Overview
- Jump To Details
Canon EOS R6 Mark II
Best for Quick and Smart Autofocus - Jump To Details
Nikon Z 8
Best for High-Res Snaps and Raw Video - Jump To Details
Panasonic Lumix DC-S5
Best Entry Level for Video and Vlogs - Jump To Details
Sony a7R V
Best for Uncompromised Resolution and Autofocus - Jump To Details
Sony ZV-E1
Best Dedicated Vlogging Camera - Jump To Details
Nikon Z 9
Best for Gripped Body Style - Jump To Details
Leica M11 Monochrom
Best for Black-and-White Photos - Jump To Details
Canon EOS R8
Best Budget Model - Jump To Details
Sony a7C II
Best Full Frame for Travel - Jump To Details
Sony a9 III
Best for Global Shutter and Speed
If you want a digital camera that's capable of professional results, go for a full-frame model. These cameras use image sensors that are as big as a 35mm film frame for pictures with wider dynamic range, lower noise, and blurrier backgrounds than from APS-C and Micro Four Thirds alternatives. There's more to a camera than just the size of its sensor, however, and full-frame models run the gamut in features and price. Spending more tends to get you benefits like dual card slots, faster, smarter autofocus, innovative sensor tech, Raw video recording, and weather sealing.
PCMag has tested scores of full-frame digital cameras for more than a decade, and our photo experts have extensive hands-on experience with each and every camera system. Moreover, our coverage is completely independent, and our hands-on testing takes into account our experience in our studio and out in the world.
Among our Editors' Choice winners are the Canon EOS R8 for beginners, the Nikon Z 8 for advanced hybrid creators, and the Sony a9iii for those who want a cutting-edge global shutter. But there are many superb choices on this list worth exploring, all with comprehensive reviews. Make sure to also read to the bottom for some helpful buying advice.
You Can Trust Our Reviews
Deeper Dive: Our Top Tested Picks
Canon EOS R6 Mark II
Best for Quick and Smart AutofocusWhy We Picked It
The Canon EOS R6 Mark II gets plenty of mileage from its 24MP full-frame CMOS sensor. Picture quality is excellent, even at higher ISOs, and the autofocus system rarely misses its target thanks to smart subject detection for people, animals, and vehicles. For video, 4K60 recording is available using the full width of the sensor and 10-bit color sampling. As you might expect from an enthusiast model, the R6 Mark II uses tough magnesium alloy components and can survive both dust and splashes.
Who It's For
Canon's EOS R mirrorless system is one of our favorites, and the midrange EOS R6 Mark II is an appropriate model for both stills and video. It's an especially good pick if you're a wildlife or sports photographer who wants quick bursts—the mechanical shutter does 12fps and the e-shutter manages 40fps—but doesn't have the funds for an R3. Meanwhile, if you care more about video, the 10-bit C-Log3 option is a treat.
Pros
- Stabilized full-frame sensor
- Class-leading autofocus
- Superb picture quality
- Magnesium body with dust and splash protection
- Sharp EVF and swing-out touch LCD
- 40fps tracking with e-shutter
- Full-width 4K60 with 10-bit color
- 6K support over HDMI
Cons
- Limited third-party lens support
- Fragile micro HDMI port
Learn MoreCanon EOS R6 Mark II ReviewNikon Z 8
Best for High-Res Snaps and Raw VideoWhy We Picked It
The Nikon Z 8 is a do-it-all mirrorless camera that focuses and fires with incredible speed (20fps for Raw, 30fps for JPG). Its 45MP Stacked CMOS sensor reads out quickly enough to freeze motion and supports interruption-free capture thanks to the fully electronic shutter and large, quality EVF. 3D Tracking autofocus is on board from the Z 9, as are plenty of high-end video capabilities, such as 8K Raw and 4K ProRes recording to CFe memory.
