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The '''Basílica i Temple Expiatori de la Sagrada Família''',{{efn|{{bulleted list|Pronunciation: {{IPA-ca|bəˈzilikə ðə lə səˈɣɾaðə fəˈmiljə|}}|Translation: Basilica and Expiatory Temple of the [[Holy Family]]|{{lang-es|Basílica y Templo Expiatorio de la Sagrada Familia}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Història de la Basilica, 1866–1883: Origens |url=https://sagradafamilia.org/historia-del-temple |website=sagradafamilia.org |lang=ca |access-date=23 March 2019}}</ref>}}}} otherwise known as '''Sagrada Família''', is a church under construction in the [[Eixample]] district of [[Barcelona]], [[Catalonia]], [[Spain]]. It is the largest unfinished Catholic church in the world. Designed by [[Catalans|Catalan]] architect [[Antoni Gaudí]] (1852–1926), in 2005 his work on Sagrada Família was added to an existing (1984) [[UNESCO]] [[World Heritage Site]], "Works of Antoni Gaudí".<ref name="UNESCO" /> On 7 November 2010, [[Pope Benedict XVI]] consecrated the church and proclaimed it a [[minor basilica]].<ref>{{cite news |first=Alexander |last=Drummer |url=http://www.zenit.org/article-29981?l=english |title=Pontiff to Proclaim Gaudí's Church a Basilica |agency=[[Zenit News Agency]] |date=23 July 2010 |access-date=7 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925095015/http://www.zenit.org/article-29981?l=english |archive-date=25 September 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=http://press.catholica.va/news_services/press/vis/dinamiche/b2_en.htm |title=The Pope Consecrates The Church of the Sagrada Familia |agency=[[Vatican Information Service]] |date=7 November 2010 |access-date=11 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100804032420/http://press.catholica.va/news_services/press/vis/dinamiche/b2_en.htm |archive-date=4 August 2010}}</ref><ref name="CNSvisit">{{cite news |date=4 March 2010 |title=Pope to visit Santiago de Compostela, Barcelona in November |last=Delaney| first=Sarah |agency=[[Catholic News Service]] |url=http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1000887.htm |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20100407164905/http://www.catholicnews.com/data/stories/cns/1000887.htm |archive-date=7 April 2010 |access-date=7 July 2010 }}</ref>
On 19 March 1882, construction of Sagrada Família began under architect [[Francisco de Paula del Villar y Lozano|Francisco de Paula del Villar]]. In 1883, when Villar resigned,<ref name= UNESCO/> Gaudí took over as chief architect, transforming the project with his architectural and engineering style, combining [[Gothic architecture|Gothic]] and curvilinear [[Art Nouveau]] forms. Gaudí devoted the remainder of his life to the project, and he is buried in the church's crypt. At the time of his death in 1926, less than a quarter of the project was complete.<ref name="nyt1"/>
Relying solely on private donations, Sagrada Família's construction progressed slowly and was interrupted by the [[Spanish Civil War]]. In July 1936, anarchists from the [[Federación Anarquista Ibérica|FAI]] set fire to the crypt and broke their way into the workshop, partially destroying Gaudí's original plans.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/jun/03/barcelona-sagrada-familia-gaudi-history-cities-cathedral-poor-church-religion|title=Barcelona's Sagrada Família: Gaudí's 'cathedral for the poor' – a history of cities in 50 buildings, day 49|last=Fraser|first=Giles|date=3 June 2015|work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=29 December 2018|language=en-GB}}</ref> In 1939, Francesc de Paula Quintana took over site management, which was able to go on due to the material that was saved from Gaudí's workshop and that was reconstructed from published plans and photographs.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://sagradafamilia.org/en/history-of-the-temple |title=History of the Basílica |website=sagradafamilia.org}}</ref> Construction resumed to intermittent progress in the 1950s. Advancements in technologies such as [[computer-aided design]] and computerised [[numerical control]] (CNC) have since enabled faster progress and construction passed the midpoint in 2010. In 2014, it was anticipated that the building would be completed by 2026, the centenary of Gaudí's death,<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Video: See How La Sagrada Família Will Progress in 2015 |first=Samuel |last=Medina |magazine=[[Metropolis (architecture magazine)|Metropolis]] |date=25 September 2014 |url=https://www.metropolismag.com/architecture/video-see-how-la-sagrada-famlia-will-progress-in-2015/ |access-date=2 October 2019 |quote=''[2024 note: text only, video is no longer available]''}}</ref> but this schedule was threatened due to work slowdowns caused by the
Describing Sagrada Família, art critic Rainer Zerbst said "it is probably impossible to find a church building anything like it in the entire history of art",<ref name=RZ>Rainer Zerbst, ''Gaudí – a Life Devoted to Architecture.'', pp. 190–215</ref> and [[Paul Goldberger]] describes it as "the most extraordinary personal interpretation of [[Gothic architecture]] since the Middle Ages".<ref name="Goldberger">{{cite magazine |title=Barcelona |magazine=[[National Geographic]] |first=Paul |last=Goldberger |date=28 January 1991 |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/traveler/articles/1003barcelona.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100207214039/http://www.nationalgeographic.com/traveler/articles/1003barcelona.html |archive-date=7 February 2010}}</ref> The basilica is not the [[cathedral|cathedral church]] of the [[Archdiocese of Barcelona]], as that title belongs to the Cathedral of the Holy Cross and Saint Eulalia ([[Barcelona Cathedral]]).
