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Line 1: {{short description\|System or list for multiple mail recipients}} {{~~hatnote~~for\|~~For~~ information about the Wikipedia mailing lists~~, see [[~~\|Wikipedia:Mailing lists]]\|selfref=y}} {{use American English\|date=July 2022}} {{Use MDY dates\|date=July 2022}} A '''mailing list''' is a collection of names and addresses used by an individual or an organization to send material to multiple recipients. The term is often extended to include the people subscribed to such a list, so the group of subscribers is referred to as "the mailing list", or simply "the list.". Transmission may be paper-based or electronic. Each has its strengths, although a 2022 article claimed that "direct mail still brings in the lion's share of revenue for most organizations."<ref>{{citation \|url=https://www.nonprofitpro.com/article/direct-mail-or-email-win-over-donors-with-both-channels ~~\|title=Direct Mail or Email? Win Over Donors With Both Channels~~ ~~\|date=June 28, 2022}}</ref>~~ ==Types== At least two types of mailing lists can be defined: * an ''announcement list'' is closer to the original sense, where a "mailing list" of people was used as a recipient for newsletters, periodicals or advertising. Traditionally this was done through the [[postal system]], but with the rise of [[email]], the [[electronic mailing list]] became popular. This type of list is used primarily as a one-way conduit of information and may only be "posted to" by selected people. This may also be referred to by the term ''newsletter''. Newsletter and promotional emailing lists are employed in various sectors as parts of [[direct marketing]] campaigns. * a '"discussion list'" allows subscribing members (sometimes even people outside the list) to post their own items which are broadcast to all of the other mailing list members. Recipients may answer in a similar fashion, thus, actual discussion and information exchanges can occur. Mailing lists of this type are usually topic-oriented (for example, politics, scientific discussion, health problems, joke contests), and the topic may range from extremely narrow to "whatever you think could interest us"." In this they are similar to [[Usenet]] [[newsgroup]]s, another form of [[discussion group]] that may have an aversion to [[off-topic]] messages. Historically mailing lists preceded email/web forums; both can provide analogous functionalities. When used in that fashion, mailing lists are sometimes known as ''discussion lists'' or ''discussion forums''. Discussion lists provide some advantages over typical web forums, so they are still used in various projects, notably [[Git (software)\|Git]] and [[Debian]]. The advantages over web forums include the ability to work offline, the ability to sign/encrypt posts via [[GNU Privacy Guard\|GPG]], and the ability to use an e-mail client's features, such as filters.<ref>{{cite web Line 36 ⟶ 32: On legitimate (non-[[E-mail spam\|spam]]) mailing lists, individuals can subscribe or unsubscribe themselves. Mailing lists are often rented or sold. If rented, the renter agrees to use the mailing list only at contractually agreed-upon times. The mailing list owner typically enforces this by "[[Fictitious entry#Salt\|salting]]" (known as "seeding" in direct mail) the mailing list with fake addresses and creating new salts for each time the list is rented. Unscrupulous renters may attempt to bypass salts by renting several lists and merging them to find common, valid addresses.<ref>{{cite web \|title=CONSUMER MARKETING: Magazine Industry on List Security \|url=https://www.magazine.org/insights-resources/research-publications/guides-studies/consumer-marketing-magazine-industry-list \|publisher=[[MPA – the Association of Magazine Media]] \|access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref> [[List broker\|Mailing list brokers]] exist to help organizations rent their lists. For some list owners, such as specialized niche publications or charitable groups, their lists may be some of their most valuable assets, and mailing list brokers help them maximize the value of their lists. Transmission may be paper-based or electronic. Each has its strengths, although a 2022 article claimed that compared to email, "[[direct mail]] still brings in the lion's share of revenue for most organizations."