Who It's For
The Z 8 is a worthy choice for pros and hobbyists across every discipline. Its high-pixel sensor has the resolution and dynamic range necessary for landscape and architecture, its autofocus system and burst speed are suitable for sports and wildlife, and its full-frame format can blur out backgrounds for portraits. Excellent video format support and effective, 5-axis stabilization should also please video creators.
Pros
- Sturdy, weather-sealed build
- Large, crisp EVF with interruption-free capture
- Dual-axis touch LCD
- 20fps Raw and 120fps JPG bursts
- Backlit buttons
- Internal N-Raw and ProRes video capture
- Up to 8K60 or 4K120 video
Cons
- Heavier than competitors
- Average battery life
Learn MoreNikon Z 8 ReviewPanasonic Lumix DC-S5
Best Entry Level for Video and VlogsWhy We Picked It
If you're shopping for a full-frame value, it's tough to argue against the Panasonic Lumix S5. The camera doesn't have the most earth-shattering spec list, but a stabilized 24MP sensor with 96MP multi-shot, 10-bit 4K60 video, and smart ergonomics and controls make the S5 a compelling starter camera. It's backed by a growing library of L-mount lenses from Leica, Panasonic, and Sigma, so you've got options for glass. The downside is autofocus—the S5 tops out at 7fps tracking. As such, the Canon R6 Mark II and Sony a7 IV are better options for action photography.
Who It's For
Creators who snap both pictures and record video, vloggers who need a dual-purpose camera body, and family photogs who want a better-than-smartphone experience to fill out photo albums and carry on vacation should all look at the S5. We especially like its bundled 20-60mm zoom for beginners; its extra-wide 20mm starting angle offers an advantage for landscapes and interiors compared with typical kit zooms that start at 24mm or 28mm.
Pros
- Excellent 24MP full-frame sensor
- 5-axis IBIS
- Improved DFD focus system
- 10-bit 4K60 video
- 5.9K ProRes Raw with Ninja V
- Dust and splash protection
- Superb ergonomics
- Dual SDXC card slots
Cons
- L-mount lens library still growing
- Tracking focus limited to 6fps
Learn MorePanasonic Lumix DC-S5 ReviewSony a7R V
Best for Uncompromised Resolution and AutofocusWhy We Picked It
The Sony a7R V features a 60MP full-frame sensor that should appeal to photographers who love pixel-rich files. The sensor is the same as in the previous-generation a7R IV, but faster processors and an all-new autofocus system offer considerable improvements in speed and subject recognition. For video, you can pick between 8K30 or 4K60 recording. As a pro camera, the a7R V has a magnesium frame and weather protection, so it's just as usable in the field as it is in the studio.
Who It's For
We recommend the a7R V for people who care most about pixel count. It's a versatile camera that's good for everything from archival work (it has a 240MP multi-shot mode) to wildlife and action photography (it offers a 10fps drive and AI-trained subject recognition). It's not as strong a contender for video, however; lower-pixel cameras like the a7 IV or Panasonic S5 II are better choices for that pursuit.
Pros
- Stabilized 60MP full-frame sensor
- 7fps Raw capture at top quality
- Smart tracking focus powered by AI
- Huge, ultra-sharp EVF
- Clever dual-tilting touch screen
- Configurable controls and touch menu system
- Dual card slots work with CFe (Type A) and UHS-II SDXC
Cons
- Sensor readout speed limits e-shutter and video
- Multi-shot requires desktop stitching software
- Raw quality drops off at 10fps drive
Learn MoreSony a7R V ReviewSony ZV-E1
Best Dedicated Vlogging CameraWhy We Picked It
You can use almost any camera (or a decent smartphone) to record video for your vlog channel, but production values suffer if you stick to in-camera audio and don't have a camera operator to change angles during takes. The ZV-E1 solves both those problems for solo creators thanks to its crisp, three-capsule stereo mic and various AI-powered pan and zoom assists. A front-facing screen and 5-axis sensor stabilization round out the package.
