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In cryptography, a key derivation function (KDF) is a cryptographic algorithm that derives one or more secret keys from a secret value such as a master...

A rainbow table is a precomputed table for caching the outputs of a cryptographic hash function, usually for cracking password hashes. Passwords are typically...

In cryptography, a salt is random data fed as an additional input to a one-way function that hashes data, a password or passphrase. Salting helps defend...

In mathematics, specifically in the representation theory of groups and algebras, an irreducible representation ( ρ , V ) {\displaystyle (\rho ,V)} or...

In mathematics, a multivalued function (also known as a multiple-valued function) is a function that has two or more values in its range for at least one...

In mathematics a radial basis function (RBF) is a real-valued function φ {\textstyle \varphi } whose value depends only on the distance between the input...

The up tack or falsum (⊥, \bot in LaTeX, U+22A5 in Unicode) is a constant symbol used to represent: The truth value 'false', or a logical constant denoting...

In mathematical logic, the theory of infinite sets was first developed by Georg Cantor. Although this work has become a thoroughly standard fixture of...

The history of mathematical notation includes the commencement, progress, and cultural diffusion of mathematical symbols and the conflict of the methods...

In mathematics, the Clausen function, introduced by Thomas Clausen (1832), is a transcendental, special function of a single variable. It can variously...

In statistical theory, Chauvenet's criterion (named for William Chauvenet) is a means of assessing whether one piece of experimental data — an outlier...

Programming with Big Data in R (pbdR) is a series of R packages and an environment for statistical computing with big data by using high-performance statistical...