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The Big Bang is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from a primordial state of high density and temperature. It was first proposed...

Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used...

A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The word...

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.: 445  Gauge...

The cosmic microwave background (CMB or CMBR) is microwave radiation that fills all space in the observable universe. It is a remnant that provides an...

Alpha particles, also called alpha rays or alpha radiation, consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium-4...

Van Allen radiation belt is a zone of energetic charged particles, most of which originate from the solar wind, that are captured by and held around a...

In physics, angular velocity (symbol ω or ω → {\displaystyle {\vec {\omega }}} , the lowercase Greek letter omega), also known as angular frequency vector...

Quantum information science is a field that combines the principles of quantum mechanics with information theory to study the processing, analysis, and...

Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɛikə ˈkaːmərlɪŋ ˈɔnəs]; 21 September 1853 – 21 February 1926) was a Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate...

In theoretical physics and mathematical physics, analytical mechanics, or theoretical mechanics is a collection of closely related formulations of classical...

Gravitational energy or gravitational potential energy is the potential energy a massive object has due to its position in a gravitational field. It is...

Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a fusion energy process that initiates nuclear fusion reactions by compressing and heating targets filled with fuel...

Ralph Asher Alpher (February 3, 1921 – August 12, 2007) was an American cosmologist, who carried out pioneering work in the early 1950s on the Big Bang...

Vacuum energy is an underlying background energy that exists in space throughout the entire Universe. The vacuum energy is a special case of zero-point...

Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm (Russian: И́горь Евге́ньевич Тамм; 8 July 1895 – 12 April 1971) was a Soviet physicist who received the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physics...

An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle that describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition piston engine. It is the thermodynamic cycle...

In particle physics, preons are hypothetical point particles, conceived of as sub-components of quarks and leptons. The word was coined by Jogesh Pati...

In geology, saltation (from Latin saltus 'leap, jump') is a specific type of particle transport by fluids such as wind or water. It occurs when loose materials...

Distance measures are used in physical cosmology to give a natural notion of the distance between two objects or events in the universe. They are often...