Division during World War I. It is best known for its service with the 23rd Infantry Division from 1967 through 1971 in the Vietnam War as a light infantry brigade. The brigade is known for its responsibility in the My Lai Massacre.

History[edit]

World War I[edit]

The headquarters of the 11th Infantry Brigade was constituted on 16 November 1917 in the Regular Army as part of the 6th Division and organized on 4 December at Camp Forrest.[1] The brigade included the 51st and 52nd Infantry Regiments, as well as the 17th Machine Gun Battalion.[2] The 51st and 52nd were formed in June of that year from personnel of the 11th Infantry Regiment.[3]

The Brigade began its overseas service in June 1918 and spent 43 days in combat in France. It was commanded by Brigadier General William Dashiell. After the end of the war, it spent six months on occupation duty with the 6th Division near Aignay-le-Duc and Bad Bertrich during the Occupation of the Rhineland. The brigade returned to New York on 13 June 1919 aboard the USS Leviathan and briefly remained at Camp Mills before moving to Camp Grant on 17 June. On 6 May 1921 the brigade headquarters was redesignated as its headquarters and headquarters company (HHC). The brigade was inactivated there on 7 September.[1] As Dashiell remained in France after the brigade departed, command passed to Colonel Erneste V. Smith in June, Colonel Charles B. Stone on 10 August, Colonel Carl Reichman on 5 October, Brigadier General Eli Helmick on 1 June 1921, and Colonel Frank B. Watson from 3 July to its inactivation.[4]

Interwar period[edit]

The 11th Infantry Brigade served as the active associate unit for the brigade HHC in event of mobilization between 1921 and 1927. The brigade was redesignated as the 11th Brigade on 23 March 1925, and its headquarters organized on 9 September 1926 as a Regular Army Inactive (RAI) unit – manned with Organized Reserve personnel – at Chicago. The brigade continued to include the 51st and 52d Infantry, also organized as RAI units, and on 15 August 1927 was reassigned to the 9th Division. It returned to the 6th Division on 1 October 1933, and again became the 11th Infantry Brigade on 24 August 1936. During most of the interwar years after 1926, the headquarters participated in annual summer training at Fort Sheridan, while its regiments trained Citizens' Military Training Camp participants at Fort Sheridan or Camp Custer during summers. Known Organized Reserve officers who commanded the RAI brigade headquarters were Captain Henry Fulks (9 September 1926 to after June 1935), 1st Lieutenant Roy W. Dart (8 April 1936 to June 1937), and Major John A. Greene (June to after July 1937). The brigade headquarters, along with the headquarters of the 6th Division and 12th Brigade, participated in the Century of Progress parade on 27 May 1933 in Chicago.[5] The headquarters was relieved from the 6th Division on 6 October 1939 when the army shifted from a square divisional structure with two brigades of two regiments each to a Triangular structure with three regiments that eliminated brigades.[4] Four days after the relief of the brigade headquarters, the 6th was reactivated under the Triangular structure at Fort Lewis.[6] The brigade headquarters was officially disbanded on 1 July 1940.[1]

Vietnam War[edit]

The brigade HHC was reconstituted on 15 April 1966 in the Regular Army and activated at Schofield Barracks, Hawaii on 1 July of that year.[1] The brigade was formed in order to replace the 25th Infantry Division, stationed at Schofield Barracks, after the deployment of the latter to Vietnam; it formed part of the army's strategic reserve. Its designation was selected under the assumption that the 6th Infantry Division would be soon reactivated. Organized as a separate infantry brigade, it initially also included three infantry battalions – the 3rd Battalion, 1st Infantry, 4th Battalion, 3rd Infantry, and 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry – as well as the 6th Support Battalion, a reconnaissance troop (Troop E, 1st Cavalry), and a military police company. However, a lack of the necessary personnel and equipment prevented the organization of the field artillery battalion, engineer company, and signal platoon that completed the structure of a separate brigade. Despite its reduced strength, the 11th began training and ultimately organized the remaining units at Fort Schofield.[7] Its towed 105 mm howitzer direct support field artillery battalion, the 6th Battalion, 11th Artillery, was activated on 1 March 1967,[8] followed by the 6th Engineer Company on 15 June.[9] A fourth infantry battalion, the 4th Battalion, 21st Infantry, was activated at Schofield on 1 November.[10]

The 11th Infantry Brigade was deployed to South Vietnam in December 1967 due to a need for additional American troops there,[7] and during the Vietnam War served in the United States Army's 23rd Infantry Division (called the Americal Division).[11] The 6th Engineer Company was inactivated on 15 January 1968, after the brigade arrived in Vietnam and reconstituted as Company C, 26th Engineer Battalion, remaining in support of the 11th LIB.[9] Elements of the brigade were responsible for the My Lai massacre where members of the brigade's 1st Battalion, 20th Infantry murdered between 340 and 500 civilians in 1968. Many of its former servicemen were interviewed in the documentary Four Hours in My Lai.

A 4th Battalion, 21st Infantry squad leader shouting instructions after taking sniper fire on a patrol southeast of Chu Lai, 1971

In June 1971, then Brigadier General John W. Donaldson, former commander of the Brigade would be accused and later acquitted of killing 6 Vietnamese civilians on operations between November 1968 and January 1969.

Order of battle:

For its service in Vietnam, the entire 11th was awarded the Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry with Palm for 1969 and 1970, while the HHC received the award for 1968–1969 and 1971. The brigade HHC was inactivated at Fort Lewis on 30 November 1971, along with the rest of the brigade. Its lineage is continued by the inactive 1st Brigade, 6th Infantry Division,[12] which it was redesignated as on 16 April 1985.[1]

Honors[edit]

The 11th Infantry Brigade was awarded two campaign streamers in World War I and eleven campaign streamers and one foreign unit award in the Vietnam War.[1]

Conflict Streamer Inscription
Republic of Vietnam Cross of Gallantry (With Palm) Embroidered "Vietnam 1969, 1970"
World War I Victory Meuse-Argonne
Alsace 1918
Vietnam Service Counteroffensive, Phase III
Tet Counteroffensive
Counteroffensive, Phase IV
Counteroffensive, Phase V
Counteroffensive, Phase VI
Tet 69/Counteroffensive
Summer-Fall 1969
Winter-Spring 1970
Sanctuary Counteroffensive
Counteroffensive, Phase VII
Consolidation I

References[edit]

Citations[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wilson 1999, p. 209.
  2. ^ Historical Section, Army War College 1931, p. 90.
  3. ^ Historical Section, Army War College 1931, p. 93.
  4. ^ a b Clay 2010a, p. 300.
  5. ^ Clay 2010b, p. 2728.
  6. ^ Clay 2010a, p. 214.
  7. ^ a b Wilson 1998, p. 326.
  8. ^ McKenney 2010, p. 433.
  9. ^ a b "6th Engineer Battalion (Oak)". United States Army Center of Military History. 25 April 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  10. ^ Mahon & Danysh 1972, p. 452.
  11. ^ McGrath 2004, p. 232.
  12. ^ McGrath 2004, p. 165.

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