Who It's For
The ZV-E1 should appeal to vloggers and other videomakers who work without the benefit of a film crew. It's loaded with features for expert-level creators but also makes it easy for beginners to get dynamic video. A Background Defocus button that swaps to a shallow look and a Product Showcase focus mode that's ideal for product reviews are both invaluable for the latter group.
Pros
- Tiny full-frame camera with stabilized sensor
- Widescreen cinematic vlog mode
- S-Cinetone and S-Log3 picture profiles
- Great-looking 10-bit 4K60 video
- 4K120 and 1080p240 slow-motion
- Excellent stabilization system
- Quality in-camera audio
Cons
- Fragile micro HDMI port
- Can overheat at 4K60
- No mechanical shutter
Learn MoreSony ZV-E1 ReviewNikon Z 9
Best for Gripped Body StyleWhy We Picked It
The Nikon Z 9 is one of the biggest mirrorless cameras around, but that's part of its appeal. As the spiritual successor to the D6 SLR, it targets photographers who prefer a body style with an integrated grip; this makes the camera more comfortable in a vertical orientation and provides space for an extra-large battery. Among its impressive tech features are a Stacked BSI CMOS sensor with 45MP resolution, 30fps focus with 3D Tracking and subject recognition, and up to 8K video with N-Raw encoding.
Who It's For
The Z 9 is a speed demon for working photographers. It offers 5-axis IBIS, a fully electronic shutter with flash support, and best-in-class durability. Event pros should appreciate its extensive battery life and reliable autofocus, while wildlife specialists who rely on large telephoto lenses can get a secure grasp thanks to the oversized body style.
Pros
- Stacked sensor eliminates need for mechanical shutter
- 45MP full-frame imaging leaves room to crop
- Reliable 3D tracking autofocus
- Intelligent subject recognition
- Ample wired and wireless connectivity options
- Big, gripped body for pro SLR fans
- Innovative articulating rear display
- 8K ProRes Raw and 4K ProRes 422 HQ video
Cons
- Large body style not for everyone
- Banding may appear in scenes with digital signage
- Z lens system isn't fully built out
Learn MoreNikon Z 9 ReviewLeica M11 Monochrom
Best for Black-and-White PhotosWhy We Picked It
There's no other camera quite like the Leica M11 Monochrom. For one, the German-made full-framer is a rangefinder. It uses an optical viewfinder and requires manual focus. And then there's the sensor: The 60MP BSI CMOS imager sees the world in black and white, not color. We love that the M series aesthetics haven't changed dramatically since the 1950s, as well. We just wish it didn't cost so much.
Who It's For
The M11 Monochrom is a splurge for sure. But if you can manage it and have ever enjoyed debating the merits of Kodak Tri-X versus Ilford HP5, this is the camera for you. If you prefer a rangefinder that snaps color photos, Leica's M11 is available for a few dollars less, at $8,995.
Pros
- Dedicated black-and-white sensor
- Bright optical finder
- Works with M lenses
- 256GB internal storage
- Dust- and splash-resistant build
- USB-C charging and data port
- Works with Leica Fotos app for Android and iOS
Cons
- Expensive
- Doesn't support color imaging or video
- Glass filters required for color balance
- Manual focus not for everyone
Learn MoreLeica M11 Monochrom ReviewCanon EOS R8
Best Budget ModelWhy We Picked It
The EOS R8 is the next step up from Canon's lowest-priced full-frame camera, the EOS RP, but it's worth the extra money. The R8's autofocus system is smarter with subject recognition for people, pets, wildlife, and vehicles, and its video toolkit is more capable. Automatic operation is available for beginners, while manual modes should appeal to those with more experience. The RP is also compatible with some of the same accessories and lenses (via an adapter) from Canon SLRs, too. It's a capable camera for its reasonable price.
Who It's For
The EOS R8 is a good choice for photographers who want to get a full-frame camera, but don't mind missing out on some high-end features such as a focus joystick control and sensor stabilization. It's therefore less appealing as a dedicated sports and wildlife camera than the R6 Mark II, but it's perfectly suitable for snapshots, travel photography, portraits, and landscapes. If you're on the Nikon side of the fence, the Z 5 targets a similar audience.
