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Mathematics is an area of knowledge that includes the topics of numbers, formulas and related structures, shapes and the spaces in which they are contained...

A number is a mathematical object used to count, measure, and label. The most basic examples are the natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, and so forth. Numbers...

In mathematics, sine and cosine are trigonometric functions of an angle. The sine and cosine of an acute angle are defined in the context of a right triangle:...

In numerical analysis, Newton's method, also known as the Newton–Raphson method, named after Isaac Newton and Joseph Raphson, is a root-finding algorithm...

Bayesian inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to update the probability...

In statistics, quality assurance, and survey methodology, sampling is the selection of a subset or a statistical sample (termed sample for short) of individuals...

In probability and statistics, Student's t distribution (or simply the t distribution)   t ν   {\displaystyle \ t_{\nu }\ } is a continuous probability...

Cross-validation, sometimes called rotation estimation or out-of-sample testing, is any of various similar model validation techniques for assessing how...

Look up two thousand in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. 2000 (two thousand) is a natural number following 1999 and preceding 2001. It is: the highest...

Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) is an encryption program that provides cryptographic privacy and authentication for data communication. PGP is used for signing...

Floor and ceiling functions In mathematics, the floor function (or greatest integer function) is the function that takes as input a real number x, and...

Eric Wolfgang Weisstein (born March 18, 1969) is an American scientist, mathematician, and encyclopedist who created and maintains the encyclopedias MathWorld...

ROT13 (Rotate13, "rotate by 13 places", sometimes hyphenated ROT-13) is a simple letter substitution cipher that replaces a letter with the 13th letter...

In geometry, a hypotenuse is the side of a right triangle opposite the right angle. It is the longest side of any such triangle; the two other shorter...

A formal system is an abstract structure and formalization of an axiomatic system used for inferring theorems from axioms by a set of inference rules....

Goldbach's conjecture is one of the oldest and best-known unsolved problems in number theory and all of mathematics. It states that every even natural...

In logic, a logical connective (also called a logical operator, sentential connective, or sentential operator) is a logical constant. Connectives can be...

MathWorld is an online mathematics reference work, created and largely written by Eric W. Weisstein. It is sponsored by and licensed to Wolfram Research...

5000 (five thousand) is the natural number following 4999 and preceding 5001. Five thousand is the largest isogrammic numeral in the English language....

Sir Michael Francis Atiyah OM FRS FRSE FMedSci FAA HonFREng (/əˈtiːə/; 22 April 1929 – 11 January 2019) was a British-Lebanese mathematician specialising...