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In 2012, Barcelona-born Jordi Faulí i Oller took over as architect of the project.<ref name=Milestones2012>{{cite web |url=https://sagradafamilia.org/en/the-foundation |title=The Foundation and the History, Main Milestones |work=BASÍLICA de la SAGRADA FAMíLIA [Basilica of the Holy Family] |access-date=12 December 2021 |quote=2012: Jordi Faulí takes over from Jordi Bonet as head architect and site manager… |language=English }}</ref><ref name="Volner">{{Cite magazine |title=A Completion Date for Sagrada Família, Helped by Technology |first=Ian |last=Volner |url=https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/a-completion-date-for-sagrada-familia-helped-by-technology_o |magazine=[[Architect Magazine]] |access-date=9 November 2015 |quote=In 2012, Barcelona-born architect Jordi Faulí assumed control of the project.}}</ref> [[Mark Burry]] of New Zealand serves as Executive Architect and Researcher.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fitzpatrick |first1=Lisa |title=The Gaudí code |url=https://www.barcelona-metropolitan.com/features/life-in-barcelona-the-gaud%C3%AD-code/ |access-date=13 February 2019 |work=Barcelona Metropolitan |date=28 September 2011}}</ref> Sculptures by [[J. Busquets]], [[Etsuro Sotoo]] and the controversial [[Josep Maria Subirachs]] decorate the fantastical façades.{{citation needed|date=August 2023}}
Chief architect Jordi Faulí announced in October 2015 that construction was 70 percent complete and had entered its final phase of raising six immense steeples. The steeples and most of the church's structure were planned to be completed by 2026, the centennial of Gaudí's death;<ref name=Grdn2024/> as of a 2017 estimate, decorative elements should be complete by 2030 or 2032.<ref>{{cite web |last=Cunningham |first=Sharon |date=30 October 2017 |title=What are the main milestones for the Sagrada Família in the future? |url=https://blog.sagradafamilia.org/en/divulgation/what-are-the-main-milestones-for-the-sagrada-familia-in-the-future/ |website=Blog Sagrada Família}}</ref>{{Failed verification|date=October 2023}} Visitor entrance fees of €15 to €20 finance the annual construction budget of €25{{nbsp}}million.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Wilson |first=Joseph |title=Barcelona's La Sagrada Familia Basilica enters final years of construction |newspaper=Toronto Sun |url=http://www.torontosun.com/2015/10/22/barcelonas-la-sagrada-familia-basilica-enters-final-years-of-construction |access-date=9 November 2015}}</ref> Completion of the structure will use [[post-tensioned stone]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.sagradafamilia.org/en/divulgation/tensioned-stone/|title=Tensioned stone|date=6 June 2018|website=Blog Sagrada Família|access-date=19 May 2023}}</ref>
Starting on 9 July 2017, an international mass is celebrated at the basilica every Sunday and [[holy day of obligation]], at 9{{nbsp}}a.m., and is open to the public (until the church is full). Occasionally, Mass is celebrated at other times, where attendance requires an invitation. When masses are scheduled, instructions to obtain an invitation are posted on the basilica's website. In addition, visitors may pray in the chapel of the Blessed Sacrament and Penitence.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Worship at the Basilica |url=http://www.sagradafamilia.org/en/worship-at-the-basilica/ |access-date=5 September 2017 |website=Sagrada Família}}</ref>
The stone initially used in its construction came from the [[Montserrat (mountain)|Montserrat mountain]], but it became clear that as quarrying there went deeper, the stone was increasingly fragile and an alternative source had to be found.