<ref>{{citation \|title=Direct Mail or Email? Win Over Donors With Both Channels \|date=June 28, 2022 \|url=https://www.nonprofitpro.com/article/direct-mail-or-email-win-over-donors-with-both-channels}}</ref> A mailing list is simply a list of e-mail addresses of people who are interested in the same subject, are members of the same work group, or who are taking ~~class~~classes together.<ref>{{cite web\|title=Email List Resources \|url=https://www.infoglobaldata.com/resources \|access-date=25 August 2023}}</ref> When a member of the list sends a note to the group's special address, the e-mail is broadcast to all of the members of the list. The key advantage of a mailing list over a things such as web-based discussion is that as the new message becomes available they are immediately delivered to the participants' mailboxes. A mailing list ~~sometime~~sometimes can also include information such as phone number, postal address, fax number, and more. ~~<ref>≤</ref>~~===Electronic mailing list=== An '''electronic mailing list''' or '''email list''' is a special use of [[email]] that allows for widespread distribution of information to many [[Internet]] users. It is similar to a traditional mailing list – a list of names and addresses – as might be kept by an organization for sending publications to its members or customers, but typically refers to four things: * a list of email addresses, Line 94 ⟶ 90: \|title="We were here before the Web and hype…": a brief history of and tribute to the Computational Chemistry List \|journal=[[Journal of Cheminformatics]] \|volume=10 \|issue=1 \|pages=67 \|doi=10.1186/s13321-018-0322-7 \|pmid=30564941 \|pmc=6755560 \|issn=1758-2946 \|doi-access=free }}</ref> ==List security== Line 101 ⟶ 97: '''Discussion lists''' often require every message to be approved by a [[moderator (communications)\|moderator]] before being sent to the rest of the subscribers (moderated lists), although higher-traffic lists typically only moderate messages from new subscribers. Companies sending out promotional newsletters have the option of working with [[whitelist]] mail distributors, which agree to standards and high fines from ISPs should any of the [[opt-in]] subscribers complain. In exchange for their compliance and agreement to prohibitive fines, the emails sent by whitelisted companies are not blocked by [[Email filtering\|spam filters]], which often can reroute these legitimate, non-spam emails.<ref>{{Cite web \|url=http://www.bethesda-list.com/lists/what-is-a-whitelist \|title=What is a 'Whitelist' and why do I want to work with a 'Whitelisted' Mail Distributor?~~}}</ref>~~ \|website=Bethesda List Center \|url-status=dead \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161203110906/http://www.bethesda-list.com/lists/what-is-a-whitelist \|archive-date= Dec 3, 2016 }}</ref> ===Subscription=== Line 107 ⟶ 105: ===Archives=== A mailing list archive is a collection of past messages from one or more electronic mailing lists. Such archives often include searching and indexing functionality. Many archives are directly associated with the mailing list, but some organizations, such as [[Gmane]], collect archives from multiple mailing lists hosted at different organizations; thus, one message sent to one popular mailing list may end up in many different archives. Gmane had over 9,000 mailing list archives as of 16 January 2007. Some popular [[free software]] programs for collecting mailing list archives are [[Hypermail]], [[MHonArc]],<ref>[https://github.com/sympa-community/MHonArc MHonArc - A mail-to-HTML converter]</ref> [[FUDforum]], and [[public-inbox]]<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://public-inbox.org/README.html \|title=public-inbox - an "archives first" approach to mailing lists \|website=public-inbox.org \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240118050149/https://public-inbox.org/README.html \|archive-date= Jan 18, 2024 }}</ref> (which is notably used for archiving the [[Linux kernel mailing list]]<ref>[https://subspace.kernel.org/software.html kernel.org: What is subspace running?]