Pros
- Class-leading autofocus system
- 24MP full-frame sensor
- E-shutter supports 40fps capture
- Articulating touch LCD
- Full-width 4K60 video with 10-bit color
- Includes mic and headphone jacks
Cons
- Omits focus joystick
- Image sensor isn't stabilized
- Runs hot at 4K60
Learn MoreCanon EOS R8 ReviewSony a7C II
Best Full Frame for TravelWhy We Picked It
The Sony a7C II mirrorless camera isn't any bigger than the APS-C a6700 but includes a 35mm format sensor with stabilization. It uses the same 33MP BSI CMOS chip in the a7 IV, just with a newer autofocus system that recognizes all types of subjects, including birds, cars, insects, and people. Lens selection is a positive, too: The 28-60mm kit lens is small and Sony sells a series of tiny f/2.5 primes as well as a few svelte f/2.8 zooms to round out your options.
Who It's For
If you want to pack light without sacrificing picture quality, autofocus acumen, or battery life, the a7C II is an obvious choice. It works well for travel, has dust and splash protection for hikes and other outdoor activities, and even manages to work a small, but capable, electronic viewfinder into its design.
Pros
- Stabilized full-frame sensor
- Impressively small body style
- Magnesium build with dust and splash protection
- Best-in-class autofocus system
- Long battery life
Cons
- Just a single card slot
- Mechanical shutter has some limitations
- Undersized viewfinder
Learn MoreSony a7C II ReviewSony a9 III
Best for Global Shutter and SpeedWhy We Picked It
The Sony a9 III features a groundbreaking 24MP Stacked BSI CMOS sensor with a global readout that exposes every pixel at once, rather than sequentially. As such, the a9 III is one of the best cameras you can get for freezing action. Sports and wildlife specialists can freeze motion more nimbly than with other electronic-shutter cameras, while 120fps Raw capture with bulletproof autofocus tracking means the camera doesn't miss many shots. Simply, it's one of the fastest, most responsive cameras we've ever tested.
Who It's For
The a9 III is just for the pros. If you make your living capturing images of competitive sports or spend all of your weekends chasing down photos of wildlife, this one is for you. The a9 III loses some points on versatility, since its relatively high starting ISO limits dynamic range compared with competitors. It's not a perfect camera for every application, but it's a top choice for any sort of action.
Pros
- Innovative global shutter sensor
- Full-frame, 14-bit Raw at up 120fps
- Overdrive and pre-capture burst modes
- Subject recognition autofocus system
- Large, clear viewfinder
- Dual-angle rear display
- Twin memory card slots with CFe (A) and SDXC support
Cons
- Less dynamic range, noisy high ISO pictures
- Third-party flashes face compatibility issues
- Not all lenses support 120fps focus drive
- Omits ProRes video encoding
Learn MoreSony a9 III Review
Buying Guide: The Best Full-Frame Cameras for 2024
Should You Get a Mirrorless Body, an SLR, or Something Else?
Choosing the right full-frame model for you isn't the easiest prospect. You need to decide if you want to go with an SLR or mirrorless model—or to buck expectations and opt for a rangefinder or fixed-lens camera instead.
We recommend mirrorless cameras most strongly since they've long overtaken SLRs in autofocus performance and provide access to the latest lenses. You can enjoy wider autofocus coverage, faster burst rates, and much better video than with a traditional optical viewfinder model. If you're not ready to move on, you can still get an excellent SLR from Canon, Nikon, or Pentax, though you miss out on the latest focus and video features and might have to turn to the used market for lenses.
If you're thinking about moving to mirrorless from an SLR, look to an adapter to take your existing lenses. Canon and Nikon both offer adapters for their respective systems, while other accessories, such as flashes, often work without add-ons.