<gallery class="center" widths="220" heights="220" mode="packed-hover" classes="center" caption="Historical photographs of Sagrada Família">
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===Façades===
{{unreferenced section|date=August 2017}}
The church is designed to have three grand façades: the [[Nativity of Jesus|Nativity]] façade to the east, the [[Passion of Jesus|Passion]] façade to the west, and the [[Glory (religion)|Glory]] façade to the south (incomplete).
The Nativity façade was built before work was interrupted in 1935 and bears the most direct Gaudí influence.
▲[[File:TTTT6.JPG|thumb|right|The Nativity façade]]
The Passion façade was built according to the design that Gaudi created in 1917. The construction began in 1954, and the steeples, built over the elliptical plan, were finished in 1976. It is especially striking for its spare, gaunt, tormented characters, including emaciated figures of Christ being scourged at the pillar; and Christ on the [[Christian cross|Cross]]. These controversial designs are the work of [[Josep Maria Subirachs]].
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====Nativity Façade====
[[File:Die Geburtsfassade der Sagrada Familia im Detail.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|Sculpture of the choir of angel children]]
Constructed between 1893 and 1936, the Nativity façade was the first façade to be completed.{{Sfn|Faulí|2014|p=42}} Dedicated to the birth of Jesus, it is decorated with scenes reminiscent of elements of life. Characteristic of Gaudí's naturalistic style, the sculptures are ornately arranged and decorated with scenes and images from nature, each a symbol in its own manner.{{Sfn|Giralt-Miracle|2012|p=198}} For instance, the three porticos are separated by two large columns, and at the base of each lies a turtle or a tortoise (one to represent the land and the other the sea; each are symbols of time as something set in stone and unchangeable). In contrast to the figures of turtles and their symbolism, two chameleons can be found at either side of the façade and are symbolic of change.
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====Passion Façade====
[[File:SF - Passió 2018-m.jpg|thumb|
In contrast to the highly decorated Nativity Façade, the Passion Façade is austere, plain and simple, with ample bare stone, and is carved with harsh straight lines to resemble the bones of a skeleton. Dedicated to the [[Passion of Jesus|Passion]] of Christ, the suffering of Jesus during [[crucifixion of Jesus Christ|his crucifixion]], the façade was intended to portray the sins of man. Construction began in 1954, following the drawings and instructions left by Gaudí for future architects and sculptors. The steeples were completed in 1976, and in 1987 a team of sculptors, headed by [[Josep Maria Subirachs]], began work sculpting the various scenes and details of the façade. They aimed to give a rigid, angular form to provoke a dramatic effect. Gaudí intended for this façade to strike fear into the onlooker. He wanted to "break" arcs and "cut" columns, and to use the effect of [[chiaroscuro]] (dark angular shadows contrasted by harsh rigid light) to further show the severity and brutality of Christ's sacrifice.
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File:Sagrada_Fam%C3%ADlia,_Columns.jpg|Ceiling and columns of the nave
</gallery>
[[File:Sagrada Familia yeonu.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Light coming through stained glass]]
The church plan is that of a Latin cross with five aisles. The central [[nave]] [[Vault (architecture)|vaults]] reach {{convert|45|m|ft|abbr=off|spell=in}} while the side nave vaults reach {{convert|30|m|ft|abbr=off|spell=in}}. The [[transept]] has three aisles. The columns are on a {{convert|7.5|m|ft}} grid. However, the columns of the [[apse]], resting on del Villar's foundation, do not adhere to the grid, requiring a section of columns of the [[ambulatory]] to transition to the grid thus creating a horseshoe pattern to the layout of those columns. The crossing rests on the four central columns of porphyry supporting a great [[hyperboloid]] surrounded by two rings of twelve hyperboloids (currently under construction). The central vault reaches {{convert|60|m|ft|spell=in}}. The apse is capped by a hyperboloid vault reaching {{convert|75|m|ft|spell=in}}. Gaudí intended that a visitor standing at the main entrance be able to see the vaults of the nave, crossing, and apse, thus the graduated increase in vault loft.
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Essentially none of the interior surfaces are flat; the ornamentation is comprehensive and rich, consisting in large part of abstract shapes which combine smooth curves and jagged points. Even detail-level work such as the iron railings for balconies and stairways are full of curvaceous elaboration.
[[File:Sagrada Família organ.jpg|thumb|upright=1.4|Organ located in the chancel]]▼
====Organ====
▲[[File:Sagrada Família organ.jpg|thumb|Organ located in the chancel]]
In 2010 an [[Organ (music)|organ]] was installed in the [[chancel]] by the Blancafort Orgueners de Montserrat organ builders. The instrument has 26 stops (1,492 pipes) on two manuals and a pedalboard.
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