</ref> along with many other software development mailing lists<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://lore.kernel.org/\|title=public-inbox listing \|website=lore.kernel.org \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240121213921/https://lore.kernel.org/ \|archive-date= Jan 21, 2024 }}</ref> and has a web-service API used by search-and-retrieval tools intended for use by the [[Linux kernel#Developer community\|Linux kernel development community]]<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/878205/\|title=Digging into the community's lore with lei\|work=[[LWN.net]] \|date=December 13, 2021\|df=ymd\|first=Jonathan\|last=Corbet \|url-status=live \|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20231112134713/http://lwn.net/Articles/878205/ \|archive-date= Nov 12, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://people.kernel.org/monsieuricon/lore-lei-part-1-getting-started\|title=lore+lei: part 1, getting started\|date=November 5, 2021\|first=Konstantin\|last=Ryabitsev \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203121032/https://people.kernel.org/monsieuricon/lore-lei-part-1-getting-started \|archive-date= Dec 3, 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://people.kernel.org/monsieuricon/lore-lei-part-2-now-with-imap\|title=lore+lei: part 2, now with IMAP\|date=November 12, 2021\|first=Konstantin\|last=Ryabitsev \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605195549/https://people.kernel.org/monsieuricon/lore-lei-part-2-now-with-imap \|archive-date= Jun 5, 2023 }}</ref>).{{citation needed\|date=July 2022}} \|title=public-inbox - an "archives first" approach to mailing lists}}</ref> (which is notably used for archiving the [[Linux kernel mailing list]]<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/\|title=linux-kernel.vger.kernel.org archive mirror}}</ref> along with many other software development mailing lists<ref>{{cite web \|url=https://lore.kernel.org/\|title=public-inbox listing}}</ref> and has a web-service API used by search-and-retrieval tools intended for use by the [[Linux kernel#Developer community\|Linux kernel development community]]<ref>{{cite news\|url=https://lwn.net/Articles/878205/\|title=Digging into the community's lore with lei\|work=[[LWN.net]] \|date=December 13, 2021\|df=ymd\|first=Jonathan\|last=Corbet}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://people.kernel.org/monsieuricon/lore-lei-part-1-getting-started\|title=lore+lei: part 1, getting started\|date=November 5, 2021\|first=Konstantin\|last=Ryabitsev}}</ref><ref>{{cite web\|url=https://people.kernel.org/monsieuricon/lore-lei-part-2-now-with-imap\|title=lore+lei: part 2, now with IMAP\|date=November 12, 2021\|first=Konstantin\|last=Ryabitsev}}</ref>).{{citation needed\|date=July 2022}} ==Listwashing== Listwashing is the process through which individual entries in mailing lists are to be removed.<ref name=Clueless>{{cite news \|~~magazine~~publisher=[[InfoWorld]] \|magazine=The Gripe Line \|url=https://www.infoworld.com/article/2639419/reader-voices--aol-clueless-ones.html \|title=Reader Voices: AOL Clueless Ones \|author=Ed Foster \|date=October 5, 2007~~}}</ref> These mailing lists typically contain [[email]] addresses or phone numbers~~ \|url-status=live \|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218192719/https://www.infoworld.com/article/2639419/reader-voices--aol-clueless-ones.html \|archive-date= Dec 18, 2023 }}</ref> These mailing lists typically contain [[email]] addresses or phone numbers <ref>in the United States, via the Federal DO-NOT-CALL registry, 888-382-1222</ref> of those that have not voluntarily subscribed. Only complainers are removed via this process. Because most of those that have not voluntarily subscribed stay on the list, this helps [[spam (electronic)\|spam]]mers to maintain a low-complaint list of spammable email addresses. [[Internet service provider]]s who forward complaints to the spamming party are often seen as assisting the [[spam (electronic)\|spam]]mer in list washing, or, in short, helping spammers. Most legitimate list holders provide their customers with listwashing and data deduplication service regularly for free or a small fee.{{citation needed\|date=July 2022}} Line 126 ⟶ 125: * [[Direct marketing]] * [[Distribution list]] * [[~~Email~~Bulk ~~marketing~~email software]] * [[Google Groups]] * [[List of mailing list software]] Line 136 ⟶ 135: * [[Online consultation]] * [[Robinson list]] * [[~~squeeze~~Squeeze page]] * [[Usenet]] * [[Yahoo! Groups]]