The advantages of mirrorless systems are numerous. They use fewer moving parts, for instance, and engineers can put the autofocus system directly on the sensor. As a result, you never need to make focus calibration adjustments, and focus points can extend to the edge of the frame. Photographers used to optical viewfinders might require an adjustment period, but an electronic viewfinder (EVF) makes it easier to judge exposure settings than ever before.
Video is the other arena in which mirrorless cameras outpace most competing SLRs. On-sensor focus systems mean that cameras can keep up with moving subjects when you record movies. Recent models even support intelligent subject recognition so they can focus perfectly on eyes for portraits or keep track of a bird hopping from branch to branch. Most full-frame cameras include in-body image stabilization (IBIS), so you can get steady handheld video and use longer exposure times for photos without packing a tripod.
It's still easy to take great photos with SLRs, even if they don't offer as many advanced features as mirrorless rivals. Professionals with years of muscle memory might find that familiar ergonomics trump technical advantages. Others might simply prefer an old-school optical viewfinder.
And there's the road less traveled. There are cameras with full-frame sensors, like the Leica M11 rangefinder, which is a purely manual focus camera with an optical viewfinder and absolutely no video support.
There are even a few cameras available with 24-by-36mm sensors and fixed lenses. The Leica Q3 and Q2 Monochrom, along with the Sony RX1R II, represent the current crop.
What Are Your Full-Frame System Options?
Fixed-lens outliers aside, most photographers who buy a full-frame camera will end up with an interchangeable-lens model. And before you settle in on a particular camera, you should make sure it's part of a system that meets all of the challenges you face as a photographer.
Canon has two full-frame systems available. Its well-established SLR series uses the EF lens mount and offers cameras ranging from entry-level to professional. In 2018, it added the EOS R mirrorless family, which uses the RF mount but can also use EF lenses via an inexpensive adapter. All of Canon's development efforts are now behind RF and we don't expect any more EF lens or camera releases going forward.
In addition to its iconic M rangefinder series, Leica launched a mirrorless system in 2015 with the SL camera. It lived in its niche for a few years, but that changed at the 2018 Photokina conference. Leica announced that Panasonic and Sigma were joining it to form the L-Mount Alliance. The trio has put together an interesting mix of cameras. Panasonic has video-tuned options with consumer-friendly prices, Leica makes luxury-priced options, and Sigma covers the quirky side of the market with its fp line.
Like Canon, Nikon has two full-frame systems. You can opt for an SLR, which uses the F-mount, and the mirrorless Z-mount system, which launched in 2018. Nikon has been concentrating on making new Z cameras and lenses since the introduction of the line. Its last SLR of note was 2020's D780, and we don't expect to see any more Nikon SLRs going forward. The Z camera line is the future and includes models like the entry-level Z 5, retro Z f, high-resolution Z 7 II, and high-end Z 8 and Z 9.
Pentax is an iconic SLR brand but doesn't give owners much choice when it comes to full-frame cameras. It has released two—the K-1 and K-1 Mark II—and the Mark II's upgrades are minimal. Both use a 36MP sensor, include weather protection, and offer in-body stabilization.
Sony cameras are all mirrorless these days. Its full-frame and APS-C lines share the same E lens system and work with A-mount lenses from its retired SLR system via an adapter. The mirrorless system is one of the most popular and fully developed. After a decade in the market, the company has delivered models tuned for high-speed action, high-resolution capture, and high-quality video. There are loads of lenses available, both first- and third-party, and Sony continues to sell older models at lower prices, thus broadening the appeal for entry-level buyers.
Get the Right Camera
It's easy to buy a full-frame camera—you just need a credit card. It's getting the right one that can be tricky. Once you've settled on the right system, make sure the model you choose meets your needs. Photographers interested in action should look for one with great autofocus and a fast burst rate, while fine art and landscape specialists should seek out a high-resolution model with extreme dynamic range.
You can take a look at our latest reviews to see what's just come to market. We also have some tips for enthusiasts who want to get more out of their cameras and guides with instructions on getting great shots of fireworks and lightning.
